Re: [Discuss-gnuradio] GNU Radio Companion - ALSA

[Robin A. Jensen]

Hello Cinaed

Thank you for your interrest in the proble,

When using GRC i been trying by VNCserver and directly on the pi in GUI
(X11).
This is what ps -ef | grep pulse audio shows
pi         855     1  0 Feb19 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh
/usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11
pi        1203     1  0 Feb19 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh
/usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11
pi        3959  3941  0 16:24 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto pulse

But still:
When using a signal source directly to the audio sink it will work.
But if i put in Rationel Resampler, there will be no sound or a
RuntimeError, if resampler interpolation is not set to 48K.
So i.e. source = 480k and resampler decimate with 480 (=1000) and
interpolation is set to 48 (=48000), it will create an error.
It's very strange.

Best regards
Robin.


Den 20-02-2017 kl. 01:33 skrev Cinaed Simson:
> My guess is you have pulse audio installed but it won't let you use the
> audio devices because you're not logged into the console on the pi3.
>
> Type
>
>    ps -ef | grep pulse
>
> which should return entries similar to
>
>    /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
>    /bin/sh /usr/bin/start-pulseaudio-x11
>
> Note, if pulse-audio is the problem, then you need to log into the
> console and change your audio device to 'pulse' before trying it again.
>
> -- Cinaed
>
>
> On 02/19/2017 12:17 PM, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > Hello Marcus.
> >
> > I've haven't copy  pasted!
> > I made it from a tutorial and it will work on Window 10 machine. :-)
> >
> > Now i have tried your suggestion and the RuntimeError is till persist.
> > But you lost min the part, about moving the resampler in front of WBFM.
> > I did it and the Runtime error is still presentet.
> >
> > But i'm sure that there is a bug in the debian versin of GNU Radio
> > Companion 3.7.5 when using Rationel Resampler.
> > It's making no sense. I have understood the concept of Decimating and
> > Interpolation.
> > I now have done some test with exactly the same simple setup on Windows
> > 10 and RPi 3 Jessie.
> > On Windows:
> > Souce: resample 480 k Waveform: Cosine, Freq: 1k->
> > Rationel Resampler: Decimation 480 (= 1000), Interpolation 48 (=48.000) ->
> > Audio Sink: Sample Rate: 48k
> >
> > It will produce a tone of 1 KHz.
> >
> > Doing precise the same on RPi 3:
> > RuntimeError: audio_alsa_sink
> > Only when Rationel Resampler is set to: Interpolation 48000,
> > It will run, but if Decimation is 480 (= 1000 -> 1000 * 48000) it will
> > sound like a metronome!
> > If i'll set it as it should be: Decimation: 4800 (=1000) and
> > Interpolation: 48 (48 * 1000 = 48 KHz)
> > It will throw RuntimeError: audio_alsa_sink.
> >
> > I've tried many different settings Rationel Resampler and if
> > Interpolation is not set to 48000, it will create and RuntimeError.
> >
> > If i do the test on windows with:
> > Source: sample rate: 48k -> Rationel Resampler: Interpolation: 1,
> > Decimation: 1 -> Audio Sink
> > It will work and procuce 1KHz tone.
> >
> > Doing the same on RPi 3:
> > And it throws a RuntimeError.
> > If I then change Rationel Resampler: Interpolation 48000
> > It will run without RuntimeError and with no sound!
> >
> > So i'll think this is not about a copy / paste error.
> > All block used in these test, are with the same Types float 32.
> >
> > So i'm quit sure that is something wrong with the Rationel Resampler
> > block i RPi - Jessie version.
> >
> > Best regards
> > Robin.
> >
> > Den 19-02-2017 kl. 20:39 skrev Marcus Müller:
> > > *high five*, got it to work!
> > >
> > > So, why the rational resampler?! makes no sense, especially since both
> > > interpolation and decimation need to be integers; since it doesn't make
> > > sense mathematical, is it possible you did something slightly different
> > > on Windows?
> > >
> > > Resamplers are *only* necessary to convert a signal from one sampling
> > > rate to another mathematically, without changing the signal's content.
> > > The rate change is interpolation/decimation. If your original signal is
> > > already at the right sampling rate, adding a resampler in between will
> > > only *break* things.
