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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to rmail.texi
|
From: |
Glenn Morris |
|
Subject: |
[Emacs-diffs] Changes to rmail.texi |
|
Date: |
Thu, 06 Sep 2007 04:48:21 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/emacs
Module name: emacs
Changes by: Glenn Morris <gm> 07/09/06 04:48:21
Index: rmail.texi
===================================================================
RCS file: rmail.texi
diff -N rmail.texi
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rmail.texi 6 Sep 2007 04:48:21 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1430 @@
address@hidden This is part of the Emacs manual.
address@hidden Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001,
2002,
address@hidden 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
address@hidden See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
address@hidden Rmail, Dired, Sending Mail, Top
address@hidden Reading Mail with Rmail
address@hidden Rmail
address@hidden reading mail
address@hidden rmail
address@hidden rmail-mode
address@hidden rmail-mode-hook
+
+ Rmail is an Emacs subsystem for reading and disposing of mail that
+you receive. Rmail stores mail messages in files called Rmail files
+which use a special format. Reading the message in an Rmail file is
+done in a special major mode, Rmail mode, which redefines most letters
+to run commands for managing mail.
address@hidden
+* Basic: Rmail Basics. Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
+* Scroll: Rmail Scrolling. Scrolling through a message.
+* Motion: Rmail Motion. Moving to another message.
+* Deletion: Rmail Deletion. Deleting and expunging messages.
+* Inbox: Rmail Inbox. How mail gets into the Rmail file.
+* Files: Rmail Files. Using multiple Rmail files.
+* Output: Rmail Output. Copying message out to files.
+* Labels: Rmail Labels. Classifying messages by labeling them.
+* Attrs: Rmail Attributes. Certain standard labels, called attributes.
+* Reply: Rmail Reply. Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
+* Summary: Rmail Summary. Summaries show brief info on many messages.
+* Sort: Rmail Sorting. Sorting messages in Rmail.
+* Display: Rmail Display. How Rmail displays a message; customization.
+* Coding: Rmail Coding. How Rmail handles decoding character sets.
+* Editing: Rmail Editing. Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
+* Digest: Rmail Digest. Extracting the messages from a digest message.
+* Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
+* Rot13: Rmail Rot13. Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
+* Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail.
+* Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes.
+* Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in
+ Various Formats
address@hidden menu
+
address@hidden Rmail Basics
address@hidden Basic Concepts of Rmail
+
address@hidden primary Rmail file
address@hidden rmail-file-name
+ Using Rmail in the simplest fashion, you have one Rmail file
address@hidden/RMAIL} in which all of your mail is saved. It is called your
address@hidden Rmail file}. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} reads your primary
+Rmail file, merges new mail in from your inboxes, displays the first
+message you haven't read yet, and lets you begin reading. The variable
address@hidden specifies the name of the primary Rmail file.
+
+ Rmail uses narrowing to hide all but one message in the Rmail file.
+The message that is shown is called the @dfn{current message}. Rmail
+mode's special commands can do such things as delete the current
+message, copy it into another file, send a reply, or move to another
+message. You can also create multiple Rmail files and use Rmail to move
+messages between them.
+
address@hidden message number
+ Within the Rmail file, messages are normally arranged sequentially in
+order of receipt; you can specify other ways to sort them. Messages are
+identified by consecutive integers which are their @dfn{message numbers}.
+The number of the current message is displayed in Rmail's mode line,
+followed by the total number of messages in the file. You can move to
+a message by specifying its message number with the @kbd{j} key
+(@pxref{Rmail Motion}).
+
address@hidden s @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-expunge-and-save
+ Following the usual conventions of Emacs, changes in an Rmail file
+become permanent only when you save the file. You can save it with
address@hidden (@code{rmail-expunge-and-save}), which also expunges deleted
+messages from the file first (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). To save the
+file without expunging, use @kbd{C-x C-s}. Rmail also saves the Rmail
+file after merging new mail from an inbox file (@pxref{Rmail Inbox}).
+
address@hidden q @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-quit
address@hidden b @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-bury
+ You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges
+and saves the Rmail file, then buries the Rmail buffer as well as its
+summary buffer, if present (@pxref{Rmail Summary}). But there is no
+need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in
+other buffers, and never switch back, you have exited. Just make sure
+to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have
+changed). @kbd{C-x s} is a suitable way to do this (@pxref{Save
+Commands}). The Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, buries the
+Rmail buffer and its summary buffer without expunging and saving the
+Rmail file.
+
address@hidden Rmail Scrolling
address@hidden Scrolling Within a Message
+
+ When Rmail displays a message that does not fit on the screen, you
+must scroll through it to read the rest. You could do this with
address@hidden, @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{M-<}, but in Rmail scrolling is so
+frequent that it deserves to be easier.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden @key{SPC}
+Scroll forward (@code{scroll-up}).
address@hidden @key{DEL}
+Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}).
address@hidden .
+Scroll to start of message (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}).
address@hidden /
+Scroll to end of message (@code{rmail-end-of-message}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden SPC @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden DEL @r{(Rmail)}
+ Since the most common thing to do while reading a message is to scroll
+through it by screenfuls, Rmail makes @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} synonyms of
address@hidden (@code{scroll-up}) and @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down})
+
address@hidden . @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden / @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-beginning-of-message
address@hidden rmail-end-of-message
+ The command @kbd{.} (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}) scrolls back to the
+beginning of the selected message. This is not quite the same as @kbd{M-<}:
+for one thing, it does not set the mark; for another, it resets the buffer
+boundaries to the current message if you have changed them. Similarly,
+the command @kbd{/} (@code{rmail-end-of-message}) scrolls forward to the end
+of the selected message.
+
address@hidden Rmail Motion
address@hidden Moving Among Messages
+
+ The most basic thing to do with a message is to read it. The way to
+do this in Rmail is to make the message current. The usual practice is
+to move sequentially through the file, since this is the order of
+receipt of messages. When you enter Rmail, you are positioned at the
+first message that you have not yet made current (that is, the first one
+that has the @samp{unseen} attribute; @pxref{Rmail Attributes}). Move
+forward to see the other new messages; move backward to re-examine old
+messages.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden n
+Move to the next nondeleted message, skipping any intervening deleted
+messages (@code{rmail-next-undeleted-message}).
address@hidden p
+Move to the previous nondeleted message
+(@code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}).
address@hidden M-n
+Move to the next message, including deleted messages
+(@code{rmail-next-message}).
address@hidden M-p
+Move to the previous message, including deleted messages
+(@code{rmail-previous-message}).
address@hidden j
+Move to the first message. With argument @var{n}, move to
+message number @var{n} (@code{rmail-show-message}).
address@hidden >
+Move to the last message (@code{rmail-last-message}).
address@hidden <
+Move to the first message (@code{rmail-first-message}).
+
address@hidden M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
+Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp}
+(@code{rmail-search}).
