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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to faq.texi


From: Glenn Morris
Subject: [Emacs-diffs] Changes to faq.texi
Date: Thu, 06 Sep 2007 04:36:15 +0000

CVSROOT:        /sources/emacs
Module name:    emacs
Changes by:     Glenn Morris <gm>       07/09/06 04:36:15

Index: faq.texi
===================================================================
RCS file: faq.texi
diff -N faq.texi
--- faq.texi    22 Aug 2007 07:54:44 -0000      1.112
+++ /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,5590 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo   @c -*- mode: texinfo; -*-
address@hidden %**start of header
address@hidden ../info/efaq
address@hidden GNU Emacs FAQ
address@hidden %**end of header
-
address@hidden odd
-
address@hidden This is used in many places
address@hidden VER 22.1
-
address@hidden This file is maintained by Romain Francoise <address@hidden>.
address@hidden Feel free to install changes without prior permission (but I'd
address@hidden appreciate a notice if you do).
-
address@hidden
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
-Free Software Foundation, address@hidden
-Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. address@hidden
-Copyright 1992,1993 Steven address@hidden
-Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian address@hidden
-
address@hidden
-This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
-(``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
-formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
-
-The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
-itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
-translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
-contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
-latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
-
-The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
-the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
-itself allows free copying and redistribution.
-
-[This version has been heavily edited since it was included in the Emacs
-distribution.]
address@hidden quotation
address@hidden copying
-
address@hidden Emacs
address@hidden
-* Emacs FAQ: (efaq).   Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
address@hidden direntry
-
address@hidden The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version
address@hidden
address@hidden 10
address@hidden @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ}
-
address@hidden The following two commands start the copyright page.
address@hidden
address@hidden 0pt plus 1filll
address@hidden
address@hidden titlepage
-
address@hidden    Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir)
-
-This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}.
-
-This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs.  If you find any errors,
-or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} to report
-them.
-
address@hidden
-* FAQ notation::
-* General questions::
-* Getting help::
-* Status of Emacs::
-* Common requests::
-* Bugs and problems::
-* Compiling and installing Emacs::
-* Finding Emacs and related packages::
-* Major packages and programs::
-* Key bindings::
-* Alternate character sets::
-* Mail and news::
-* Concept index::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top
address@hidden FAQ notation
address@hidden FAQ notation
-
-This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in
-the Emacs documentation.  Consult this section if this is the first time
-you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms
-used in the FAQ.
-
address@hidden
-* Basic keys::
-* Extended commands::
-* On-line manual::
-* File-name conventions::
-* Common acronyms::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation
address@hidden What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, 
@address@hidden a}, etc.?
address@hidden Basic keys
address@hidden Control key, notation for
address@hidden @key{Meta} key, notation for
address@hidden Control-Meta characters, notation for
address@hidden @kbd{C-h}, definition of
address@hidden @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of
address@hidden @key{DEL}, definition of
address@hidden @key{ESC}, definition of
address@hidden @key{LFD}, definition of
address@hidden @key{RET}, definition of
address@hidden @key{SPC}, definition of
address@hidden @key{TAB}, definition of
address@hidden Notation for keys
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key
-(if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key})
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control}
-and @key{Meta}
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: a synonym for the above
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j}
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m}
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as
address@hidden; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if
-deleting invokes Emacs help)
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[}
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i}
-
address@hidden
address@hidden: Space bar
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are
-written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this:
-
address@hidden
-  @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET}
address@hidden display
-
address@hidden
-Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC}
-really means press the space key.
-
-The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
-that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for
-upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31.  On Unix and GNU/Linux
-terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
address@hidden code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}.  Essentially,
address@hidden turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit
address@hidden
-DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is
-pressed.}.
-
address@hidden (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127.  It is a misnomer 
to call
address@hidden  a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.
-Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127.
-
address@hidden Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys,
-Keys, emacs}, for more information.  (@xref{On-line manual}, for more
-information about Info.)
-
address@hidden Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation
address@hidden What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean?
address@hidden Extended commands
address@hidden Commands, extended
address@hidden M-x, meaning of
-
address@hidden @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the
-command, then type @key{RET}.  (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure
-what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.)