> > >
> > > The RuntimeError has something to do with how you configure the audio
> > > sink. so, you need to use exactly the same config, ie. 2 inputs, hw:0,
> > > sampling rate 48000. It doesn't come from having the wrong kind of
> > > resampling before that. GNU Radio blocks really don't care at all about
> > > what happens upstream. They get a series of numbers they process.
> > >
> > > There's no reason for multiple resamplers. Please take this as a
> > > constructive criticism: You must stop using a copy and paste approach,
> > > and go for an understanding-based approach.
> > >
> > > So let's work from the ends: We know we have an audio sink that we need
> > > to run at 48000 as sampling rate, and in the end, we'll need to connect
> > > that to a RTL source that gives us 2 MS/s. So in total, from source to
> > > sink, we need a resampling ratio of 2e6/48e3. I'll do it the boring way
> > > here, by using a prime factorization of both, to figure out how we can
> > > group these:
> > >
> > > 2e6 = 2 · 10⁶ = 2 · (2·5)⁶
> > > = 5⁶ · 2⁶
> > >
> > > 48e3 = 48 · 10³ = 3 · 16 · (2·5)³ = 3 · 2⁴ · 2³ · 5³
> > > = 5³ · 3 · 2⁷
> > >
> > > Let's divide these two numbers so that we know what our overall
> > > resampling ratio is:
> > >
> > > 2e6/48e3 = (5⁶ · 2⁶)/(5³ · 3 · 2⁷) and cancelling out everything that's
> > > possible to cancel
> > > 5³ / (3 · 2)
> > >
> > > So what we need is a decimation of 5³ = 125 and an interpolation of 6.
> > > Awesome! Let's make that happen.
> > >
> > > We know that we have at least one block that we need to use between RTL
> > > source and Audio sink: the WBFM receive. Let's plug that directly into
> > > the Audio Sink. That means we know its output rate, because it *must* be
> > > the 48k that said audio sink consumes. Ok, let's see, we need to
> > > decimate by 5³ in total, so let's put the "Audio Decimation" to 5 here.
> > > That leaves us with still 5² to decimate, and 6 to interpolate. (we also
> > > can directly calculate that the *input* of the WBFM receive must be 5 ·
> > > 48kS/s = 240 kS/s). And since we have two channels on our audio sink,
> > > connect the both Audio sink inputs to the one autput of WBFM receive.
> > >
> > > Well, then, let's do that: add a rational resampler that has decimation
> > > = 25 and interpolation = 6. Connect its output directly to WBFM receive,
> > > and its input to the RTL source. Done!
> > >
> > >
> > > Best regards,
> > >
> > > Marcus
> > >
> > >
> > > On 19.02.2017 19:42, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > > > Hello again.
> > > >
> > > > Now i've a little test.
> > > > Signal Source: sample rate: 48k, Waveform: Cosine, freq: 1k amplitude:
> > > > 1 ->
> > > >
> > > > Audio Sink: Samp_rate: 48 k, Devicename: hw:0 (with 2 inputs)
> > > >
> > > > And that is a succes! There a sound.
> > > > It will only run with 48k as sample rate.
> > > > So now we know there are an output for real. :-)
> > > >
> > > > But if i put in Rationel Resampler: Interpolation: 1 / 48k,
> > > > Decimation: 1 and Source is 48k.
> > > > There is no sound..??
> > > > No mather how i fidle around with the values.
> > > > I've tried with different settings for the Sampler and also Rationel
> > > > Resampler Base, with no change regard to the output.
> > > > I find it really strange as the Rationel Resampler is working on a
> > > > Windows 10.
> > > >
> > > > I then whent back to my WBFM setup and remove the resampler and run it
> > > > direcly from WBFM to Auduo Sink,
> > > > and then the RuntimeError came back :-(
> > > >
> > > > Best regard
> > > > Robin.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Den 19-02-2017 kl. 18:06 skrev Marcus Müller:
> > > > > Hi Robin,
> > > > >
> > > > > Progress! (and you really don't have to try anything in lower- AND
> > > > > uppercase. the names are simply case-sensitive, so use them **exactly**
> > > > > like aplay -L lists them. Everything else can't work. There's really no
> > > > > magic involved here! Stop googling stuff that you copy and paste.
