[Emacs-diffs] Changes to basic.texi

[Glenn Morris]

CVSROOT:        /sources/emacs
Module name:    emacs
Changes by:     Glenn Morris <gm>       07/09/06 04:33:49

Index: basic.texi
===================================================================
RCS file: basic.texi
diff -N basic.texi
--- basic.texi  17 Aug 2007 19:27:23 -0000      1.69
+++ /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,776 +0,0 @@
address@hidden This is part of the Emacs manual.
address@hidden Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 
2001,
address@hidden   2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc.
address@hidden See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
address@hidden Basic, Minibuffer, Exiting, Top
address@hidden Basic Editing Commands
-
address@hidden C-h t
address@hidden help-with-tutorial
-  Here we explain the basics of how to enter text, make corrections,
-and save the text in a file.  If this material is new to you, we
-suggest you first run the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial, by typing
address@hidden t} inside Emacs.  (@code{help-with-tutorial}).
-
-  To clear and redisplay the screen, type @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}).
-
address@hidden
-
-* Inserting Text::      Inserting text by simply typing it.
-* Moving Point::        Moving the cursor to the place where you want to
-                         change something.
-* Erasing::            Deleting and killing text.
-* Basic Undo::         Undoing recent changes in the text.
-* Files: Basic Files.   Visiting, creating, and saving files.
-* Help: Basic Help.     Asking what a character does.
-* Blank Lines::                Making and deleting blank lines.
-* Continuation Lines::  How Emacs displays lines too wide for the screen.
-* Position Info::       What page, line, row, or column is point on?
-* Arguments::          Numeric arguments for repeating a command N times.
-* Repeating::           Repeating the previous command quickly.
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Inserting Text
address@hidden Inserting Text
-
address@hidden insertion
address@hidden graphic characters
-  Typing printing characters inserts them into the text you are
-editing.  It inserts them into the buffer at the cursor; more
-precisely, it inserts them at @dfn{point}, but the cursor normally
-shows where point is.  @xref{Point}.
-
-  Insertion moves the cursor forward, and the following text moves
-forward with the cursor.  If the text in the buffer is @samp{FOOBAR},
-with the cursor before the @samp{B}, and you type @kbd{XX}, you get
address@hidden, with the cursor still before the @samp{B}.
-
-   To @dfn{delete} text you have just inserted, use the large key
-labeled @key{DEL}, @key{BACKSPACE} or @key{DELETE} which is a short
-distance above the @key{RET} or @key{ENTER} key.  Regardless of the
-label on that key, Emacs thinks of it as @key{DEL}, and that's what we
-call it in this manual.  @key{DEL} is the key you normally use outside
-Emacs to erase the last character that you typed.
-
-  The @key{DEL} key deletes the character @emph{before} the cursor.
-As a consequence, the cursor and all the characters after it move
-backwards.  If you type a printing character and then type @key{DEL},
-they cancel out.
-
-  On most computers, Emacs sets up @key{DEL} automatically.  In some
-cases, especially with text-only terminals, Emacs may guess wrong.  If
-the key that ought to erase the last character doesn't do it in Emacs,
-see @ref{DEL Does Not Delete}.
-
-  Most PC keyboards have both a @key{BACKSPACE} key a little ways
-above @key{RET} or @key{ENTER}, and a @key{DELETE} key elsewhere.  On
-these keyboards, Emacs tries to set up @key{BACKSPACE} as @key{DEL}.
-The @key{DELETE} key deletes ``forwards'' like @kbd{C-d} (see below),
-which means it deletes the character underneath the cursor (after
-point).
-
address@hidden RET
address@hidden newline
-   To end a line and start typing a new one, type @key{RET}.  (This
-key may be labeled @key{RETURN} or @key{ENTER}, but in Emacs we call
-it @key{RET}.)  This inserts a newline character in the buffer.  If
-point is at the end of the line, this creates a new blank line after
-it.  If point is in the middle of a line, the effect is to split that
-line.  Typing @key{DEL} when the cursor is at the beginning of a line
-deletes the preceding newline character, thus joining the line with
-the one before it.