-
address@hidden (by default) invokes the command
address@hidden  This command allows you to run any
-Emacs command if you can remember the command's name.  If you can't
-remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for
-completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and
address@hidden (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these
-editing keys) to see previous commands entered.  An Emacs @dfn{command}
-is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function.
-
address@hidden @key{Do} key
-Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke
address@hidden  A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a
-good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key.
-
-If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating
-Emacs Lisp code}.
-
address@hidden On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ 
notation
address@hidden How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?
address@hidden On-line manual, reading topics in
address@hidden Reading topics in the on-line manual
address@hidden Finding topics in the on-line manual
address@hidden Info, finding topics in
-
-When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can
-read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by
-typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}.
-
-This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser.  If you don't
-already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info.
-
-If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
address@hidden m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}.
-
-If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may
-not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them
-improperly.  In this case you should complain.
-
address@hidden a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the
-Emacs manual.
-
address@hidden File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ 
notation
address@hidden What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and 
@file{lisp/default.el}?
address@hidden File-name conventions
address@hidden Conventions for file names
address@hidden Directories and files that come with Emacs
-
-These are files that come with Emacs.  The Emacs distribution is divided
-into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and
address@hidden
-
-If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start
-Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}.  The directory
-name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed
address@hidden directory.  (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable
address@hidden, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the
-documentation of a variable.)
-
-The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation
-is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}.  Use
address@hidden v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of
-this variable, which will be a list of directory names.  The last
-directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored.  By
-default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}.
-
-Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see
address@hidden files for Emacs}.  They all are available in the
-source distribution.  Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are
-also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?}
-(@kbd{M-x help-for-help}).
-
-Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and
-many files from the @file{etc} directory.
-
address@hidden Common acronyms,  , File-name conventions, FAQ notation
address@hidden What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?
address@hidden FSF, definition of
address@hidden LPF, definition of
address@hidden OSF, definition of
address@hidden GNU, definition of
address@hidden RMS, definition of
address@hidden Stallman, Richard, acronym for
address@hidden Richard Stallman, acronym for
address@hidden FTP, definition of
address@hidden GPL, definition of
address@hidden Acronyms, definitions for
address@hidden Common acronyms, definitions for
-
address@hidden @asis
-
address@hidden FSF
-Free Software Foundation
-
address@hidden LPF
-League for Programming Freedom
-
address@hidden OSF
-Open Software Foundation
-
address@hidden GNU
-GNU's Not Unix
-
address@hidden RMS
-Richard Matthew Stallman
-
address@hidden FTP
-File Transfer Protocol
-
address@hidden GPL
-GNU General Public License
-
address@hidden table
-
-Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF.  The LPF opposes
-look-and-feel copyrights and software patents.  The FSF aims to make
-high quality free software available for everyone.  The OSF is a
-consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for
-Unix systems.
-
-The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to
-``freedom,'' not ``zero cost.''  Anyone can charge any price for
-GPL-covered software that they want to.  However, in practice, the
-freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always
-get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has
-the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden    General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top
address@hidden General questions
address@hidden General questions
-
-This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the
-Free Software Foundation, and related organizations.
-
address@hidden
-* The LPF::
-* Real meaning of copyleft::
-* Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
-* Newsgroup archives::
-* Reporting bugs::
-* Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
-* Contacting the FSF::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General 
questions
address@hidden What is the LPF?
address@hidden LPF, description of
address@hidden League for Programming Freedom
address@hidden Software patents, opposition to
address@hidden Patents for software, opposition to
-
-The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and
-look-and-feel copyrights.  To get more information, feel free to contact
-the LPF via e-mail or otherwise.  You may also contact
address@hidden@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you
-about the LPF.
-
-You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}.
-More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and
-also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}.
-
address@hidden Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The 
LPF, General questions
address@hidden What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
address@hidden Copyleft, real meaning of
address@hidden GPL, real meaning of
address@hidden General Public License, real meaning of
address@hidden Discussion of the GPL
-
-The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will
-only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope.
-There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to
-set any precedents.  Please take any discussion regarding this issue to
-the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the
-extensive flame wars on the subject.
