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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/custom.texi [lexbind]
From: |
Miles Bader |
Subject: |
[Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/custom.texi [lexbind] |
Date: |
Wed, 08 Dec 2004 18:57:56 -0500 |
Index: emacs/man/custom.texi
diff -c emacs/man/custom.texi:1.48.2.10 emacs/man/custom.texi:1.48.2.11
*** emacs/man/custom.texi:1.48.2.10 Wed Oct 6 05:21:53 2004
--- emacs/man/custom.texi Wed Dec 8 23:36:28 2004
***************
*** 27,32 ****
--- 27,34 ----
@menu
* Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
independently of any others.
+ * Easy Customization::
+ Convenient way to browse and change user options.
* Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
to decide what to do; by setting variables,
you can control their functioning.
***************
*** 171,302 ****
The advantage of Transient Mark mode is that Emacs can display the
region highlighted (currently only when using X). @xref{Mark}.
- @node Variables
- @section Variables
- @cindex variable
- @cindex option, user
- @cindex user option
-
- A @dfn{variable} is a Lisp symbol which has a value. The symbol's
- name is also called the name of the variable. A variable name can
- contain any characters that can appear in a file, but conventionally
- variable names consist of words separated by hyphens. A variable can
- have a documentation string which describes what kind of value it should
- have and how the value will be used.
-
- Lisp allows any variable to have any kind of value, but most variables
- that Emacs uses require a value of a certain type. Often the value should
- always be a string, or should always be a number. Sometimes we say that a
- certain feature is turned on if a variable is address@hidden,'' meaning
- that if the variable's value is @code{nil}, the feature is off, but the
- feature is on for @emph{any} other value. The conventional value to use to
- turn on the feature---since you have to pick one particular value when you
- set the variable---is @code{t}.
-
- Emacs uses many Lisp variables for internal record keeping, as any
- Lisp program must, but the most interesting variables for you are the
- ones that exist for the sake of customization. Emacs does not (usually)
- change the values of these variables; instead, you set the values, and
- thereby alter and control the behavior of certain Emacs commands. These
- variables are called @dfn{user options}. Most user options are
- documented in this manual, and appear in the Variable Index
- (@pxref{Variable Index}).
-
- One example of a variable which is a user option is @code{fill-column},
which
- specifies the position of the right margin (as a number of characters from
- the left margin) to be used by the fill commands (@pxref{Filling}).
-
- @menu
- * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
- * Easy Customization::
- Convenient and easy customization of variables.
- * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
- of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
- * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
- * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
- @end menu
-
- @node Examining
- @subsection Examining and Setting Variables
- @cindex setting variables
-
- @table @kbd
- @item C-h v @var{var} @key{RET}
- Display the value and documentation of variable @var{var}
- (@code{describe-variable}).
- @item M-x set-variable @key{RET} @var{var} @key{RET} @var{value} @key{RET}
- Change the value of variable @var{var} to @var{value}.
- @end table
-
- To examine the value of a single variable, use @kbd{C-h v}
- (@code{describe-variable}), which reads a variable name using the
- minibuffer, with completion. It displays both the value and the
- documentation of the variable. For example,
-
- @example
- C-h v fill-column @key{RET}
- @end example
-
- @noindent
- displays something like this:
-
- @smallexample
- fill-column's value is 70
-
- Documentation:
- *Column beyond which automatic line-wrapping should happen.
- Automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion.
- @end smallexample
-
- @noindent
- The star at the beginning of the documentation indicates that this
- variable is a user option. @kbd{C-h v} is not restricted to user
- options; it allows any variable name.
-
- @findex set-variable
- The most convenient way to set a specific user option is with @kbd{M-x
- set-variable}. This reads the variable name with the minibuffer (with
- completion), and then reads a Lisp expression for the new value using
- the minibuffer a second time. For example,
-
- @example
- M-x set-variable @key{RET} fill-column @key{RET} 75 @key{RET}
- @end example
-
- @noindent
- sets @code{fill-column} to 75.
-
- @kbd{M-x set-variable} is limited to user option variables, but you can
- set any variable with a Lisp expression, using the function @code{setq}.
- Here is a @code{setq} expression to set @code{fill-column}:
-
- @example
- (setq fill-column 75)
- @end example
-
- To execute an expression like this one, go to the @samp{*scratch*}
- buffer, type in the expression, and then type @kbd{C-j}. @xref{Lisp
- Interaction}.