+
address@hidden - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
+Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden n @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden p @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden M-n @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden M-p @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-next-undeleted-message
address@hidden rmail-previous-undeleted-message
address@hidden rmail-next-message
address@hidden rmail-previous-message
+ @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} are the usual way of moving among messages in
+Rmail. They move through the messages sequentially, but skip over
+deleted messages, which is usually what you want to do. Their command
+definitions are named @code{rmail-next-undeleted-message} and
address@hidden If you do not want to skip
+deleted messages---for example, if you want to move to a message to
+undelete it---use the variants @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p}
+(@code{rmail-next-message} and @code{rmail-previous-message}). A
+numeric argument to any of these commands serves as a repeat
+count.
+
+ In Rmail, you can specify a numeric argument by typing just the
+digits. You don't need to type @kbd{C-u} first.
+
address@hidden M-s @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-search
address@hidden searching in Rmail
+ The @kbd{M-s} (@code{rmail-search}) command is Rmail's version of
+search. The usual incremental search command @kbd{C-s} works in Rmail,
+but it searches only within the current message. The purpose of
address@hidden is to search for another message. It reads a regular
+expression (@pxref{Regexps}) nonincrementally, then searches starting at
+the beginning of the following message for a match. It then selects
+that message. If @var{regexp} is empty, @kbd{M-s} reuses the regexp
+used the previous time.
+
+ To search backward in the file for another message, give @kbd{M-s} a
+negative argument. In Rmail you can do this with @kbd{- M-s}.
+
+ It is also possible to search for a message based on labels.
address@hidden Labels}.
+
address@hidden j @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden > @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden < @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-show-message
address@hidden rmail-last-message
address@hidden rmail-first-message
+ To move to a message specified by absolute message number, use @kbd{j}
+(@code{rmail-show-message}) with the message number as argument. With
+no argument, @kbd{j} selects the first message. @kbd{<}
+(@code{rmail-first-message}) also selects the first message. @kbd{>}
+(@code{rmail-last-message}) selects the last message.
+
address@hidden Rmail Deletion
address@hidden Deleting Messages
+
address@hidden deletion (Rmail)
+ When you no longer need to keep a message, you can @dfn{delete} it. This
+flags it as ignorable, and some Rmail commands pretend it is no longer
+present; but it still has its place in the Rmail file, and still has its
+message number.
+
address@hidden expunging (Rmail)
+ @dfn{Expunging} the Rmail file actually removes the deleted messages.
+The remaining messages are renumbered consecutively. Expunging is the only
+action that changes the message number of any message, except for
+undigestifying (@pxref{Rmail Digest}).
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden d
+Delete the current message, and move to the next nondeleted message
+(@code{rmail-delete-forward}).
address@hidden C-d
+Delete the current message, and move to the previous nondeleted
+message (@code{rmail-delete-backward}).
address@hidden u
+Undelete the current message, or move back to a deleted message and
+undelete it (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}).
address@hidden x
+Expunge the Rmail file (@code{rmail-expunge}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden d @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden C-d @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-delete-forward
address@hidden rmail-delete-backward
+ There are two Rmail commands for deleting messages. Both delete the
+current message and select another message. @kbd{d}
+(@code{rmail-delete-forward}) moves to the following message, skipping
+messages already deleted, while @kbd{C-d} (@code{rmail-delete-backward})
+moves to the previous nondeleted message. If there is no nondeleted
+message to move to in the specified direction, the message that was just
+deleted remains current. @kbd{d} with a numeric argument is
+equivalent to @kbd{C-d}.
+
address@hidden rmail-delete-message-hook
+ Whenever Rmail deletes a message, it runs the hook
address@hidden When the hook functions are invoked,
+the message has been marked deleted, but it is still the current message
+in the Rmail buffer.
+
address@hidden undeletion (Rmail)
address@hidden x @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-expunge
address@hidden u @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-undelete-previous-message
+ To make all the deleted messages finally vanish from the Rmail file,
+type @kbd{x} (@code{rmail-expunge}). Until you do this, you can still
address@hidden the deleted messages. The undeletion command, @kbd{u}
+(@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}), is designed to cancel the
+effect of a @kbd{d} command in most cases. It undeletes the current
+message if the current message is deleted. Otherwise it moves backward
+to previous messages until a deleted message is found, and undeletes
+that message.
+
+ You can usually undo a @kbd{d} with a @kbd{u} because the @kbd{u}
+moves back to and undeletes the message that the @kbd{d} deleted. But
+this does not work when the @kbd{d} skips a few already-deleted messages
+that follow the message being deleted; then the @kbd{u} command
+undeletes the last of the messages that were skipped. There is no clean
+way to avoid this problem. However, by repeating the @kbd{u} command,
+you can eventually get back to the message that you intend to
+undelete. You can also select a particular deleted message with
+the @kbd{M-p} command, then type @kbd{u} to undelete it.
+
+ A deleted message has the @samp{deleted} attribute, and as a result
address@hidden appears in the mode line when the current message is
+deleted. In fact, deleting or undeleting a message is nothing more than
+adding or removing this attribute. @xref{Rmail Attributes}.
+
address@hidden Rmail Inbox
address@hidden Rmail Files and Inboxes
address@hidden inbox file
+
+ When you receive mail locally, the operating system places incoming
+mail for you in a file that we call your @dfn{inbox}. When you start
+up Rmail, it runs a C program called @code{movemail} to copy the new
+messages from your local inbox into your primary Rmail file, which
+also contains other messages saved from previous Rmail sessions. It
+is in this file that you actually read the mail with Rmail. This
+operation is called @dfn{getting new mail}. You can get new mail at
+any time in Rmail by typing @kbd{g}.
+
address@hidden rmail-primary-inbox-list
address@hidden @env{MAIL} environment variable
+ The variable @code{rmail-primary-inbox-list} contains a list of the
+files which are inboxes for your primary Rmail file. If you don't set
+this variable explicitly, it is initialized from the @env{MAIL}
+environment variable, or, as a last resort, set to @code{nil}, which
+means to use the default inbox. The default inbox file depends on
+your operating system; often it is @file{/var/mail/@var{username}},
address@hidden/usr/spool/mail/@var{username}}, or
address@hidden/usr/mail/@var{username}}.
+
+ You can specify the inbox file(s) for any Rmail file with the
+command @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}; see @ref{Rmail Files}.
+
+ There are two reasons for having separate Rmail files and inboxes.
+
address@hidden
address@hidden
+The inbox file format varies between operating systems and according to
+the other mail software in use. Only one part of Rmail needs to know
+about the alternatives, and it need only understand how to convert all
+of them to Rmail's own format.
+
address@hidden
+It is very cumbersome to access an inbox file without danger of losing
+mail, because it is necessary to interlock with mail delivery.
+Moreover, different operating systems use different interlocking
+techniques. The strategy of moving mail out of the inbox once and for
+all into a separate Rmail file avoids the need for interlocking in all
+the rest of Rmail, since only Rmail operates on the Rmail file.
address@hidden enumerate
+
+ Rmail was written to use Babyl format as its internal format. Since
+then, we have recognized that the usual inbox format on Unix and GNU
+systems is adequate for the job, and we plan to change Rmail to use that
+as its internal format. However, the Rmail file will still be separate
+from the inbox file, even when their format is the same.