-
-RMS writes:
-
address@hidden
-The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit,
-which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining
-to Emacs should also be free software.  ``Free'' means that all users
-have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs.  To make
-sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you
-distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the
-recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed.
address@hidden quotation
-
address@hidden Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real 
meaning of copyleft, General questions
address@hidden  What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, 
@uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.?
address@hidden Newsgroups, appropriate messages for
address@hidden GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for
address@hidden Usenet groups, appropriate messages for
address@hidden Mailing lists, appropriate messages for
address@hidden Posting messages to newsgroups
-
address@hidden GNU mailing lists
-The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU
-mailing list.  (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy
-of the file.)  For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it
-lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address.
-
-The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs
-in general.  This includes Emacs along with various other
-implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG,
-Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon.
-
-Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they
-don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups.  Arguments have been
-made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to
address@hidden:comp.emacs}.  You have to decide for yourself.
-
-Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on
-any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss},
-which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject.
-``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't
-freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements.  Be careful to
-remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when
-posting a followup that recommends such software.
-
address@hidden:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid
-posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}).
-
address@hidden Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup 
postings, General questions
address@hidden Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and 
other GNU groups?
address@hidden Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help}
address@hidden Usenet archives for GNU groups
address@hidden Old Usenet postings for GNU groups
-
-The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many
-years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage.  The
-archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve
-individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
-
-The archive is at @uref{ftp://lists.gnu.org/}.
-
-The archive can be browsed over the web at
address@hidden://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}.
-
-Web-based Usenet search services, such as
address@hidden://groups.google.com/groups/dir?sel=33592484, Google}, also
-archive the @code{gnu.*} groups.
-
-You can read the archives of the @code{gnu.*} groups and post new
-messages at @uref{http://gmane.org/, Gmane}.
-
address@hidden Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup 
archives, General questions
address@hidden Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs?
address@hidden Bug reporting
address@hidden Good bug reports
address@hidden How to submit a bug report
address@hidden Reporting bugs
-
-The correct way to report Emacs bugs is to use the command
address@hidden report-emacs-bug}.  It sets up a mail buffer with the
-essential information and the correct e-mail address which is
address@hidden@@gnu.org} for the released versions of Emacs.
-Anything sent to @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} also appears in the
-newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of
-news to submit the bug report.  This ensures a reliable return address
-so you can be contacted for further details.
-
-Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting
-a bug!  The manual describes in detail how to submit a useful bug
-report (@pxref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
-(@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the manual.)
-
-RMS says:
-
address@hidden
-Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the
-effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because
-it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of
-whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem.
address@hidden@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people
-who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to
-receive more messages about Emacs than the others.
address@hidden quotation
-
-RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}:
-
address@hidden
-If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix,
-then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on
address@hidden asking if anyone can help you.
address@hidden quotation
-
-If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following
-non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS:
-
address@hidden
-If Emacs crashes, that is a bug.  If Emacs gets compilation errors
-while building, that is a bug.  If Emacs crashes while building, that
-is a bug.  If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it
-does, that is a bug.
address@hidden quotation
-
address@hidden Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting 
bugs, General questions
address@hidden  How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list?
address@hidden Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists
address@hidden Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists
-
-If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be
-able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address
address@hidden@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}.  However, this will not work if you 
are
-not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a
-distribution point.  In that case, you will have to track down at which
-distribution point you are listed.  Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers
-on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or
address@hidden sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address}
-smtp}.  Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these
-details.
-
address@hidden Contacting the FSF,  , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General 
questions
address@hidden  What is the current address of the FSF?
address@hidden Snail mail address of the FSF
address@hidden Postal address of the FSF
address@hidden Contracting the FSF
address@hidden Free Software Foundation, contacting
-
address@hidden @asis
-
address@hidden E-mail
-gnu@@gnu.org
-
address@hidden Telephone
-+1-617-542-5942
-
address@hidden Fax
-+1-617-542-2652
-
address@hidden World Wide Web
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/}
-
address@hidden Postal address
-Free Software address@hidden
-51 Franklin Street, Fifth address@hidden
-Boston, MA address@hidden
address@hidden
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Ordering GNU software
-For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top
address@hidden Getting help
address@hidden Getting help
-
-This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs
-
address@hidden
-* Basic editing::
-* Learning how to do something::
-* Getting a printed manual::
-* Emacs Lisp documentation::
-* Installing Texinfo documentation::
-* Printing a Texinfo file::
-* Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
-* Informational files for Emacs::
-* Help installing Emacs::
-* Obtaining the FAQ::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, 
Getting help
address@hidden I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
address@hidden Basic editing with Emacs
address@hidden Beginning editing
address@hidden Tutorial, invoking the
address@hidden Self-paced tutorial, invoking the
address@hidden Help system, entering the
-
-Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial.  Just typing
address@hidden enters the help system.  Starting with Emacs 22, the tutorial
-is available in many foreign languages such as French, German, Japanese,
-Russian, etc.  Use @kbd{M-x help-with-tutorial-spec-language @key{RET}}
-to choose your language and start the tutorial.