-
- Setting variables, like all means of customizing Emacs except where
- otherwise stated, affects only the current Emacs session.
-
@node Easy Customization
! @subsection Easy Customization Interface
@findex customize
@cindex customization buffer
! A convenient way to find the user option variables that you want to
! change, and then change them, is with @kbd{M-x customize}. This
! command creates a @dfn{customization buffer} with which you can browse
! through the Emacs user options in a logically organized structure,
! then edit and set their values. You can also use the customization
! buffer to save settings permanently in your @file{~/.emacs} file
! (@pxref{Init File}).
!
! The appearance of the example buffers in the following is typically
! different under a window system where faces can be used to indicate the
! active fields and other features.
@menu
* Groups: Customization Groups.
--- 173,200 ----
The advantage of Transient Mark mode is that Emacs can display the
region highlighted (currently only when using X). @xref{Mark}.
@node Easy Customization
! @section Easy Customization Interface
!
! @cindex user option
! Emacs has many @dfn{user options} which have values that you can set
! in order to customize various commands. Most user options are
! documented in this manual. Each user option is actually a Lisp
! variable (@pxref{Variables}), so their names appear in the Variable
! Index (@pxref{Variable Index}).
@findex customize
@cindex customization buffer
! You can browse interactively through the the user options and change
! some of them using @kbd{M-x customize}. This command creates a
! @dfn{customization buffer}, which offers commands to navigate through
! a logically organized structure of the Emacs user options; you can
! also use it to edit and set their values, and to save settings
! permanently in your @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{Init File}).
!
! The appearance of the example buffers in this section is typically
! different under a window system, since faces are then used to indicate
! the active fields and other features.
@menu
* Groups: Customization Groups.
***************
*** 309,315 ****
@end menu
@node Customization Groups
! @subsubsection Customization Groups
@cindex customization groups
For customization purposes, user options are organized into
--- 207,213 ----
@end menu
@node Customization Groups
! @subsection Customization Groups
@cindex customization groups
For customization purposes, user options are organized into
***************
*** 389,395 ****
This is the way to set values in it.
@node Changing an Option
! @subsubsection Changing an Option
Here is an example of what a user option looks like in the
customization buffer:
--- 287,293 ----
This is the way to set values in it.
@node Changing an Option
! @subsection Changing an Option
Here is an example of what a user option looks like in the
customization buffer:
***************
*** 411,417 ****
option yet. The word @samp{[State]} at the beginning of this line is
active; you can get a menu of various operations by invoking it with
@kbd{Mouse-1} or @key{RET}. These operations are essential for
! customizing the variable.
The line after the @samp{[State]} line displays the beginning of the
option's documentation string. If there are more lines of
--- 309,315 ----
option yet. The word @samp{[State]} at the beginning of this line is
active; you can get a menu of various operations by invoking it with
@kbd{Mouse-1} or @key{RET}. These operations are essential for
! customizing the user option.
The line after the @samp{[State]} line displays the beginning of the
option's documentation string. If there are more lines of
***************
*** 430,436 ****
@end smallexample
@cindex setting option value
! Editing the value does not actually set the option variable. To do
that, you must @dfn{set} the option. To do this, invoke the word
@samp{[State]} and choose @samp{Set for Current Session}.
--- 328,334 ----
@end smallexample
@cindex setting option value
! Editing the value does not actually set the option. To do
that, you must @dfn{set} the option. To do this, invoke the word
@samp{[State]} and choose @samp{Set for Current Session}.
***************
*** 523,529 ****
@dfn{saving} the value changes it for future sessions as well. To
save the option, invoke @samp{[State]} and select the @samp{Save for
Future Sessions} operation. This works by writing code so as to set
! the option variable again each time you start Emacs (@pxref{Saving
Customizations}).
You can also restore the option to its standard value by invoking
--- 421,427 ----
@dfn{saving} the value changes it for future sessions as well. To
save the option, invoke @samp{[State]} and select the @samp{Save for
Future Sessions} operation. This works by writing code so as to set
! the option again, each time you start Emacs (@pxref{Saving
Customizations}).