+
address@hidden rmail-preserve-inbox
+ When getting new mail, Rmail first copies the new mail from the
+inbox file to the Rmail file; then it saves the Rmail file; then it
+clears out the inbox file. This way, a system crash may cause
+duplication of mail between the inbox and the Rmail file, but cannot
+lose mail. If @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} is address@hidden, then
+Rmail does not clear out the inbox file when it gets new mail. You
+may wish to set this, for example, on a portable computer you use to
+check your mail via POP while traveling, so that your mail will remain
+on the server and you can save it later on your workstation.
+
+ In some cases, Rmail copies the new mail from the inbox file
+indirectly. First it runs the @code{movemail} program to move the mail
+from the inbox to an intermediate file called
address@hidden/address@hidden Then Rmail merges the new mail from
+that file, saves the Rmail file, and only then deletes the intermediate
+file. If there is a crash at the wrong time, this file continues to
+exist, and Rmail will use it again the next time it gets new mail from
+that inbox.
+
+ If Rmail is unable to convert the data in
address@hidden/address@hidden into Babyl format, it renames the file
+to @file{~/address@hidden (@var{n} is an integer chosen to make the
+name unique) so that Rmail will not have trouble with the data again.
+You should look at the file, find whatever message confuses Rmail
+(probably one that includes the control-underscore character, octal code
+037), and delete it. Then you can use @kbd{1 g} to get new mail from
+the corrected file.
+
address@hidden Rmail Files
address@hidden Multiple Rmail Files
+
+ Rmail operates by default on your @dfn{primary Rmail file}, which is named
address@hidden/RMAIL} and receives your incoming mail from your system inbox
file.
+But you can also have other Rmail files and edit them with Rmail. These
+files can receive mail through their own inboxes, or you can move messages
+into them with explicit Rmail commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}).
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden i @var{file} @key{RET}
+Read @var{file} into Emacs and run Rmail on it (@code{rmail-input}).
+
address@hidden M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} @key{RET}
+Specify inbox file names for current Rmail file to get mail from.
+
address@hidden g
+Merge new mail from current Rmail file's inboxes
+(@code{rmail-get-new-mail}).
+
address@hidden C-u g @var{file} @key{RET}
+Merge new mail from inbox file @var{file}.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden i @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-input
+ To run Rmail on a file other than your primary Rmail file, you can use
+the @kbd{i} (@code{rmail-input}) command in Rmail. This visits the file
+in Rmail mode. You can use @kbd{M-x rmail-input} even when not in
+Rmail, but it is easier to type @kbd{C-u M-x rmail}, which does the
+same thing.
+
+ The file you read with @kbd{i} should normally be a valid Rmail file.
+If it is not, Rmail tries to decompose it into a stream of messages in
+various known formats. If it succeeds, it converts the whole file to an
+Rmail file. If you specify a file name that doesn't exist, @kbd{i}
+initializes a new buffer for creating a new Rmail file.
+
address@hidden rmail-secondary-file-directory
address@hidden rmail-secondary-file-regexp
+ You can also select an Rmail file from a menu. In the Classify menu,
+choose the Input Rmail File item; then choose the Rmail file you want.
+The variables @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and
address@hidden specify which files to offer in the
+menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the
+second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that
+match the regular expression). These variables also apply to choosing
+a file for output (@pxref{Rmail Output}).
+
address@hidden set-rmail-inbox-list
+ Each Rmail file can contain a list of inbox file names; you can specify
+this list with @kbd{M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files}
address@hidden The argument can contain any number of file names, separated
+by commas. It can also be empty, which specifies that this file should
+have no inboxes. Once you specify a list of inboxes in an Rmail file,
+the Rmail file remembers it permanently until you specify a different list.
+
+ As a special exception, if your primary Rmail file does not specify any
+inbox files, it uses your standard system inbox.
+
address@hidden g @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-get-new-mail
+ The @kbd{g} command (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}) merges mail into the
+current Rmail file from its inboxes. If the Rmail file has no
+inboxes, @kbd{g} does nothing. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} also
+merges new mail into your primary Rmail file.
+
+ To merge mail from a file that is not the usual inbox, give the
address@hidden key a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u g}. Then it reads a file
+name and merges mail from that file. The inbox file is not deleted or
+changed in any way when @kbd{g} with an argument is used. This is,
+therefore, a general way of merging one file of messages into another.
+
address@hidden Rmail Output
address@hidden Copying Messages Out to Files
+
+ These commands copy messages from an Rmail file into another file.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden o @var{file} @key{RET}
+Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using Rmail
+file format by default (@code{rmail-output-to-rmail-file}).
+
address@hidden C-o @var{file} @key{RET}
+Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using
+system inbox file format by default (@code{rmail-output}).
+
address@hidden w @var{file} @key{RET}
+Output just the message body to the file @var{file}, taking the default
+file name from the message @samp{Subject} header.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden o @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-output-to-rmail-file
address@hidden C-o @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-output
+ The commands @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} copy the current message into a
+specified file. This file may be an Rmail file or it may be in system
+inbox format; the output commands ascertain the file's format and write
+the copied message in that format.
+
+ The @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands differ in two ways: each has its
+own separate default file name, and each specifies a choice of format to
+use when the file does not already exist. The @kbd{o} command uses
+Rmail format when it creates a new file, while @kbd{C-o} uses system
+inbox format for a new file. The default file name for @kbd{o} is the
+file name used last with @kbd{o}, and the default file name for
address@hidden is the file name used last with @kbd{C-o}.
+
+ If the output file is an Rmail file currently visited in an Emacs buffer,
+the output commands copy the message into that buffer. It is up to you
+to save the buffer eventually in its file.
+
address@hidden w @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-output-body-to-file
+ Sometimes you may receive a message whose body holds the contents of a
+file. You can save the body to a file (excluding the message header)
+with the @kbd{w} command (@code{rmail-output-body-to-file}). Often
+these messages contain the intended file name in the @samp{Subject}
+field, so the @kbd{w} command uses the @samp{Subject} field as the
+default for the output file name. However, the file name is read using
+the minibuffer, so you can specify a different name if you wish.
+
+ You can also output a message to an Rmail file chosen with a menu.
+In the Classify menu, choose the Output Rmail File menu item; then
+choose the Rmail file you want. This outputs the current message to
+that file, like the @kbd{o} command. The variables
address@hidden and
address@hidden specify which files to offer in the
+menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the
+second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that
+match the regular expression).
+
address@hidden rmail-delete-after-output
+ Copying a message with @kbd{o} or @kbd{C-o} gives the original copy
+of the message the @samp{filed} attribute, so that @samp{filed}
+appears in the mode line when such a message is current. @kbd{w}
+gives it the @samp{stored} attribute. If you like to keep just a
+single copy of every mail message, set the variable
address@hidden to @code{t}; then the @kbd{o},
address@hidden and @kbd{w} commands delete the original message after
+copying it. (You can undelete the original afterward if you wish.)