-
-  Emacs can split lines automatically when they become too long, if
-you turn on a special minor mode called @dfn{Auto Fill} mode.
address@hidden, for Auto Fill mode and other methods of @dfn{filling}
-text.
-
-  If you prefer printing characters to replace (overwrite) existing
-text, rather than shove it to the right, you should enable Overwrite
-mode, a minor mode.  @xref{Minor Modes}.
-
address@hidden quoting
address@hidden C-q
address@hidden quoted-insert
-  Only printing characters and @key{SPC} insert themselves in Emacs.
-Other characters act as editing commands and do not insert themselves.
-These include control characters, and characters with codes above 200
-octal.  If you need to insert one of these characters in the buffer,
-you must @dfn{quote} it by typing the character @kbd{Control-q}
-(@code{quoted-insert}) first.  (This character's name is normally
-written @kbd{C-q} for short.)  There are two ways to use
address@hidden:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
address@hidden followed by any non-graphic character (even @kbd{C-g})
-inserts that character.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden followed by a sequence of octal digits inserts the character
-with the specified octal character code.  You can use any number of
-octal digits; any non-digit terminates the sequence.  If the
-terminating character is @key{RET}, it serves only to terminate the
-sequence.  Any other non-digit terminates the sequence and then acts
-as normal input---thus, @kbd{C-q 1 0 1 B} inserts @samp{AB}.
-
-The use of octal sequences is disabled in ordinary non-binary
-Overwrite mode, to give you a convenient way to insert a digit instead
-of overwriting with it.
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden 8-bit character codes
address@hidden
-When multibyte characters are enabled, if you specify a code in the
-range 0200 through 0377 octal, @kbd{C-q} assumes that you intend to
-use some ISO address@hidden character set, and converts the specified
-code to the corresponding Emacs character code.  @xref{Enabling
-Multibyte}.  You select @emph{which} of the ISO 8859 character sets to
-use through your choice of language environment (@pxref{Language
-Environments}).
-
address@hidden read-quoted-char-radix
-To use decimal or hexadecimal instead of octal, set the variable
address@hidden to 10 or 16.  If the radix is greater than
-10, some letters starting with @kbd{a} serve as part of a character
-code, just like digits.
-
-A numeric argument tells @kbd{C-q} how many copies of the quoted
-character to insert (@pxref{Arguments}).
-
address@hidden newline
address@hidden self-insert
-  Customization information: @key{DEL} in most modes runs the command
address@hidden; @key{RET} runs the command
address@hidden, and self-inserting printing characters run the command
address@hidden, which inserts whatever character you typed.  Some
-major modes rebind @key{DEL} to other commands.
-
address@hidden Moving Point
address@hidden Changing the Location of Point
-
address@hidden arrow keys
address@hidden moving point
address@hidden movement
address@hidden cursor motion
address@hidden moving the cursor
-  To do more than insert characters, you have to know how to move point
-(@pxref{Point}).  The simplest way to do this is with arrow keys, or by
-clicking the left mouse button where you want to move to.
-
-  There are also control and meta characters for cursor motion.  Some
-are equivalent to the arrow keys (it is faster to use these control
-keys than move your hand over to the arrow keys).  Others do more
-sophisticated things.
-
address@hidden C-a
address@hidden C-e
address@hidden C-f
address@hidden C-b
address@hidden C-n
address@hidden C-p
address@hidden M->
address@hidden M-<
address@hidden M-r
address@hidden LEFT
address@hidden RIGHT
address@hidden UP
address@hidden DOWN
address@hidden move-beginning-of-line
address@hidden move-end-of-line
address@hidden forward-char
address@hidden backward-char
address@hidden next-line
address@hidden previous-line
address@hidden beginning-of-buffer
address@hidden end-of-buffer
address@hidden goto-char
address@hidden goto-line
address@hidden move-to-window-line
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-a
-Move to the beginning of the line (@code{move-beginning-of-line}).