-
-Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like
address@hidden to deal with local keyboards.  You can use @kbd{M-x
-help-for-help} instead to invoke help.  To discover what key (if any)
-invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET}
-help-for-help @key{RET}}.  This will print a comma-separated list of key
-sequences in the echo area.  Ignore the last character in each key
-sequence listed.  Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help.
-
-Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value
-should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}.
-
address@hidden Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic 
editing, Getting help
address@hidden How do I find out how to do something in Emacs?
address@hidden Help for Emacs
address@hidden Learning to do something in Emacs
address@hidden Reference card for Emacs
address@hidden Overview of help systems
-
-There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs.
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden Reading the Emacs manual
address@hidden
-The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info
-hypertext reader.  Type @kbd{C-h r} to display the manual in Info mode.
-Typing @key{h} immediately after entering Info will provide a short
-tutorial on how to use it.
-
address@hidden Lookup a subject in a manual
address@hidden Index search in a manual
address@hidden
-To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain
-issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
address@hidden i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the
-topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for.  If this
-does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,}
-(comma) repeatedly until you find what you need.  (The @kbd{i} and
address@hidden,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the
address@hidden you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.)
-
address@hidden Apropos
address@hidden
-You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word
-(actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x
-command-apropos}).
-
address@hidden Command description in the manual
address@hidden
-The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
-for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the
-Emacs manual where that command is described.
-
address@hidden Finding commands and variables
address@hidden
-You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a
-certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}.
-
address@hidden
-You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation
-matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x
-apropos-documentation}.
-
address@hidden
-You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF.  @xref{Getting a
-printed manual}.
-
address@hidden Reference cards, in other languages
address@hidden
-You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to
-invoke them.  You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5),
-or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcards/refcard.tex} or
address@hidden/refcards/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution.
-Beginning with version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with
-translations of the reference card into several languages; look for
-files named @file{etc/refcards/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang}
-is a two-letter code of the language.  For example, the German version
-of the reference card is in the files @file{etc/refcards/de-refcard.tex}
-and @file{etc/recards/de-refcard.ps}.
-
address@hidden
-There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and
-information.  To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after
address@hidden
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how 
to do something, Getting help
address@hidden How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual?
address@hidden Printed Emacs manual, obtaining
address@hidden Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
address@hidden Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
-
-You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF.  For
-details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
-
address@hidden The number 620 below is version-dependent!
-The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man}
-directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to
-print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo
-file}).
-
-If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{},
-you can get a PostScript version from
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.ps.gz}
-
address@hidden HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining
-An HTML version of the manual is at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.html}
-
-The manual is available in other formats at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/}
-
address@hidden how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line.
-
address@hidden Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, 
Getting a printed manual, Getting help
address@hidden Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp?
address@hidden Documentation on Emacs Lisp
address@hidden Function documentation
address@hidden Variable documentation
address@hidden Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
address@hidden Reference manual for Emacs Lisp
-
-Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a
-function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable.
-
-For more information, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available
-on-line, in Info format.  @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
-Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
-
-You can also order a hardcopy of the manual, details on ordering it from
-FSF are on the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
-
-An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp-manual/elisp.html}
-
address@hidden Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs 
Lisp documentation, Getting help
address@hidden How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
address@hidden Texinfo documentation, installing
address@hidden Installing Texinfo documentation
address@hidden New Texinfo files, installing
address@hidden Documentation, installing new Texinfo files
address@hidden Info files, how to install
-
-First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files.  You may do this
-using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest
-Texinfo package at
-
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.8.tar.gz}
-
-and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
-distributions}).
-
-For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which
-comes with the Texinfo package.  This manual also comes installed in
-Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo
address@hidden
-
-Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x
-texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the
-manual you want to convert.