+
+ Copying messages into files in system inbox format uses the header
+fields that are displayed in Rmail at the time. Thus, if you use the
address@hidden command to view the entire header and then copy the message, the
+entire header is copied. @xref{Rmail Display}.
+
address@hidden rmail-output-file-alist
+ The variable @code{rmail-output-file-alist} lets you specify
+intelligent defaults for the output file, based on the contents of the
+current message. The value should be a list whose elements have this
+form:
+
address@hidden
+(@var{regexp} . @var{name-exp})
address@hidden example
+
address@hidden
+If there's a match for @var{regexp} in the current message, then the
+default file name for output is @var{name-exp}. If multiple elements
+match the message, the first matching element decides the default file
+name. The subexpression @var{name-exp} may be a string constant giving
+the file name to use, or more generally it may be any Lisp expression
+that returns a file name as a string. @code{rmail-output-file-alist}
+applies to both @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o}.
+
address@hidden Rmail Labels
address@hidden Labels
address@hidden label (Rmail)
address@hidden attribute (Rmail)
+
+ Each message can have various @dfn{labels} assigned to it as a means
+of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different
+labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular
+message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to
+messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels
+are called @dfn{attributes}.
address@hidden
+(@xref{Rmail Attributes}.)
address@hidden ifnottex
+All other labels are assigned only by users.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden a @var{label} @key{RET}
+Assign the label @var{label} to the current message (@code{rmail-add-label}).
address@hidden k @var{label} @key{RET}
+Remove the label @var{label} from the current message
(@code{rmail-kill-label}).
address@hidden C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}
+Move to the next message that has one of the labels @var{labels}
+(@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}).
address@hidden C-M-p @var{labels} @key{RET}
+Move to the previous message that has one of the labels @var{labels}
+(@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}).
address@hidden l @var{labels} @key{RET}
address@hidden C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}
+Make a summary of all messages containing any of the labels @var{labels}
+(@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden a @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden k @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-add-label
address@hidden rmail-kill-label
+ The @kbd{a} (@code{rmail-add-label}) and @kbd{k}
+(@code{rmail-kill-label}) commands allow you to assign or remove any
+label on the current message. If the @var{label} argument is empty, it
+means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or
+removed.
+
+ Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there
+are two ways to use the labels: in moving and in summaries.
+
address@hidden C-M-n @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden C-M-p @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-next-labeled-message
address@hidden rmail-previous-labeled-message
+ The command @kbd{C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}}
+(@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}) moves to the next message that has
+one of the labels @var{labels}. The argument @var{labels} specifies one
+or more label names, separated by commas. @kbd{C-M-p}
+(@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}) is similar, but moves backwards
+to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command serves as a
+repeat count.
+
+ The command @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}}
+(@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) displays a summary containing only the
+messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The
+argument @var{labels} is one or more label names, separated by commas.
address@hidden Summary}, for information on summaries.
+
+ If the @var{labels} argument to @kbd{C-M-n}, @kbd{C-M-p} or
address@hidden is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified
+for any of these commands.
+
address@hidden Rmail Attributes
address@hidden Rmail Attributes
+
+ Some labels such as @samp{deleted} and @samp{filed} have built-in
+meanings, and Rmail assigns them to messages automatically at
+appropriate times; these labels are called @dfn{attributes}. Here is
+a list of Rmail attributes:
+
address@hidden @samp
address@hidden unseen
+Means the message has never been current. Assigned to messages when
+they come from an inbox file, and removed when a message is made
+current. When you start Rmail, it initially shows the first message
+that has this attribute.
address@hidden deleted
+Means the message is deleted. Assigned by deletion commands and
+removed by undeletion commands (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}).
address@hidden filed
+Means the message has been copied to some other file. Assigned by the
address@hidden and @kbd{C-o} file output commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}).
address@hidden stored
+Assigned by the @kbd{w} file output command (@pxref{Rmail Output}).
address@hidden answered
+Means you have mailed an answer to the message. Assigned by the @kbd{r}
+command (@code{rmail-reply}). @xref{Rmail Reply}.
address@hidden forwarded
+Means you have forwarded the message. Assigned by the @kbd{f} command
+(@code{rmail-forward}). @xref{Rmail Reply}.
address@hidden edited
+Means you have edited the text of the message within Rmail.
address@hidden Editing}.
address@hidden resent
+Means you have resent the message. Assigned by the command @kbd{M-x
+rmail-resend}. @xref{Rmail Reply}.
address@hidden table
+
+ All other labels are assigned or removed only by users, and have no
+standard meaning.
+
address@hidden Rmail Reply
address@hidden Sending Replies
+
+ Rmail has several commands that use Mail mode to send outgoing mail.
address@hidden Mail}, for information on using Mail mode, including
+certain features meant to work with Rmail. What this section documents
+are the special commands of Rmail for entering Mail mode. Note that the
+usual keys for sending address@hidden m}, @kbd{C-x 4 m}, and @kbd{C-x 5
+m}---also work normally in Rmail mode.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden m
+Send a message (@code{rmail-mail}).
address@hidden c
+Continue editing the already started outgoing message (@code{rmail-continue}).
address@hidden r
+Send a reply to the current Rmail message (@code{rmail-reply}).
address@hidden f
+Forward the current message to other users (@code{rmail-forward}).
address@hidden C-u f
+Resend the current message to other users (@code{rmail-resend}).
address@hidden M-m
+Try sending a bounced message a second time (@code{rmail-retry-failure}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden r @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-reply
address@hidden reply to a message
+ The most common reason to send a message while in Rmail is to reply
+to the message you are reading. To do this, type @kbd{r}
+(@code{rmail-reply}). This displays the @samp{*mail*} buffer in
+another window, much like @kbd{C-x 4 m}, but preinitializes the
address@hidden, @samp{To}, @samp{CC}, @samp{In-reply-to} and
address@hidden header fields based on the message you are replying
+to. The @samp{To} field starts out as the address of the person who
+sent the message you received, and the @samp{CC} field starts out with
+all the other recipients of that message.
+
address@hidden rmail-dont-reply-to-names
+ You can exclude certain recipients from being placed automatically in
+the @samp{CC}, using the variable @code{rmail-dont-reply-to-names}. Its
+value should be a regular expression (as a string); any recipient that
+the regular expression matches, is excluded from the @samp{CC} field.
+The default value matches your own name, and any name starting with
address@hidden (Those names are excluded because there is a convention
+of using them for large mailing lists to broadcast announcements.)
+
+ To omit the @samp{CC} field completely for a particular reply, enter
+the reply command with a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u r} or @kbd{1 r}.
+This means to reply only to the sender of the original message.