address@hidden C-e
-Move to the end of the line (@code{move-end-of-line}).
address@hidden C-f
-Move forward one character (@code{forward-char}).  The right-arrow key
-does the same thing.
address@hidden C-b
-Move backward one character (@code{backward-char}).  The left-arrow
-key has the same effect.
address@hidden M-f
-Move forward one word (@code{forward-word}).
address@hidden M-b
-Move backward one word (@code{backward-word}).
address@hidden C-n
-Move down one line vertically (@code{next-line}).  This command
-attempts to keep the horizontal position unchanged, so if you start in
-the middle of one line, you move to the middle of the next.  The
-down-arrow key does the same thing.
address@hidden C-p
-Move up one line, vertically (@code{previous-line}).  The up-arrow key
-has the same effect.  This command preserves position within the line,
-like @kbd{C-n}.
address@hidden M-r
-Move point to left margin, vertically centered in the window
-(@code{move-to-window-line}).  Text does not move on the screen.
-A numeric argument says which screen line to place point on, counting
-downward from the top of the window (zero means the top line).  A
-negative argument counts lines up from the bottom (@minus{}1 means the
-bottom line).
address@hidden M-<
-Move to the top of the buffer (@code{beginning-of-buffer}).  With
-numeric argument @var{n}, move to @var{n}/10 of the way from the top.
address@hidden, for more information on numeric address@hidden
address@hidden M->
-Move to the end of the buffer (@code{end-of-buffer}).
address@hidden C-v
address@hidden @key{PAGEDOWN}
address@hidden @key{PRIOR}
-Scroll the display one screen forward, and move point if necessary to
-put it on the screen (@code{scroll-up}).  This doesn't always move
-point, but it is commonly used to do so.  If your keyboard has a
address@hidden or @key{PRIOR} key, it does the same thing.
-
-Scrolling commands are described further in @ref{Scrolling}.
address@hidden M-v
address@hidden @key{PAGEUP}
address@hidden @key{NEXT}
-Scroll one screen backward, and move point if necessary to put it on
-the screen (@code{scroll-down}).  This doesn't always move point, but
-it is commonly used to do so.  If your keyboard has a @key{PAGEUP} or
address@hidden key, it does the same thing.
address@hidden M-x goto-char
-Read a number @var{n} and move point to buffer position @var{n}.
-Position 1 is the beginning of the buffer.
address@hidden M-g M-g
address@hidden M-g g
address@hidden M-x goto-line
-Read a number @var{n} and move point to the beginning of line number
address@hidden  Line 1 is the beginning of the buffer.  If point is on or
-just after a number in the buffer, and you type @key{RET} with the
-minibuffer empty, that number is used for @var{n}.
address@hidden C-x C-n
address@hidden set-goal-column
address@hidden C-x C-n
-Use the current column of point as the @dfn{semipermanent goal column}
-for @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} (@code{set-goal-column}).  When a
-semipermanent goal column is in effect, those commands always try to
-move to this column, or as close as possible to it, after moving
-vertically.  The goal column remains in effect until canceled.
address@hidden C-u C-x C-n
-Cancel the goal column.  Henceforth, @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} try to
-preserve the horizontal position, as usual.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden track-eol
-  If you set the variable @code{track-eol} to a address@hidden value,
-then @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}, when starting at the end of the line, move
-to the end of another line.  Normally, @code{track-eol} is @code{nil}.
address@hidden, for how to set variables such as @code{track-eol}.
-
address@hidden next-line-add-newlines
-  @kbd{C-n} normally stops at the end of the buffer when you use it on
-the last line of the buffer.  However, if you set the variable
address@hidden to a address@hidden value, @kbd{C-n} on
-the last line of a buffer creates an additional line at the end and
-moves down into it.