> > > > > You've
> > > > > got a discrete problem on *your* machine, and you can solve it, so copy
> > > > > and pasting device strings that work on other people's computer's is
> > > > > really not that helpful.)
> > > > >
> > > > > > It returns: check topology failed on on audio_alsa_sink(8) using
> > > > > > ninputs=1, noutputs=0
> > > > > Now that means you're using a device it can find. so: yeah, we're doing
> > > > > something right. I'd really recommend you stick with "pulse", as that
> > > > > will make sure of mixing all the audio streams other programs produce
> > > > > together with yours and you'll not compete for exclusive access to the
> > > > > audio device. It *should* give you at least the same check_topology
> > > > > error. Can you please confirm that?
> > > > >
> > > > > Best regards,
> > > > >
> > > > > Marcus
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On 19.02.2017 16:42, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > > > > > Hey Marcus.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Have tried that.
> > > > > > In documentation for the block:
> > > > > > pulse , hw:0,0 , plughw:0,0 , surround51 , /dev/dsp
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I've tried every single one of them with lowercase and upper case.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > If i use: hw:0,0
> > > > > > It returns: check topology failed on on audio_alsa_sink(8) using
> > > > > > ninputs=1, noutputs=0
> > > > > > If I use: HW:0,0
> > > > > > It returns: RuntimeError: audio_alsa_sink.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I've also tried with: HW:0,1 , HW:1,0 , HW:0.1 , HW:1.0 also in lower
> > > > > > case.
> > > > > > I've been tried to google with different search terms with no luck.
> > > > > > That's why I ended up on this mailing list.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > GNU Radio is downloaded from rpi Jessie repository with apt-get
> > > > > > install gnuradio.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > Robin.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Den 19-02-2017 kl. 16:25 skrev Marcus Müller:
> > > > > > > Hm, that looks like there's no HW in the list, so that would be an
> > > > > > > initial debugging success!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > So, the easiest is probably if you just use "pulse" in the Device
> > > > > > > Name
> > > > > > > field.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Best regards,
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Marcus
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On 19.02.2017 16:15, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > > > > > > > Yes of course.
> > > > > > > > Here we go:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > aplay -L
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > null
> > > > > > > >         Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples
> > > > > > > > (capture)
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > pulse
> > > > > > > >         PulseAudio Sound Server
> > > > > > > > sysdefault:CARD=ALSA
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 ALSA
> > > > > > > >         Default Audio Device
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > dmix:CARD=ALSA,DEV=0
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 ALSA
> > > > > > > >         Direct sample mixing device
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > dmix:CARD=ALSA,DEV=1
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 IEC958/HDMI
> > > > > > > >         Direct sample mixing device
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > dsnoop:CARD=ALSA,DEV=0
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 ALSA
> > > > > > > >         Direct sample snooping device
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > dsnoop:CARD=ALSA,DEV=1
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 IEC958/HDMI
> > > > > > > >         Direct sample snooping device
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > hw:CARD=ALSA,DEV=0
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 ALSA
> > > > > > > >         Direct hardware device without any conversions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > hw:CARD=ALSA,DEV=1
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 IEC958/HDMI
> > > > > > > >         Direct hardware device without any conversions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > plughw:CARD=ALSA,DEV=0
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 ALSA
> > > > > > > >         Hardware device with all software conversions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > plughw:CARD=ALSA,DEV=1
> > > > > > > >         bcm2835 ALSA, bcm2835 IEC958/HDMI
> > > > > > > >         Hardware device with all software conversions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > If i use @: speaker-test -f 800 -t sinus -r 48000 -c 1-s 1
> > > > > > > > I'll get a fine sinus tone.
> > > > > > > > So there are sound through the system.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > Robin.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Den 19-02-2017 kl. 15:48 skrev Marcus Müller:
> > > > > > > > > You're right, we should tackle this more systematically.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > My problem is that I don't have a RPi3 to play around with at hand,
> > > > > > > > > so I
> > > > > > > > > have to trust you on the "HW:0,0"; it's not a very typical string,
> > > > > > > > > through, as most alsa device names are lowercase. Could you share
> > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > output of "aplay -L" with us?
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Best regards,
> > > > > > > > > Marcus
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > On 19.02.2017 15:16, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > Hello Marcus.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Thanks for your reply and your welcomming to the community.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > I've made the changes as suggested.