You can also restore the option to its standard value by invoking
***************
*** 547,554 ****
@item Use Backup Value
This sets the option to a previous value that was set in the
! customization buffer in this session. If you customize a variable
! and then reset the variable, which discards the customized value,
you can get the customized value back again with this operation.
@end table
--- 445,452 ----
@item Use Backup Value
This sets the option to a previous value that was set in the
! customization buffer in this session. If you customize an option
! and then reset it, which discards the customized value,
you can get the customized value back again with this operation.
@end table
***************
*** 583,589 ****
set, saved or reset.
@node Saving Customizations
! @subsubsection Saving Customizations
@vindex custom-file
The customization buffer normally saves customizations in
--- 481,487 ----
set, saved or reset.
@node Saving Customizations
! @subsection Saving Customizations
@vindex custom-file
The customization buffer normally saves customizations in
***************
*** 615,621 ****
customizations you might have on your init file.
@node Face Customization
! @subsubsection Customizing Faces
@cindex customizing faces
@cindex bold font
@cindex italic font
--- 513,519 ----
customizations you might have on your init file.
@node Face Customization
! @subsection Customizing Faces
@cindex customizing faces
@cindex bold font
@cindex italic font
***************
*** 676,682 ****
to clear out the attribute.
@node Specific Customization
! @subsubsection Customizing Specific Items
Instead of finding the options you want to change by moving down
through the structure of groups, you can specify the particular option,
--- 574,580 ----
to clear out the attribute.
@node Specific Customization
! @subsection Customizing Specific Items
Instead of finding the options you want to change by moving down
through the structure of groups, you can specify the particular option,
***************
*** 704,710 ****
@end table
@findex customize-option
! If you want to alter a particular user option variable with the
customization buffer, and you know its name, you can use the command
@kbd{M-x customize-option} and specify the option name. This sets up
the customization buffer with just one option---the one that you asked
--- 602,608 ----
@end table
@findex customize-option
! If you want to alter a particular user option with the
customization buffer, and you know its name, you can use the command
@kbd{M-x customize-option} and specify the option name. This sets up
the customization buffer with just one option---the one that you asked
***************
*** 719,725 ****
@findex customize-group
You can also set up the customization buffer with a specific group,
using @kbd{M-x customize-group}. The immediate contents of the chosen
! group, including option variables, faces, and other groups, all appear
as well. However, these subgroups' own contents start out hidden. You
can show their contents in the usual way, by invoking @samp{[Show]}.
--- 617,623 ----
@findex customize-group
You can also set up the customization buffer with a specific group,
using @kbd{M-x customize-group}. The immediate contents of the chosen
! group, including user options, faces, and other groups, all appear
as well. However, these subgroups' own contents start out hidden. You
can show their contents in the usual way, by invoking @samp{[Show]}.
***************
*** 747,752 ****
--- 645,755 ----
saved. Use @kbd{M-x customize-customized} to look at the options and
faces that you have set but not saved.
+ @node Variables
+ @section Variables
+ @cindex variable
+ @cindex option, user
+ @cindex user option
+
+ A @dfn{variable} is a Lisp symbol which has a value. The symbol's
+ name is also called the name of the variable. A variable name can
+ contain any characters that can appear in a file, but conventionally
+ variable names consist of words separated by hyphens. A variable can
+ have a documentation string which describes what kind of value it should
+ have and how the value will be used.
+
+ Lisp allows any variable to have any kind of value, but most variables
+ that Emacs uses need a value of a certain type. Often the value should
+ always be a string, or should always be a number. Sometimes we say that a
+ certain feature is turned on if a variable is address@hidden,'' meaning
+ that if the variable's value is @code{nil}, the feature is off, but the
+ feature is on for @emph{any} other value. The conventional value to use to
+ turn on the feature---since you have to pick one particular value when you
+ set the variable---is @code{t}.
+
+ Emacs uses many Lisp variables for internal record keeping, but the
+ most interesting variables for a non-programmer user are the @dfn{user
+ options}, the variables that are meant for users to change. Each user
+ option that you can set with the customization buffer is, in fact, a
+ Lisp variable. Emacs does not (usually) change the values of these
+ variables; instead, you set the values, and thereby alter and control
+ the behavior of certain Emacs commands. Use of the customization
+ buffer is explained above; here we describe other aspects of Emacs
+ variables.