-
address@hidden Erasing
address@hidden Erasing Text
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden @key{DEL}
-Delete the character before point (@code{delete-backward-char}).
address@hidden C-d
-Delete the character after point (@code{delete-char}).
address@hidden @key{DELETE}
address@hidden @key{BACKSPACE}
-One of these keys, whichever is the large key above the @key{RET} or
address@hidden key, deletes the character before point---it is @key{DEL}.
-If @key{BACKSPACE} is @key{DEL}, and your keyboard also has @key{DELETE},
-then @key{DELETE} deletes forwards, like @kbd{C-d}.
address@hidden C-k
-Kill to the end of the line (@code{kill-line}).
address@hidden M-d
-Kill forward to the end of the next word (@code{kill-word}).
address@hidden address@hidden
-Kill back to the beginning of the previous word
-(@code{backward-kill-word}).
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden killing characters and lines
address@hidden deleting characters and lines
address@hidden erasing characters and lines
-  You already know about the @key{DEL} key which deletes the character
-before point (that is, before the cursor).  Another key, @kbd{Control-d}
-(@kbd{C-d} for short), deletes the character after point (that is, the
-character that the cursor is on).  This shifts the rest of the text on
-the line to the left.  If you type @kbd{C-d} at the end of a line, it
-joins that line with the following line.
-
-  To erase a larger amount of text, use the @kbd{C-k} key, which
-erases (kills) a line at a time.  If you type @kbd{C-k} at the
-beginning or middle of a line, it kills all the text up to the end of
-the line.  If you type @kbd{C-k} at the end of a line, it joins that
-line with the following line.
-
-  @xref{Killing}, for more flexible ways of killing text.
-
address@hidden Basic Undo
address@hidden Undoing Changes
-
-  Emacs records a list of changes made in the buffer text, so you can
-you can undo recent changes, as far as the records go.
-Usually each editing command makes a separate entry in the undo
-records, but sometimes an entry covers just part of a command, and
-very simple commands may be grouped.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-x u
-Undo one entry of the undo records---usually, one command worth
-(@code{undo}).
address@hidden C-_
address@hidden C-/
-The same.
address@hidden table
-
-  The command @kbd{C-x u} (or @kbd{C-_} or @kbd{C-/}) is how you undo.
-Normally this command undoes the last change, and moves point back to
-where it was before the change.
-
-  If you repeat @kbd{C-x u} (or its aliases), each repetition undoes
-another, earlier change, back to the limit of the undo information
-available.  If all recorded changes have already been undone, the undo
-command displays an error message and does nothing.
-
-  The undo command applies only to changes in the buffer; you can't
-use it to undo mere cursor motion.  However, some cursor motion
-commands set the mark, so if you use these commands from time to time,
-you can move back to the neighborhoods you have moved through by
-popping the mark ring (@pxref{Mark Ring}).
-
address@hidden Basic Files
address@hidden Files
-
-  Text that you insert in an Emacs buffer lasts only as long as the
-Emacs session.  To keep any text permanently you must put it in a
address@hidden  Files are named units of text which are stored by the
-operating system for you to retrieve later by name.  To use the
-contents of a file in any way, you must specify the file name.  That
-includes editing the file with Emacs.
-
-  Suppose there is a file named @file{test.emacs} in your home
-directory.  To begin editing this file in Emacs, type
-
address@hidden
-C-x C-f test.emacs @key{RET}
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-Here the file name is given as an @dfn{argument} to the command @kbd{C-x
-C-f} (@code{find-file}).  That command uses the @dfn{minibuffer} to
-read the argument, and you type @key{RET} to terminate the argument
-(@pxref{Minibuffer}).
-
-  Emacs obeys this command by @dfn{visiting} the file: it creates a
-buffer, it copies the contents of the file into the buffer, and then
-displays the buffer for editing.  If you alter the text, you can
address@hidden the new text in the file by typing @kbd{C-x C-s}
-(@code{save-buffer}).  This copies the altered buffer contents back
-into the file @file{test.emacs}, making them permanent.  Until you
-save, the changed text exists only inside Emacs, and the file
address@hidden is unaltered.