> > > > > > > > > > Also i've made a setup on a Windows 10 machine, to ensure the
> > > > > > > > > > script
> > > > > > > > > > runs.
> > > > > > > > > > With the changes the sound is much better! :-)
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > But when i run the same setup on RPi 3 / Jessie-distro i've end up
> > > > > > > > > > with the same result, no matter what I do with the Audio sink.
> > > > > > > > > > I'm using Gnu Radio Companion 3.7.5
> > > > > > > > > > The error code is still:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > ALSA libpcm.c2239:)snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM HW:0,0
> > > > > > > > > > <-- 10
> > > > > > > > > > times this line
> > > > > > > > > > gr::log :ERROR: audio_alsa_sink0 - [HW:0,0]: No such file or
> > > > > > > > > > directory.
> > > > > > > > > > File "/home/pi/radio/top_block.py", line133, in <module>
> > > > > > > > > >       tb= top_block()
> > > > > > > > > > File "/home/pi/radio/top_block.py", line82, in __init__
> > > > > > > > > > self.audio_sink_0 = audio.sink(48000, "HW:0,0", True)
> > > > > > > > > > File
> > > > > > > > > > "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gnuradio/audio/audio_swig.py",
> > > > > > > > > > line 195, in make
> > > > > > > > > > return _ausio_swig.sink_make(*args, **kwargs)
> > > > > > > > > > RuntimeError: audio_alsa_sink
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > I know is alwayes is eassy to blame the software, but could it
> > > > > > > > > > be a
> > > > > > > > > > bug?
> > > > > > > > > > As i said. i've tried with all the suggested lines from
> > > > > > > > > > documentation
> > > > > > > > > > of the block.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > > > Robin.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Den 18-02-2017 kl. 18:17 skrev Marcus Müller:
> > > > > > > > > > > Hi Robin,
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > first of all: Welcome to the GNU Radio community!
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > On 02/18/2017 05:29 PM, Robin A. Jensen wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > > > Hello all of you.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > I've just recieved my RTL-SDR dongle and is all new to this
> > > > > > > > > > > > sdr-stuff,
> > > > > > > > > > > > so please bear over with me, if i'm at the wrong place.
> > > > > > > > > > > > I'm using GNU Radio Companion on a RPi 3 and no mather what i'll
> > > > > > > > > > > > do, i
> > > > > > > > > > > > can't get the sound to work.
> > > > > > > > > > > > If a'im using rtl_fm and aplay, i'll get sound but it won't
> > > > > > > > > > > > set on
> > > > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > > > radiostation.
> > > > > > > > > > > aha, so that's good, the sound system as it does work.
> > > > > > > > > > > You'll probably want to use "aplay -L" to find the possible ALSA
> > > > > > > > > > > device
> > > > > > > > > > > names that you can use in the GNU Radio Audio sink.
> > > > > > > > > > > > I'll take on that later.
> > > > > > > > > > > > I've createt a small FM Reciever in GNU Radio companion and
> > > > > > > > > > > > everytime
> > > > > > > > > > > > i'll execute the script i'll get an error:
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > RuntimeError.audio.alsa.sink
> > > > > > > > > > > Hm, I've never seen a GNU Radio error being printed like this;
> > > > > > > > > > > but
> > > > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > > > might just be me. However, I can't reproduce this error printing
> > > > > > > > > > > shape
> > > > > > > > > > > as hard as I try.
> > > > > > > > > > > > I've been all over the internet to find a solution but with no
> > > > > > > > > > > > luck.
> > > > > > > > > > > > So now i'm have a hope that this mailling list can help me?
> > > > > > > > > > > My suspicion is that your audio device doesn't like the sampling
> > > > > > > > > > > rate
> > > > > > > > > > > your trying to use, or you need to specify a device name (or
> > > > > > > > > > > both).
> > > > > > > > > > > Can
> > > > > > > > > > > you make things work on the PC you use to design these flow
> > > > > > > > > > > graphs?