+
+ Once the @samp{*mail*} buffer has been initialized, editing and
+sending the mail goes as usual (@pxref{Sending Mail}). You can edit the
+presupplied header fields if they are not what you want. You can also
+use the commands of Mail mode (@pxref{Mail Mode}), including @kbd{C-c
+C-y} which yanks in the message that you are replying to. You can
+also switch to the Rmail buffer, select a different message there, switch
+back, and yank the new current message.
+
address@hidden M-m @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-retry-failure
address@hidden retrying a failed message
address@hidden rmail-retry-ignored-headers
+ Sometimes a message does not reach its destination. Mailers usually
+send the failed message back to you, enclosed in a @dfn{failure
+message}. The Rmail command @kbd{M-m} (@code{rmail-retry-failure})
+prepares to send the same message a second time: it sets up a
address@hidden buffer with the same text and header fields as before. If
+you type @kbd{C-c C-c} right away, you send the message again exactly
+the same as the first time. Alternatively, you can edit the text or
+headers and then send it. The variable
address@hidden, in the same format as
address@hidden (@pxref{Rmail Display}), controls which
+headers are stripped from the failed message when retrying it.
+
address@hidden f @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-forward
address@hidden forwarding a message
+ Another frequent reason to send mail in Rmail is to @dfn{forward} the
+current message to other users. @kbd{f} (@code{rmail-forward}) makes
+this easy by preinitializing the @samp{*mail*} buffer with the current
+message as the text, and a subject designating a forwarded message. All
+you have to do is fill in the recipients and send. When you forward a
+message, recipients get a message which is ``from'' you, and which has
+the original message in its contents.
+
address@hidden unforward-rmail-message
+ Forwarding a message encloses it between two delimiter lines. It also
+modifies every line that starts with a dash, by inserting @address@hidden }}
+at the start of the line. When you receive a forwarded message, if it
+contains something besides ordinary text---for example, program source
+code---you might find it useful to undo that transformation. You can do
+this by selecting the forwarded message and typing @kbd{M-x
+unforward-rmail-message}. This command extracts the original forwarded
+message, deleting the inserted @address@hidden }} strings, and inserts it
+into the Rmail file as a separate message immediately following the
+current one.
+
address@hidden rmail-resend
+ @dfn{Resending} is an alternative similar to forwarding; the
+difference is that resending sends a message that is ``from'' the
+original sender, just as it reached you---with a few added header fields
address@hidden and @samp{Resent-To} to indicate that it came via
+you. To resend a message in Rmail, use @kbd{C-u f}. (@kbd{f} runs
address@hidden, which is programmed to invoke @code{rmail-resend}
+if you provide a numeric argument.)
+
address@hidden m @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-mail
+ The @kbd{m} (@code{rmail-mail}) command is used to start editing an
+outgoing message that is not a reply. It leaves the header fields empty.
+Its only difference from @kbd{C-x 4 m} is that it makes the Rmail buffer
+accessible for @kbd{C-c C-y}, just as @kbd{r} does. Thus, @kbd{m} can be
+used to reply to or forward a message; it can do anything @kbd{r} or @kbd{f}
+can do.
+
address@hidden c @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-continue
+ The @kbd{c} (@code{rmail-continue}) command resumes editing the
address@hidden buffer, to finish editing an outgoing message you were
+already composing, or to alter a message you have sent.
+
address@hidden rmail-mail-new-frame
+ If you set the variable @code{rmail-mail-new-frame} to a
address@hidden value, then all the Rmail commands to start sending a
+message create a new frame to edit it in. This frame is deleted when
+you send the message, or when you use the @samp{Cancel} item in the
address@hidden menu.
+
+ All the Rmail commands to send a message use the mail-composition
+method that you have chosen (@pxref{Mail Methods}).
+
address@hidden Rmail Summary
address@hidden Summaries
address@hidden summary (Rmail)
+
+ A @dfn{summary} is a buffer containing one line per message to give
+you an overview of the mail in an Rmail file. Each line shows the
+message number and date, the sender, the line count, the labels, and
+the subject. Moving point in the summary buffer selects messages as
+you move to their summary lines. Almost all Rmail commands are valid
+in the summary buffer also; when used there, they apply to the message
+described by the current line of the summary.
+
+ A summary buffer applies to a single Rmail file only; if you are
+editing multiple Rmail files, each one can have its own summary buffer.
+The summary buffer name is made by appending @samp{-summary} to the
+Rmail buffer's name. Normally only one summary buffer is displayed at a
+time.
+
address@hidden
+* Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries.
+* Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary.
address@hidden menu
+
address@hidden Rmail Make Summary
address@hidden Making Summaries
+
+ Here are the commands to create a summary for the current Rmail file.
+Once the Rmail file has a summary buffer, changes in the Rmail file
+(such as deleting or expunging messages, and getting new mail)
+automatically update the summary.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden h
address@hidden C-M-h
+Summarize all messages (@code{rmail-summary}).
address@hidden l @var{labels} @key{RET}
address@hidden C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}
+Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified labels
+(@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}).
address@hidden C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}
+Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified recipients
+(@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}).
address@hidden C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}
+Summarize messages that have a match for the specified regexp
address@hidden in their subjects (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}).
address@hidden C-M-s @var{regexp}
+Summarize messages whose headers and the subject line match the
+specified regular expression @var{regexp}
+(@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden h @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-summary
+ The @kbd{h} or @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{rmail-summary}) command fills the summary
buffer
+for the current Rmail file with a summary of all the messages in the file.
+It then displays and selects the summary buffer in another window.
+
address@hidden l @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden C-M-l @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-by-labels
+ @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) makes
+a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more of the
+labels @var{labels}. @var{labels} should contain label names separated by
+commas.
+
address@hidden C-M-r @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-by-recipients
+ @kbd{C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients})
+makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more
+of the recipients @var{rcpts}. @var{rcpts} should contain mailing
+addresses separated by commas.
+
address@hidden C-M-t @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-by-topic
+ @kbd{C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic})
+makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages whose subjects have
+a match for the regular expression @var{topic}.
+
address@hidden C-M-s @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-by-regexp
+ @kbd{C-M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp})
+makes a partial summary which mentions only the messages whose headers
+(including the date and the subject lines) match the regular
+expression @var{regexp}.
+
+ Note that there is only one summary buffer for any Rmail file;
+making any kind of summary discards any previous summary.
+
address@hidden rmail-summary-window-size
address@hidden rmail-summary-line-count-flag
+ The variable @code{rmail-summary-window-size} says how many lines to
+use for the summary window. The variable
address@hidden controls whether the summary line
+for a message should include the line count of the message.
+
address@hidden Rmail Summary Edit
address@hidden Editing in Summaries
+
+ You can use the Rmail summary buffer to do almost anything you can do
+in the Rmail buffer itself. In fact, once you have a summary buffer,
+there's no need to switch back to the Rmail buffer.