-
-  To create a file, just visit it with @kbd{C-x C-f} as if it already
-existed.  This creates an empty buffer, in which you can insert the
-text you want to put in the file.  Emacs actually creates the file the
-first time you save this buffer with @kbd{C-x C-s}.
-
-  To learn more about using files in Emacs, see @ref{Files}.
-
address@hidden Basic Help
address@hidden Help
-
address@hidden getting help with keys
-  If you forget what a key does, you can find out with the Help
-character, which is @kbd{C-h} (or @key{F1}, which is an alias for
address@hidden).  Type @kbd{C-h k} followed by the key of interest; for
-example, @kbd{C-h k C-n} tells you what @kbd{C-n} does.  @kbd{C-h} is
-a prefix key; @kbd{C-h k} is just one of its subcommands (the command
address@hidden).  The other subcommands of @kbd{C-h} provide
-different kinds of help.  Type @kbd{C-h} twice to get a description of
-all the help facilities.  @xref{Help}.
-
address@hidden Blank Lines
address@hidden Blank Lines
-
address@hidden inserting blank lines
address@hidden deleting blank lines
-  Here are special commands and techniques for inserting and deleting
-blank lines.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden C-o
-Insert one or more blank lines after the cursor (@code{open-line}).
address@hidden C-x C-o
-Delete all but one of many consecutive blank lines
-(@code{delete-blank-lines}).
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden C-o
address@hidden C-x C-o
address@hidden blank lines
address@hidden open-line
address@hidden delete-blank-lines
-  To insert a new line of text before an existing line,
-type the new line of text, followed by @key{RET}.
-However, it may be easier to see what you are doing if you first make a
-blank line and then insert the desired text into it.  This is easy to do
-using the key @kbd{C-o} (@code{open-line}), which inserts a newline
-after point but leaves point in front of the newline.  After @kbd{C-o},
-type the text for the new line.  @kbd{C-o F O O} has the same effect as
address@hidden@kbd{F O O @key{RET}}}, except for the final location of point.
-
-  You can make several blank lines by typing @kbd{C-o} several times, or
-by giving it a numeric argument specifying how many blank lines to make.
address@hidden, for how.  If you have a fill prefix, the @kbd{C-o}
-command inserts the fill prefix on the new line, if typed at the
-beginning of a line.  @xref{Fill Prefix}.
-
-  The easy way to get rid of extra blank lines is with the command
address@hidden C-o} (@code{delete-blank-lines}).  @kbd{C-x C-o} in a run of
-several blank lines deletes all but one of them.  @kbd{C-x C-o} on a
-lone blank line deletes that one.  When point is on a nonblank line,
address@hidden C-o} deletes all following blank lines (if any).
-
address@hidden Continuation Lines
address@hidden Continuation Lines
-
address@hidden continuation line
address@hidden wrapping
address@hidden line wrapping
address@hidden fringes, and continuation lines
-  When a text line is too long to fit in one screen line, Emacs
-displays it on two or more screen lines.  This is called
address@hidden or @dfn{line wrapping}.  On graphical displays,
-Emacs indicates line wrapping with small bent arrows in the left and
-right window fringes.  On text-only terminals, Emacs displays a
address@hidden character at the right margin of a screen line if it is not
-the last in its text line.  This @samp{\} character says that the
-following screen line is not really a new text line.
-
-  When line wrapping occurs just before a character that is wider than one
-column, some columns at the end of the previous screen line may be
-``empty.''  In this case, Emacs displays additional @samp{\}
-characters in the ``empty'' columns before the @samp{\}
-character that indicates continuation.
-
-  Continued lines can be difficult to read, since lines can break in
-the middle of a word.  If you prefer, you can make Emacs insert a
-newline automatically when a line gets too long, by using Auto Fill
-mode.  Or enable Long Lines mode, which ensures that wrapping only
-occurs between words.  @xref{Filling}.