+
+ @menu
+ * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
+ * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
+ of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
+ * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
+ * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
+ @end menu
+
+ @node Examining
+ @subsection Examining and Setting Variables
+ @cindex setting variables
+
+ @table @kbd
+ @item C-h v @var{var} @key{RET}
+ Display the value and documentation of variable @var{var}
+ (@code{describe-variable}).
+ @item M-x set-variable @key{RET} @var{var} @key{RET} @var{value} @key{RET}
+ Change the value of variable @var{var} to @var{value}.
+ @end table
+
+ To examine the value of a single variable, use @kbd{C-h v}
+ (@code{describe-variable}), which reads a variable name using the
+ minibuffer, with completion. It displays both the value and the
+ documentation of the variable. For example,
+
+ @example
+ C-h v fill-column @key{RET}
+ @end example
+
+ @noindent
+ displays something like this:
+
+ @smallexample
+ fill-column's value is 70
+
+ Documentation:
+ *Column beyond which automatic line-wrapping should happen.
+ Automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion.
+ @end smallexample
+
+ @noindent
+ The star at the beginning of the documentation indicates that this
+ variable is a user option. @kbd{C-h v} is not restricted to user
+ options; it allows any variable name.
+
+ @findex set-variable
+ The most convenient way to set a specific user option is with @kbd{M-x
+ set-variable}. This reads the variable name with the minibuffer (with
+ completion), and then reads a Lisp expression for the new value using
+ the minibuffer a second time. For example,
+
+ @example
+ M-x set-variable @key{RET} fill-column @key{RET} 75 @key{RET}
+ @end example
+
+ @noindent
+ sets @code{fill-column} to 75.
+
+ @kbd{M-x set-variable} is limited to user option variables, but you can
+ set any variable with a Lisp expression, using the function @code{setq}.
+ Here is a @code{setq} expression to set @code{fill-column}:
+
+ @example
+ (setq fill-column 75)
+ @end example
+
+ To execute an expression like this one, go to the @samp{*scratch*}
+ buffer, type in the expression, and then type @kbd{C-j}. @xref{Lisp
+ Interaction}.
+
+ Setting variables, like all means of customizing Emacs except where
+ otherwise stated, affects only the current Emacs session.
+
@node Hooks
@subsection Hooks
@cindex hook
***************
*** 961,967 ****
You can also specify the coding system for a file in this way: just
specify a value for the ``variable'' named @code{coding}. The ``value''
must be a coding system name that Emacs recognizes. @xref{Coding
! Systems}.
The @code{eval} pseudo-variable, described below, can be specified in
the first line as well.
--- 964,971 ----
You can also specify the coding system for a file in this way: just
specify a value for the ``variable'' named @code{coding}. The ``value''
must be a coding system name that Emacs recognizes. @xref{Coding
! Systems}. @address@hidden: t}} specifies unibyte loading for a
! particular Lisp file. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}.
The @code{eval} pseudo-variable, described below, can be specified in
the first line as well.
***************
*** 1022,1035 ****
# End:
@end example
! Two ``variable names'' have special meanings in a local variables
list: a value for the variable @code{mode} really sets the major mode,
and a value for the variable @code{eval} is simply evaluated as an
! expression and the value is ignored. @code{mode} and @code{eval} are
! not real variables; setting variables named @code{mode} and @code{eval}
! in any other context has no special meaning. @emph{If @code{mode} is
! used to set a major mode, it should be the first ``variable'' in the
! list.} Otherwise, the entries that precede it in the list of the local
variables are likely to be ignored, since most modes kill all local
variables as part of their initialization.
--- 1026,1040 ----
# End:
@end example
! Some ``variable names'' have special meanings in a local variables
list: a value for the variable @code{mode} really sets the major mode,
and a value for the variable @code{eval} is simply evaluated as an
! expression and the value is ignored. @code{coding}, @code{unibyte},
! @code{mode} and @code{eval} are not real variables; setting variables
! named @code{coding}, @code{unibyte}, @code{mode} and @code{eval} in any
! other context has no special meaning. @emph{If @code{mode} is used to
! set a major mode, it should be the first ``variable'' in the list.}
! Otherwise, the entries that precede it in the list of the local
variables are likely to be ignored, since most modes kill all local
variables as part of their initialization.
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Miles Bader <=