-
-Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the
-resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree.  To install Info files,
-perform these steps:
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
-Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs
-distribution.  @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that
-is.
-
address@hidden
-Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo
-distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this:
-
address@hidden
- install-info address@hidden @var{dir-path}/@var{file}
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied
-the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file
-you produced and want to install.
-
-If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can
-edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and
-add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are
-installing.  Follow the examples already in this file.  The format is:
-
address@hidden
-* Topic: (relative-pathname).  Short description of topic.
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden enumerate
-
-If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary
-privileges, you have several options:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used.
-You can use a prefix argument for the @code{info} command and specify
-the name of the Info file in the minibuffer.  This goes to the node
-named @samp{Top} in that file.  For example, to view a Info file named
address@hidden@var{info-file}} in your home directory, you can type this:
-
address@hidden
address@hidden C-h i ~/@var{info-file} @key{RET}}
address@hidden example
-
-Alternatively, you can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node}
-command (invoked by pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name
-of the file in parentheses, like this:
-
address@hidden
address@hidden i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}}
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-You can create your own Info directory.  You can tell Emacs where that
-Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable
address@hidden  For example, to use a private Info
-directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info},
-you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(setq Info-default-directory-list
-      (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list))
address@hidden lisp
-
-You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory
-which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should
-list only entries for Info files in that directory.  You might not need
-it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir}
-files.  The node lists from all @file{dir} files in
address@hidden are merged by the Info system.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, 
Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help
address@hidden How do I print a Texinfo file?
address@hidden Printing a Texinfo file
address@hidden Texinfo file, printing
address@hidden Printing documentation
-
-You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have
-the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print.
-
-Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps:
-
address@hidden
-
address@hidden
-Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this:
-
address@hidden
-\input texinfo
address@hidden example
-
-You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the
address@hidden file, which comes with Emacs as
address@hidden/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory).
-
address@hidden
-Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is
-the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a
-printed copy.
-
-The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution
-(@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
-
address@hidden
-Print the DVI file @address@hidden in the normal way for
-printing DVI files at your site.  For example, if you have a PostScript
-printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that
-printer.
-
address@hidden enumerate
-
-To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package
-(@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
-
address@hidden Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for 
Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help
address@hidden Can I view Info files without using Emacs?
address@hidden Viewing Info files
address@hidden Info file viewers
address@hidden Alternative Info file viewers
-
-Yes.  Here are some alternative programs:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
address@hidden, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of
-the Texinfo package.  @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for
-details.
-
address@hidden
-Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X
-Window system.  You can get it at
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all
-mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a
-list of mirrors).
-
address@hidden
-Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk.
-You can get Tkinfo at
address@hidden://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing 
Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help
address@hidden What informational files are available for Emacs?
address@hidden Informational files included with Emacs
address@hidden Files included with Emacs
address@hidden @file{COPYING}, description of file
address@hidden @file{DISTRIB}, description of file
address@hidden @file{FTP}, description of file
address@hidden @file{GNU}, description of file
address@hidden @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file
address@hidden @file{LPF}, description of file
address@hidden @file{MACHINES}, description of file
address@hidden @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file
address@hidden @file{NEWS}, description of file
address@hidden @file{SERVICE}, description of file
address@hidden @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file
-
-This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be!  A variety of
-informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project
-are available for you to read.
-
-The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the
-Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure
-where that is).
-
address@hidden @file
-
address@hidden COPYING
-GNU General Public License
-
address@hidden DISTRIB
-Emacs Availability Information, including the popular Free Software
-Foundation Order Form
-
address@hidden FTP
-How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP
-
address@hidden GNU
-The GNU Manifesto
-
address@hidden INTERVIEW
-Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software
-system with BYTE editors
-
address@hidden LPF
-Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom
-
address@hidden MACHINES
-Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems
-
address@hidden MAILINGLISTS
-GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists
-
address@hidden NEWS
-Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes
-
address@hidden SERVICE
-GNU Service Directory
-
address@hidden SUN-SUPPORT
-including ``Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs''
-
address@hidden table
-
-More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's
-Bulletin}, are at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and
-
address@hidden://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html}
-
address@hidden Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files 
for Emacs, Getting help
address@hidden Where can I get help in installing Emacs?
address@hidden Installation help
address@hidden Help installing Emacs
-
address@hidden Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see
address@hidden building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you
-have problems with the installation.