-
address@hidden truncation
address@hidden line truncation, and fringes
-  Emacs can optionally @dfn{truncate} long lines---this means
-displaying just one screen line worth, and the rest of the long line
-does not appear at all.  @samp{$} in the last column or a small
-straight arrow in the window's right fringe indicates a truncated
-line.
-
-  @xref{Line Truncation}, for more about line truncation,
-and other variables that control how text is displayed.
-
address@hidden Position Info
address@hidden Cursor Position Information
-
-  Here are commands to get information about the size and position of
-parts of the buffer, and to count lines.
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x what-page
-Display the page number of point, and the line number within that page.
address@hidden M-x what-line
-Display the line number of point in the whole buffer.
address@hidden M-x line-number-mode
address@hidden M-x column-number-mode
-Toggle automatic display of the current line number or column number.
address@hidden Mode Line}.
address@hidden M-=
-Display the number of lines in the current region (@code{count-lines-region}).
address@hidden, for information about the region.
address@hidden C-x =
-Display the character code of character after point, character position of
-point, and column of point (@code{what-cursor-position}).
address@hidden M-x hl-line-mode
-Enable or disable highlighting of the current line.  @xref{Cursor
-Display}.
address@hidden M-x size-indication-mode
-Toggle automatic display of the size of the buffer.
address@hidden Mode Line}.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden what-page
address@hidden what-line
address@hidden line number commands
address@hidden location of point
address@hidden cursor location
address@hidden point location
-  @kbd{M-x what-line} displays the current line number
-in the echo area.  You can also see the current line number in the
-mode line; see @ref{Mode Line}; but if you narrow the buffer, the
-line number in the mode line is relative to the accessible portion
-(@pxref{Narrowing}).  By contrast, @code{what-line} shows both the
-line number relative to the narrowed region and the line number
-relative to the whole buffer.
-
-  @kbd{M-x what-page} counts pages from the beginning of the file, and
-counts lines within the page, showing both numbers in the echo area.
address@hidden
-
address@hidden M-=
address@hidden count-lines-region
-  Use @kbd{M-=} (@code{count-lines-region}) to displays the number of
-lines in the region (@pxref{Mark}).  @xref{Pages}, for the command
address@hidden l} which counts the lines in the current page.
-
address@hidden C-x =
address@hidden what-cursor-position
-  The command @kbd{C-x =} (@code{what-cursor-position}) shows what
-cursor's column position, and other information about point and the
-character after it.  It displays a line in the echo area that looks
-like this:
-
address@hidden
-Char: c (99, #o143, #x63) point=28062 of 36168 (78%) column=53
address@hidden smallexample
-
-  The four values after @samp{Char:} describe the character that follows
-point, first by showing it and then by giving its character code in
-decimal, octal and hex.  For a address@hidden multibyte character, these are
-followed by @samp{file} and the character's representation, in hex, in
-the buffer's coding system, if that coding system encodes the character
-safely and with a single byte (@pxref{Coding Systems}).  If the
-character's encoding is longer than one byte, Emacs shows @samp{file ...}.
-
-  However, if the character displayed is in the range 0200 through
-0377 octal, it may actually stand for an invalid UTF-8 byte read from
-a file.  In Emacs, that byte is represented as a sequence of 8-bit
-characters, but all of them together display as the original invalid
-byte, in octal code.  In this case, @kbd{C-x =} shows @samp{part of
-display ...} instead of @samp{file}.
-
-  @samp{point=} is followed by the position of point expressed as a
-character count.  The start of the buffer is position 1, one character
-later is position 2, and so on.  The next, larger, number is the total
-number of characters in the buffer.  Afterward in parentheses comes
-the position expressed as a percentage of the total size.
-
-  @samp{column=} is followed by the horizontal position of point, in
-columns from the left edge of the window.