+
+ You can select and display various messages in the Rmail buffer, from
+the summary buffer, just by moving point in the summary buffer to
+different lines. It doesn't matter what Emacs command you use to move
+point; whichever line point is on at the end of the command, that
+message is selected in the Rmail buffer.
+
+ Almost all Rmail commands work in the summary buffer as well as in the
+Rmail buffer. Thus, @kbd{d} in the summary buffer deletes the current
+message, @kbd{u} undeletes, and @kbd{x} expunges. (However, in the
+summary buffer, a numeric argument to @kbd{d}, @kbd{C-d} and @kbd{u}
+serves as a repeat count. A negative argument reverses the meaning of
address@hidden and @kbd{C-d}.) @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} output the current
+message to a file; @kbd{r} starts a reply to it. You can scroll the
+current message while remaining in the summary buffer using @key{SPC}
+and @key{DEL}.
+
+ The Rmail commands to move between messages also work in the summary
+buffer, but with a twist: they move through the set of messages included
+in the summary. They also ensure the Rmail buffer appears on the screen
+(unlike cursor motion commands, which update the contents of the Rmail
+buffer but don't display it in a window unless it already appears).
+Here is a list of these commands:
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden n
+Move to next line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select its
+message.
address@hidden p
+Move to previous line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select
+its message.
address@hidden M-n
+Move to next line and select its message.
address@hidden M-p
+Move to previous line and select its message.
address@hidden >
+Move to the last line, and select its message.
address@hidden <
+Move to the first line, and select its message.
address@hidden j
address@hidden @key{RET}
+Select the message on the current line (ensuring that the RMAIL buffer
+appears on the screen). With argument @var{n}, select message number
address@hidden and move to its line in the summary buffer; this signals an
+error if the message is not listed in the summary buffer.
address@hidden M-s @var{pattern} @key{RET}
+Search through messages for @var{pattern} starting with the current
+message; select the message found, and move point in the summary buffer
+to that message's line.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden rmail-redisplay-summary
+ Deletion, undeletion, and getting new mail, and even selection of a
+different message all update the summary buffer when you do them in the
+Rmail buffer. If the variable @code{rmail-redisplay-summary} is
address@hidden, these actions also bring the summary buffer back onto
+the screen.
+
address@hidden Q @r{(Rmail summary)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-wipe
address@hidden q @r{(Rmail summary)}
address@hidden rmail-summary-quit
+ When you are finished using the summary, type @kbd{Q}
+(@code{rmail-summary-wipe}) to delete the summary buffer's window. You
+can also exit Rmail while in the summary: @kbd{q}
+(@code{rmail-summary-quit}) deletes the summary window, then exits from
+Rmail by saving the Rmail file and switching to another buffer.
+
address@hidden Rmail Sorting
address@hidden Sorting the Rmail File
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-date
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by date.
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-subject
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by subject.
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-author
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by author's name.
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-recipient
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by recipient's names.
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-correspondent
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by the name of the other
+correspondent.
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-lines
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by size (number of lines).
+
address@hidden M-x rmail-sort-by-keywords @key{RET} @var{labels} @key{RET}
+Sort messages of current Rmail file by labels. The argument
address@hidden should be a comma-separated list of labels. The order of
+these labels specifies the order of messages; messages with the first
+label come first, messages with the second label come second, and so on.
+Messages which have none of these labels come last.
address@hidden table
+
+ The Rmail sort commands perform a @emph{stable sort}: if there is no
+reason to prefer either one of two messages, their order remains
+unchanged. You can use this to sort by more than one criterion. For
+example, if you use @code{rmail-sort-by-date} and then
address@hidden, messages from the same author appear in
+order by date.
+
+ With a numeric argument, all these commands reverse the order of
+comparison. This means they sort messages from newest to oldest, from
+biggest to smallest, or in reverse alphabetical order.
+
address@hidden Rmail Display
address@hidden Display of Messages
+
+ Rmail reformats the header of each message before displaying it for
+the first time. Reformatting hides uninteresting header fields to
+reduce clutter. You can use the @kbd{t} command to show the entire
+header or to repeat the header reformatting operation.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden t
+Toggle display of complete header (@code{rmail-toggle-header}).
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden rmail-ignored-headers
address@hidden rmail-nonignored-headers
+ Reformatting the header involves deleting most header fields, on the
+grounds that they are not interesting. The variable
address@hidden holds a regular expression that specifies
+which header fields to hide in this way---if it matches the beginning
+of a header field, that whole field is hidden. However, the variable
address@hidden provides a further override: a header
+matching that regular expression is shown even if it matches
address@hidden too.
+
address@hidden t @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-toggle-header
+ Rmail saves the complete original header before reformatting; to see
+it, use the @kbd{t} command (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). This
+discards the reformatted headers of the current message and displays
+it with the original header. Repeating @kbd{t} reformats the message
+again, which shows only the interesting headers according to the
+current values of those variable. Selecting the message again also
+reformats it if necessary.
+
+ One consequence of this is that if you edit the reformatted header
+(using @kbd{e}; @pxref{Rmail Editing}), subsequent use of @kbd{t} will
+discard your edits. On the other hand, if you use @kbd{e} after
address@hidden, to edit the original (unreformatted) header, those changes are
+permanent.
+
+ When the @kbd{t} command has a prefix argument, a positive argument
+means to show the reformatted header, and a zero or negative argument
+means to show the full header.
+
address@hidden rmail-highlighted-headers
+ When the terminal supports multiple fonts or colors, Rmail
+highlights certain header fields that are especially interesting---by
+default, the @samp{From} and @samp{Subject} fields. The variable
address@hidden holds a regular expression that
+specifies the header fields to highlight; if it matches the beginning
+of a header field, that whole field is highlighted.
+
+ If you specify unusual colors for your text foreground and
+background, the colors used for highlighting may not go well with
+them. If so, specify different colors by setting the variable
address@hidden to a suitable face. To turn off
+highlighting entirely in Rmail, set @code{rmail-highlighted-headers}
+to @code{nil}.
+
+ You can highlight and activate URLs in incoming messages by adding
+the function @code{goto-address} to the hook
address@hidden Then you can browse these URLs by
+clicking on them with @kbd{Mouse-2} (or @kbd{Mouse-1} quickly) or by
+moving to one and typing @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. @xref{Goto-address,
+Activating URLs, Activating URLs}.
+
address@hidden Rmail Coding
address@hidden Rmail and Coding Systems
+
address@hidden decoding mail messages (Rmail)
+ Rmail automatically decodes messages which contain address@hidden
+characters, just as Emacs does with files you visit and with subprocess
+output. Rmail uses the standard @address@hidden header in
+the message, if any, to determine how the message was encoded by the
+sender. It maps @var{charset} into the corresponding Emacs coding
+system (@pxref{Coding Systems}), and uses that coding system to decode
+message text. If the message header doesn't have the @samp{charset}
+specification, or if @var{charset} is not recognized,
+Rmail chooses the coding system with the usual Emacs heuristics and
+defaults (@pxref{Recognize Coding}).