-
-The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're
-not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell
-you help in installing or using Emacs.  An up-to-date version this file
-is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for
-Emacs}).
-
address@hidden Obtaining the FAQ,  , Help installing Emacs, Getting help
address@hidden Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ?
address@hidden FAQ, obtaining the
address@hidden Latest FAQ version, obtaining the
address@hidden Retrieving the latest FAQ version
address@hidden E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via
address@hidden Web, reading the FAQ on the
-
-The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Inside of Emacs itself.  You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs
-FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top
-of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}).
-
address@hidden
-Via USENET.  If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your
-news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and
address@hidden:comp.emacs} newsgroups.  Every news reader should allow you
-to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you
-have read the article before.  You may need to read the instructions for
-your news reader to discover how to do this.  In @file{rn}, this command
-will do this for you at the article selection level:
-
address@hidden
-?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m
address@hidden example
-
-In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*}
-buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view
-all articles in a newsgroup.
-
-If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news
-spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
-administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a
-while.
-
address@hidden
-In the Emacs distribution.  Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time
-of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either
address@hidden/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}).
-
address@hidden
-Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in
-Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to
-news.answers.  The Emacs FAQs are available at
-
address@hidden://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and
-
address@hidden://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/}
-
-If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives
-using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server.  The Emacs FAQ can be
-retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a
-blank subject and containing
-
address@hidden
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4
-send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5
address@hidden example
-
-For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu}
-with @samp{help} and @samp{index} in the body on separate lines.
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden    Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top
address@hidden Status of Emacs
address@hidden Status of Emacs
-
-This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its
-latest version status.
-
address@hidden
-* Origin of the term Emacs::
-* Latest version of Emacs::
-* New in Emacs 20::
-* New in Emacs 21::
-* New in Emacs 22::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of 
Emacs, Status of Emacs
address@hidden Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from?
address@hidden Origin of the term ``Emacs''
address@hidden Emacs name origin
address@hidden TECO
address@hidden Original version of Emacs
-
-Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS.  RMS says he ``picked
-the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at
-the time.''  The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT
-by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape
-Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10.  RMS had already extended
-TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys.
-Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project
-to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT,
-and completed by RMS.
-
-Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you
-can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}.  Someone has written a TECO
-implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not
-come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the
-original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs.
-
address@hidden Why Emacs?
-For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that
-name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name
-conventions}).
-
address@hidden Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term 
Emacs, Status of Emacs
address@hidden What is the latest version of Emacs?
address@hidden Version, latest
address@hidden Latest version of Emacs
-
-Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing.
-
address@hidden New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, 
Status of Emacs
address@hidden What is different about Emacs 20?
address@hidden Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20
address@hidden Emacs 20, new features in
-
-To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h C-n}
-(@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}).  The oldest changes are at the bottom of
-the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at
-the top.
-
-The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic;
-the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was
-obvious to even the most casual user.
-
-There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many
-are more subtle or harder to find.  Among the changes are the inclusion
-of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing
-several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for
-modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion
-of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms.
-
-A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the
-calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20,
-and are now included with the standard distribution.
-
-
address@hidden New in Emacs 21, New in Emacs 22, New in Emacs 20, Status of 
Emacs
address@hidden What is different about Emacs 21?
address@hidden Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21
address@hidden Emacs 21, new features in
address@hidden Recently introduced features
-
address@hidden Variable-size fonts
address@hidden Toolbar support
-Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine.  The new
-display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds
-on platforms which support that.  As a result, the visual appearance of
-Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of
-modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and
-the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips
-(a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties.
-
address@hidden Colors on text-only terminals
address@hidden TTY colors
-In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals.  This means
-that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console
-and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}.
-
address@hidden New in Emacs 22,  , New in Emacs 21, Status of Emacs
address@hidden What is different about Emacs 22?
address@hidden Differences between Emacs 21 and Emacs 22
address@hidden Emacs 22, new features in
address@hidden Recently introduced features
address@hidden Default features
-
address@hidden
address@hidden GTK+ Toolkit
address@hidden Drag-and-drop
address@hidden
-Emacs can be built with GTK+ widgets, and supports drag-and-drop
-operation on X.