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > I'd start with a signal source (sampling rate == the sampling
> > > > > > > > > > > rate
> > > > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > > > you set in your Audio sink), configured to produce a "float"
> > > > > > > > > > > output
> > > > > > > > > > > sine
> > > > > > > > > > > of 1 kHz, directly connected to an Audio sink. If that works,
> > > > > > > > > > > move on.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > What I say about the flow graph in the following has, as far as I
> > > > > > > > > > > can
> > > > > > > > > > > tell, nothing to do with the error you're getting. Still, there's
> > > > > > > > > > > mistakes in the flow graph that would make it impossible to
> > > > > > > > > > > successfully
> > > > > > > > > > > run it, and thus I'd like to avoid frustration later on by
> > > > > > > > > > > pointing
> > > > > > > > > > > them
> > > > > > > > > > > out know:
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > So, the main issue with your flow graph is that the sampling rate
> > > > > > > > > > > at the
> > > > > > > > > > > audio sink must be what you configured your audio sink for (48
> > > > > > > > > > > kHz).
> > > > > > > > > > > But: that rate is the result of your SDR's sampling rate (2MS/s),
> > > > > > > > > > > multiplied with all interpolations, divided by all decimations in
> > > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > > path between.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > My setup is:
> > > > > > > > > > > > RTL-SDR Source: samplerate:  2M, frequency 96.5 MHz ->
> > > > > > > > > > > > Rationel Sampler: Interpolation 4, Decimation: 1 ->
> > > > > > > > > > > Uh, that means that you have now 8MS/s. That seems unnecessary,
> > > > > > > > > > > since to
> > > > > > > > > > > capture a <100 kHz wide FM channel, you wouldn't even need the
> > > > > > > > > > > 2MS/s
> > > > > > > > > > > you get
> > > > > > > > > > > > Low Pass Filter: Sample rate: 2M, Cutoff freq: 100K, Transition
> > > > > > > > > > > > Width:
> > > > > > > > > > > > 100k ->
> > > > > > > > > > > Which contradicts the 2MS/s used here, so you're actually getting
> > > > > > > > > > > 400kHz
> > > > > > > > > > > passband width, 400kHz transition width. Also, this feels like a
> > > > > > > > > > > prime
> > > > > > > > > > > candidate for including decimation in the filter (because the
> > > > > > > > > > > resulting
> > > > > > > > > > > bandwidth is 200 kHz (if you overlap the two transition widths),
> > > > > > > > > > > and for
> > > > > > > > > > > that you'd only need 200 kS/s of complex digital signal).
> > > > > > > > > > > > WBFM Recive: Quadrature: 500K, Audio Decimation: 1 ->
> > > > > > > > > > > This is now off by a factor of 16; are you sure you should be
> > > > > > > > > > > using
> > > > > > > > > > > "interpolation=4,decimation=1" instead of the inverse?
> > > > > > > > > > > > Rationel Sampler: Interpolation: 500
> > > > > > > > > > > Certainly not :) 8 MS/s · 500 = 4 GS/s
> > > > > > > > > > > > Decimation: 48
> > > > > > > > > > > Aside from that not even having greatest common denominator of 1
> > > > > > > > > > > with
> > > > > > > > > > > 500 (you can't know that this is important, not blaming you),
> > > > > > > > > > > this
> > > > > > > > > > > would
> > > > > > > > > > > give you an output sampling rate of 4GS/s/48 = 1 GS/s / 12 =
> > > > > > > > > > > 83.333
> > > > > > > > > > > MS/s. Which isn't even a multiple of 48 kHz, which you use in the
> > > > > > > > > > > audio
> > > > > > > > > > > sink:
> > > > > > > > > > > > ->
> > > > > > > > > > > > Audio Sink: Sample Rate: 48 KHz, Device Name: HW:0,0
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > I've found that recipie on a Hack5 video and there it's working
> > > > > > > > > > > I think there's some error in the way you configured these
> > > > > > > > > > > resamplers. I
> > > > > > > > > > > don't know the Video you're referring to, but the amount of
> > > > > > > > > > > rational
> > > > > > > > > > > resamplers used here alone, paired with the fact that you don't
> > > > > > > > > > > decimate
> > > > > > > > > > > in the WBFM receiver makes me kind of suspicious this might not
> > > > > > > > > > > have
> > > > > > > > > > > been the optimal video to take reference designs from!
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > Best regards,
> > > > > > > > > > > Marcus
> > > > > > > > > > > > With best regards
> > > > > > > > > > > > Robin.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________
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