+
address@hidden fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages
+ Occasionally, a message is decoded incorrectly, either because Emacs
+guessed the wrong coding system in the absence of the @samp{charset}
+specification, or because the specification was inaccurate. For
+example, a misconfigured mailer could send a message with a
address@hidden header when the message is actually encoded
+in @code{koi8-r}. When you see the message text garbled, or some of
+its characters displayed as empty boxes, this may have happened.
+
address@hidden rmail-redecode-body
+ You can correct the problem by decoding the message again using the
+right coding system, if you can figure out or guess which one is
+right. To do this, invoke the @kbd{M-x rmail-redecode-body} command.
+It reads the name of a coding system, encodes the message body using
+whichever coding system was used to decode it before, then redecodes
+it using the coding system you specified. If you specified the right
+coding system, the result should be readable.
+
+ Decoding and encoding using the wrong coding system is lossless for
+most encodings, in particular with 8-bit encodings such as iso-8859 or
+koi8. So, if the initial attempt to redecode the message didn't
+result in a legible text, you can try other coding systems until you
+succeed.
+
+ With some coding systems, notably those from the iso-2022 family,
+information can be lost in decoding, so that encoding the message
+again won't bring back the original incoming text. In such a case,
address@hidden cannot work. However, the problems that
+call for use of @code{rmail-redecode-body} rarely occur with those
+coding systems. So in practice the command works when you need it.
+
address@hidden Rmail Editing
address@hidden Editing Within a Message
+
+ Most of the usual Emacs commands are available in Rmail mode, though a
+few, such as @kbd{C-M-n} and @kbd{C-M-h}, are redefined by Rmail for
+other purposes. However, the Rmail buffer is normally read only, and
+most of the letters are redefined as Rmail commands. If you want to
+edit the text of a message, you must use the Rmail command @kbd{e}.
+
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden e
+Edit the current message as ordinary text.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden e @r{(Rmail)}
address@hidden rmail-edit-current-message
+ The @kbd{e} command (@code{rmail-edit-current-message}) switches from
+Rmail mode into Rmail Edit mode, another major mode which is nearly the
+same as Text mode. The mode line indicates this change.
+
+ In Rmail Edit mode, letters insert themselves as usual and the Rmail
+commands are not available. When you are finished editing the message and
+are ready to go back to Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-c}, which switches back to
+Rmail mode. Alternatively, you can return to Rmail mode but cancel all the
+editing that you have done, by typing @kbd{C-c C-]}.
+
address@hidden rmail-edit-mode-hook
+ Entering Rmail Edit mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}; then it
+runs the hook @code{rmail-edit-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). It adds the
+attribute @samp{edited} to the message. It also displays the full
+headers of the message, so that you can edit the headers as well as the
+body of the message, and your changes in the headers will be
+permanent.
+
address@hidden Rmail Digest
address@hidden Digest Messages
address@hidden digest message
address@hidden undigestify
+
+ A @dfn{digest message} is a message which exists to contain and carry
+several other messages. Digests are used on some moderated mailing
+lists; all the messages that arrive for the list during a period of time
+such as one day are put inside a single digest which is then sent to the
+subscribers. Transmitting the single digest uses much less computer
+time than transmitting the individual messages even though the total
+size is the same, because the per-message overhead in network mail
+transmission is considerable.
+
address@hidden undigestify-rmail-message
+ When you receive a digest message, the most convenient way to read it is
+to @dfn{undigestify} it: to turn it back into many individual messages.
+Then you can read and delete the individual messages as it suits you.
+To do this, select the digest message and type the command @kbd{M-x
+undigestify-rmail-message}. This extracts the submessages as separate
+Rmail messages, and inserts them following the digest. The digest
+message itself is flagged as deleted.
+
address@hidden Out of Rmail
address@hidden Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format
address@hidden Babyl format to Inbox format
address@hidden converting Rmail file to mailbox format
+
address@hidden unrmail
+ The command @kbd{M-x unrmail} converts a file in Rmail format to inbox
+format (also known as the system mailbox, or mbox, format), so that
+you can use it with other mail-editing tools. You must specify two
+arguments, the name of the Rmail file and the name to use for the
+converted file. @kbd{M-x unrmail} does not alter the Rmail file itself.
+
address@hidden b2m
+ @kbd{M-x unrmail} is useful if you can run Emacs on the machine
+where the Rmail file resides, or can access the Rmail file remotely
+(@pxref{Remote Files}) from a machine where Emacs is installed. If
+accessing Rmail files from Emacs is impossible, you can use the
address@hidden program instead. @command{b2m} is part of the Emacs
+distribution, it is installed into the same directory where all the
+other auxiliary programs (@command{etags} etc.) are installed, and its
+source is available in the Emacs source distribution, so that you
+could copy the source to the target machine and compile it there.
+
+ To convert a file @address@hidden into @address@hidden,
+invoke @command{b2m} like this:
+
address@hidden
+ b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file}
address@hidden example
+
address@hidden Rmail Rot13
address@hidden Reading Rot13 Messages
address@hidden rot13 code
+
+ Mailing list messages that might offend some readers are sometimes
+encoded in a simple code called @dfn{rot13}---so named because it
+rotates the alphabet by 13 letters. This code is not for secrecy, as it
+provides none; rather, it enables those who might be offended to avoid
+seeing the real text of the message.
+
address@hidden rot13-other-window
+ To view a buffer which uses the rot13 code, use the command @kbd{M-x
+rot13-other-window}. This displays the current buffer in another window
+which applies the code when displaying the text.
+
address@hidden Movemail
address@hidden @code{movemail} program
address@hidden @code{movemail} program
+
+ When invoked for the first time, Rmail attempts to locate the
address@hidden program and determine its version. There are two
+versions of @code{movemail} program: the native one, shipped with GNU
+Emacs (the ``emacs version'') and the one included in GNU mailutils
+(the ``mailutils version,'' @pxref{movemail,,,mailutils,GNU
+mailutils}). They support the same command line syntax and the same
+basic subset of options. However, the Mailutils version offers
+additional features.
+
+ The Emacs version of @code{movemail} is able to retrieve mail from
+usual UNIX mailbox formats and from remote mailboxes using the POP3
+protocol.
+
+ The Mailutils version is able to handle a wide set of mailbox
+formats, such as plain UNIX mailboxes, @code{maildir} and @code{MH}
+mailboxes, etc. It is able to retrieve remote mail using POP3 or
+IMAP4 protocol, and can retrieve mail from them using a TLS encrypted
+channel. It also accepts mailbox argument in the @acronym{URL} form.
+The detailed description of mailbox @acronym{URL}s can be found in
address@hidden,,,mailutils,Mailbox URL Formats}. In short, a @acronym{URL}
+is:
+
address@hidden
address@hidden://address@hidden:@var{password}]@@address@hidden
address@hidden smallexample
+
address@hidden
+where square brackets denote optional elements.