-
-  If the buffer has been narrowed, making some of the text at the
-beginning and the end temporarily inaccessible, @kbd{C-x =} displays
-additional text describing the currently accessible range.  For example, it
-might display this:
-
address@hidden
-Char: C (67, #o103, #x43) point=252 of 889 (28%) <231-599> column=0
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden
-where the two extra numbers give the smallest and largest character
-position that point is allowed to assume.  The characters between those
-two positions are the accessible ones.  @xref{Narrowing}.
-
-  If point is at the end of the buffer (or the end of the accessible
-part), the @address@hidden =}} output does not describe a character after
-point.  The output might look like this:
-
address@hidden
-point=36169 of 36168 (EOB) column=0
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden character set of character at point
address@hidden font of character at point
address@hidden text properties at point
address@hidden face at point
-  @address@hidden C-x =}} displays the following additional information about a
-character.
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-The character set name, and the codes that identify the character
-within that character set; @acronym{ASCII} characters are identified
-as belonging to the @code{ascii} character set.
-
address@hidden
-The character's syntax and categories.
-
address@hidden
-The character's encodings, both internally in the buffer, and externally
-if you were to save the file.
-
address@hidden
-What keys to type to input the character in the current input method
-(if it supports the character).
-
address@hidden
-If you are running Emacs on a graphical display, the font name and
-glyph code for the character.  If you are running Emacs on a text-only
-terminal, the code(s) sent to the terminal.
-
address@hidden
-The character's text properties (@pxref{Text Properties,,,
-elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}), including any non-default
-faces used to display the character, and any overlays containing it
-(@pxref{Overlays,,, elisp, the same manual}).
address@hidden itemize
-
-  Here's an example showing the Latin-1 character A with grave accent,
-in a buffer whose coding system is @code{iso-latin-1}, whose
-terminal coding system is @code{iso-latin-1} (so the terminal actually
-displays the character as @address@hidden), and which has font-lock-mode
-(@pxref{Font Lock}) enabled:
-
address@hidden
-  character: @`A (2240, #o4300, #x8c0, U+00C0)
-    charset: latin-iso8859-1
-             (Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet address@hidden
- code point: #x40
-     syntax: w         which means: word
-   category: l:Latin
-   to input: type "`A" with latin-1-prefix
-buffer code: #x81 #xC0
-  file code: #xC0 (encoded by coding system iso-latin-1)
-    display: terminal code #xC0
-
-There are text properties here:
-  fontified            t
address@hidden smallexample
-
address@hidden Arguments
address@hidden Numeric Arguments
address@hidden numeric arguments
address@hidden prefix arguments
address@hidden arguments to commands
-
-  In mathematics and computer usage, @dfn{argument} means
-``data provided to a function or operation.''  You can give any Emacs
-command a @dfn{numeric argument} (also called a @dfn{prefix argument}).
-Some commands interpret the argument as a repetition count.  For
-example, @kbd{C-f} with an argument of ten moves forward ten characters
-instead of one.  With these commands, no argument is equivalent to an
-argument of one.  Negative arguments tell most such commands to move or
-act in the opposite direction.
-
address@hidden M-1
address@hidden address@hidden
address@hidden digit-argument
address@hidden negative-argument
-  If your terminal keyboard has a @key{META} key (labeled @key{ALT} on
-PC keyboards), the easiest way to specify a numeric argument is to
-type digits and/or a minus sign while holding down the @key{META} key.
-For example,
-
address@hidden
-M-5 C-n
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-moves down five lines.  The characters @kbd{Meta-1}, @kbd{Meta-2},
-and so on, as well as @kbd{Meta--}, do this because they are keys bound
-to commands (@code{digit-argument} and @code{negative-argument}) that
-are defined to set up an argument for the next command.
address@hidden without digits normally means @minus{}1.  Digits and
address@hidden modified with Control, or Control and Meta, also specify numeric
-arguments.
-
address@hidden C-u
address@hidden universal-argument
-  You can also specify a numeric argument by typing @kbd{C-u}
-(@code{universal-argument}) followed by the digits.  The advantage of
address@hidden is that you can type the digits without modifier keys; thus,
address@hidden works on all terminals.  For a negative argument, type a
-minus sign after @kbd{C-u}.  A minus sign without digits normally
-means @minus{}1.