-
address@hidden Supported systems
address@hidden
-Emacs 22 features support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 and x86-64
-machines, as well as support for the Mac OS X and Cygwin operating
-systems.
-
address@hidden
-The native MS-Windows, Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X builds include full support
-for images, toolbar, and tooltips.
-
address@hidden
-Font Lock mode, Auto Compression mode, and File Name Shadow Mode are
-enabled by default.
-
address@hidden
-The maximum size of buffers has been doubled and is 256M on 32-bit
-machines.
-
address@hidden
-Links can be followed with @kbd{mouse-1}, in addition to @kbd{mouse-2}.
-
address@hidden Mouse wheel
address@hidden
-Mouse wheel support is enabled by default.
-
address@hidden
-Window fringes are customizable.
-
address@hidden
-The mode line of the selected window is now highlighted.
-
address@hidden
-The minibuffer prompt is displayed in a distinct face.
-
address@hidden
-Abbrev definitions are read automatically at startup.
-
address@hidden
-Grep mode is separate from Compilation mode and has many new options and
-commands specific to grep.
-
address@hidden
-The original Emacs macro system has been replaced by the new Kmacro
-package, which provides many new commands and features and a simple
-interface that uses the function keys F3 and F4.  Macros are stored in a
-macro ring, and can be debugged and edited interactively.
-
address@hidden
-The Grand Unified Debugger (GUD) can be used with a full graphical user
-interface to GDB; this provides many features found in traditional
-development environments, making it easy to manipulate breakpoints, add
-watch points, display the call stack, etc.  Breakpoints are visually
-indicated in the source buffer.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden New modes
-Many new modes and packages have been included in Emacs, such as Calc,
-TRAMP, URL, IDO, CUA, ERC, rcirc, Table, Image-Dired, SES, Ruler, Org,
-PGG, Flymake, Password, Printing, Reveal, wdired, t-mouse, longlines,
-savehist, Conf mode, Python mode, DNS mode, etc.
-
address@hidden Multilingual Environment
address@hidden
-Leim is now part of Emacs.  Unicode support has been much improved, and
-the following input methods have been added: belarusian, bulgarian-bds,
-bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng, croatian, dutch, georgian,
-latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix, latvian-keyboard,
-lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
-russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ucs,
-ukrainian-computer, vietnamese-telex, and welsh.
-
-The following language environments have also been added: Belarusian,
-Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-6,
-Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish,
-Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8, Ukrainian, Welsh, and Windows-1255.
-
address@hidden Documentation
address@hidden Emacs Lisp Manual
address@hidden
-In addition, Emacs 22 now includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
-(@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) and the Emacs Lisp Intro.
address@hidden itemize
-
-Many other changes have been made in Emacs 22, use @kbd{C-h n} to get a
-full list.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden    Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top
address@hidden Common requests
address@hidden Common requests
-
address@hidden
-* Setting up a customization file::
-* Using Customize::
-* Colors on a TTY::
-* Debugging a customization file::
-* Displaying the current line or column::
-* Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
-* Turning on abbrevs by default::
-* Associating modes with files::
-* Highlighting a region::
-* Replacing highlighted text::
-* Controlling case sensitivity::
-* Working with unprintable characters::
-* Searching for/replacing newlines::
-* Yanking text in isearch::
-* Wrapping words automatically::
-* Turning on auto-fill by default::
-* Spell-checkers::
-* Checking TeX and *roff documents::
-* Changing load-path::
-* Using an already running Emacs process::
-* Compiler error messages::
-* Indenting switch statements::
-* Customizing C and C++ indentation::
-* Horizontal scrolling::
-* Overwrite mode::
-* Turning off beeping::
-* Turning the volume down::
-* Automatic indentation::
-* Matching parentheses::
-* Hiding #ifdef lines::
-* Repeating commands::
-* Valid X resources::
-* Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
-* Changing the length of a Tab::
-* Inserting text at the beginning of each line::
-* Underlining paragraphs::
-* Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
-* Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
-* Using regular expressions::
-* Replacing text across multiple files::
-* Documentation for etags::
-* Disabling backups::
-* Disabling auto-save-mode::
-* Going to a line by number::
-* Modifying pull-down menus::
-* Deleting menus and menu options::
-* Turning on syntax highlighting::
-* Scrolling only one line::
-* Editing MS-DOS files::
-* Filling paragraphs with a single space::
-* Escape sequences in shell output::
-* Fullscreen mode on MS-Windows::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Setting up a customization file, Using Customize, Common 
requests, Common requests
address@hidden How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly?
address@hidden @file{.emacs} file, setting up
address@hidden @file{.emacs} file, locating
address@hidden Init file, setting up
address@hidden Customization file, setting up
-
address@hidden File, Init File, emacs}.