+
address@hidden @var
address@hidden proto
+Specifies the @dfn{mailbox protocol}, or @dfn{format} to
+use. The exact semantics of the rest of @acronym{URL} elements depends
+on the actual value of @var{proto} (see below).
+
address@hidden user
+User name to access the remote mailbox.
+
address@hidden password
+User password to access the remote mailbox.
+
address@hidden host-or-file-name
+Hostname of the remote server for remote mailboxes or file name of a
+local mailbox.
address@hidden table
+
address@hidden
address@hidden can be one of:
+
address@hidden @code
address@hidden mbox
+Usual UNIX mailbox format. In this case, neither @var{user} nor
address@hidden are used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the file name of
+the mailbox file, e.g., @code{mbox://var/spool/mail/smith}.
+
address@hidden mh
+A local mailbox in the @acronym{MH} format. @var{User} and
address@hidden are not used. @var{Host-or-file-name} denotes the name of
address@hidden folder, e.g., @code{mh://Mail/inbox}.
+
address@hidden maildir
+A local mailbox in the @acronym{maildir} format. @var{User} and
address@hidden are not used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the name of
address@hidden mailbox, e.g., @code{maildir://mail/inbox}.
+
address@hidden file
+Any local mailbox format. Its actual format is detected automatically
+by @code{movemail}.
+
address@hidden pop
+A remote mailbox to be accessed via POP3 protocol. @var{User}
+specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to
+specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP
+address of the remote mail server to connect to; e.g.,
address@hidden://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}.
+
address@hidden imap
+A remote mailbox to be accessed via IMAP4 protocol. @var{User}
+specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to
+specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP
+address of the remote mail server to connect to;
+e.g., @code{imap://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}.
address@hidden table
+
+ Alternatively, you can specify the file name of the mailbox to use.
+This is equivalent to specifying the @samp{file} protocol:
+
address@hidden
+/var/spool/mail/@var{user} @equiv{} file://var/spool/mail/@var{user}
address@hidden smallexample
+
address@hidden rmail-movemail-program
address@hidden rmail-movemail-search-path
+ The variable @code{rmail-movemail-program} controls which version of
address@hidden to use. If that is a string, it specifies the
+absolute file name of the @code{movemail} executable. If it is
address@hidden, Rmail searches for @code{movemail} in the directories
+listed in @code{rmail-movemail-search-path} and @code{exec-path}, then
+in @code{exec-directory}.
+
address@hidden Remote Mailboxes
address@hidden Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes
address@hidden movemail
+
+ Some sites use a method called POP for accessing users' inbox data
+instead of storing the data in inbox files. The @code{Emacs
+movemail} can work with POP if you compile it with the macro
address@hidden defined. (You can achieve that by specifying
address@hidden when you run @code{configure} during the
+installation of Emacs.)
+
+The Mailutils @code{movemail} by default supports POP, unless it was
+configured with @samp{--disable-pop} option.
+
+Both versions of @code{movemail} only work with POP3, not with older
+versions of POP.
+
address@hidden @env{MAILHOST} environment variable
address@hidden POP mailboxes
+ No matter which flavor of @code{movemail} you use, you can specify
+POP inbox by using POP @dfn{URL} (@pxref{Movemail}). A POP
address@hidden is a ``file name'' of the form
address@hidden://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}, where
address@hidden is the host name or IP address of the remote mail
+server and @var{username} is the user name on that server.
+Additionally, you may specify the password in the mailbox @acronym{URL}:
address@hidden://@var{username}:@var{password}@@@var{hostname}}. In this
+case, @var{password} takes preference over the one set by
address@hidden This is especially useful if you have
+several remote mailboxes with different passwords.
+
+ For backward compatibility, Rmail also supports two alternative ways
+of specifying remote POP mailboxes. First, specifying an inbox name
+in the form @samp{po:@var{username}:@var{hostname}} is equivalent to
address@hidden://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}. Alternatively, you may
+set a ``file name'' of @samp{po:@var{username}} in the inbox list of
+an Rmail file. @code{movemail} will handle such a name by opening a
+connection to the POP server. In this case, the @env{MAILHOST}
+environment variable specifies the machine on which to look for the
+POP server.
+
address@hidden IMAP mailboxes
+ Another method for accessing remote mailboxes is IMAP. This method is
+supported only by the Mailutils @code{movemail}. To specify an IMAP
+mailbox in the inbox list, use the following mailbox @acronym{URL}:
address@hidden://@var{username}[:@var{password}]@@@var{hostname}}. The
address@hidden part is optional, as described above.
+
address@hidden rmail-remote-password
address@hidden rmail-remote-password-required
address@hidden rmail-pop-password
address@hidden rmail-pop-password-required
+ Accessing a remote mailbox may require a password. Rmail uses the
+following algorithm to retrieve it:
+
address@hidden
address@hidden
+If the @var{password} is present in mailbox URL (see above), it is
+used.
address@hidden
+If the variable @code{rmail-remote-password} is address@hidden, its
+value is used.
address@hidden
+Otherwise, if @code{rmail-remote-password-required} is address@hidden,
+then Rmail will ask you for the password to use.
address@hidden
+Otherwise, Rmail assumes no password is required.
address@hidden enumerate
+
+ For compatibility with previous versions, the variables
address@hidden and @code{rmail-pop-password-required} may
+be used instead of @code{rmail-remote-password} and
address@hidden
+
address@hidden rmail-movemail-flags
+ If you need to pass additional command-line flags to @code{movemail},
+set the variable @code{rmail-movemail-flags} a list of the flags you
+wish to use. Do not use this variable to pass the @samp{-p} flag to
+preserve your inbox contents; use @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} instead.
+
address@hidden Kerberos POP authentication
+ The @code{movemail} program installed at your site may support
+Kerberos authentication. If it is
+supported, it is used by default whenever you attempt to retrieve
+POP mail when @code{rmail-pop-password} and
address@hidden are unset.
+
address@hidden reverse order in POP inboxes
+ Some POP servers store messages in reverse order. If your server does
+this, and you would rather read your mail in the order in which it was
+received, you can tell @code{movemail} to reverse the order of
+downloaded messages by adding the @samp{-r} flag to
address@hidden
+
address@hidden TLS encryption (Rmail)
+ Mailutils @code{movemail} supports TLS encryption. If you wish to
+use it, add the @samp{--tls} flag to @code{rmail-movemail-flags}.
+
address@hidden Other Mailbox Formats
address@hidden Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in Various Formats
+
+ If your incoming mail is stored on a local machine in a format other
+than UNIX mailbox, you will need the Mailutils @code{movemail} to
+retrieve it. @xref{Movemail}, for the detailed description of
address@hidden versions. For example, to access mail from a inbox in
address@hidden format located in @file{/var/spool/mail/in}, you would
+include the following in the Rmail inbox list:
+
address@hidden
+maildir://var/spool/mail/in
address@hidden smallexample
+
address@hidden
+ arch-tag: 034965f6-38df-47a2-a9f1-b8bc8ab37e23
address@hidden ignore