-
-  @kbd{C-u} alone has the special meaning of
-``four times'': it multiplies the argument for the next command by
-four.  @kbd{C-u C-u} multiplies it by sixteen.  Thus, @kbd{C-u C-u
-C-f} moves forward sixteen characters.  This is a good way to move
-forward ``fast,'' since it moves about 1/5 of a line in the usual size
-screen.  Other useful combinations are @kbd{C-u C-n}, @kbd{C-u C-u
-C-n} (move down a good fraction of a screen), @kbd{C-u C-u C-o} (make
-``a lot'' of blank lines), and @kbd{C-u C-k} (kill four lines).
-
-  Some commands care whether there is an argument, but ignore its
-value.  For example, the command @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph})
-fills text; with an argument, it justifies the text as well.
-(@xref{Filling}, for more information on @kbd{M-q}.)  Plain @kbd{C-u}
-is a handy way of providing an argument for such commands.
-
-  Some commands use the value of the argument as a repeat count, but do
-something peculiar when there is no argument.  For example, the command
address@hidden (@code{kill-line}) with argument @var{n} kills @var{n} lines,
-including their terminating newlines.  But @kbd{C-k} with no argument is
-special: it kills the text up to the next newline, or, if point is right at
-the end of the line, it kills the newline itself.  Thus, two @kbd{C-k}
-commands with no arguments can kill a nonblank line, just like @kbd{C-k}
-with an argument of one.  (@xref{Killing}, for more information on
address@hidden)
-
-  A few commands treat a plain @kbd{C-u} differently from an ordinary
-argument.  A few others may treat an argument of just a minus sign
-differently from an argument of @minus{}1.  These unusual cases are
-described when they come up; they exist to make an individual command
-more convenient, and they are documented in that command's
-documentation string.
-
-  You can use a numeric argument before a self-inserting character to
-insert multiple copies of it.  This is straightforward when the
-character is not a digit; for example, @kbd{C-u 6 4 a} inserts 64
-copies of the character @samp{a}.  But this does not work for
-inserting digits; @kbd{C-u 6 4 1} specifies an argument of 641.  You
-can separate the argument from the digit to insert with another
address@hidden; for example, @kbd{C-u 6 4 C-u 1} does insert 64 copies of
-the character @samp{1}.
-
-  We use the term ``prefix argument'' as well as ``numeric argument,''
-to emphasize that you type these argument before the command, and to
-distinguish them from minibuffer arguments that come after the
-command.
-
address@hidden Repeating
address@hidden Repeating a Command
address@hidden repeating a command
-
-  Many simple commands, such as those invoked with a single key or
-with @kbd{M-x @var{command-name} @key{RET}}, can be repeated by
-invoking them with a numeric argument that serves as a repeat count
-(@pxref{Arguments}).  However, if the command you want to repeat
-prompts for input, or uses a numeric argument in another way, that
-method won't work.
-
address@hidden C-x z
address@hidden repeat
-  The command @kbd{C-x z} (@code{repeat}) provides another way to repeat
-an Emacs command many times.  This command repeats the previous Emacs
-command, whatever that was.  Repeating a command uses the same arguments
-that were used before; it does not read new arguments each time.
-
-  To repeat the command more than once, type additional @kbd{z}'s: each
address@hidden repeats the command one more time.  Repetition ends when you
-type a character other than @kbd{z}, or press a mouse button.
-
-  For example, suppose you type @kbd{C-u 2 0 C-d} to delete 20
-characters.  You can repeat that command (including its argument) three
-additional times, to delete a total of 80 characters, by typing @kbd{C-x
-z z z}.  The first @kbd{C-x z} repeats the command once, and each
-subsequent @kbd{z} repeats it once again.
-
address@hidden
-   arch-tag: cda8952a-c439-41c1-aecf-4bc0d6482956
address@hidden ignore