-
-In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because
-it causes confusing non-standard behavior.  Then they send questions to
address@hidden@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as
-documented.
-
-Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize facility
-(@pxref{Using Customize}).  This allows users who are unfamiliar with
-Emacs Lisp to modify their @file{.emacs} files in a relatively
-straightforward way, using menus rather than Lisp code.  Most packages
-support Customize as of this writing.
-
-While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs,
-consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your
address@hidden directly.  Simple configuration options are described
-rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users
-interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks.
-
-Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should
-be found.  Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find
-the correct file.
-
address@hidden Using Customize, Colors on a TTY, Setting up a customization 
file, Common requests
address@hidden How do I start using Customize?
address@hidden Customize groups
address@hidden Customizing variables
address@hidden Customizing faces
-
-The main Customize entry point is @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}.  This
-command takes you to a buffer listing all the available Customize
-groups.  From there, you can access all customizable options and faces,
-change their values, and save your changes to your init file.
address@hidden Customization, Easy Customization, emacs}.
-
-If you know the name of the group in advance (e.g. ``shell''), use
address@hidden customize-group @key{RET}}.
-
-If you wish to customize a single option, use @kbd{M-x customize-option
address@hidden  This command prompts you for the name of the option to
-customize, with completion.
-
address@hidden Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Using 
Customize, Common requests
address@hidden How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY?
address@hidden Colors on a TTY
address@hidden Syntax highlighting on a TTY
address@hidden Console, colors
-
-In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode,
-i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when
-invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X, MS-Windows, and Mac.  (Colors and faces were
-supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.)  Emacs automatically
-detects color support at startup and uses it if available.  If you think
-that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the
address@hidden entry for your display type for color-related
-capabilities.
-
-The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which
-exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display.
-
-Syntax highlighting is on by default since version 22.1.
-
address@hidden Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or 
column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests
address@hidden How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file?
address@hidden Debugging @file{.emacs} file
address@hidden @file{.emacs} debugging
address@hidden Init file debugging
address@hidden @samp{-debug-init} option
-
-Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option.  This
-enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs}
-file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong.  The top
-line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the
-second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your
address@hidden file that caused the problem.
-
-You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function
-in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the
-function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x
-eval-last-sexp}).
-
-Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of
-variables which you are trying to set or use.
-
address@hidden Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current 
file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
address@hidden @code{line-number-mode}
address@hidden Displaying the current line or column
address@hidden Line number, displaying the current
address@hidden Column, displaying the current
address@hidden @code{mode-line-format}
-
-To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point
-in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}.  You can also put the
-form
-
address@hidden
-(setq line-number-mode t)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs.
-(Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific
-initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line
-number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the
-variable @code{line-number-display-limit}.
-
-You can similarly display the current column with
address@hidden column-number-mode}, or by putting the form
-
address@hidden
-(setq column-number-mode t)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-in your @file{.emacs} file.
-
-The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format}
-will insert the current column's value into the mode line.  See the
-documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v
-mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use
-this variable.
-
-Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the
address@hidden package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per
-Abrahamsen}.  @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for
-instructions on how to get it.
-
address@hidden Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators
-None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number''
-capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know).  The @samp{setnu} package
-written by @email{kyle@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} provides this
-feature.  So too does @samp{wb-line-number}, written by
address@hidden@@nifty.com, Naoki Nakamura}.
-
address@hidden Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on 
abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests
address@hidden How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name?
address@hidden Titlebar, displaying the current file name in
address@hidden File name, displaying in the titlebar
address@hidden @code{frame-title-format}
-
-The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable
address@hidden, which has the same structure as the variable
address@hidden  (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x
-describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these
-variables.)
-
-By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer
-currently being visited, except if there is a single frame.  In such a
-case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the
-machine at which Emacs was invoked.  This is done by setting
address@hidden to the default value of
-
address@hidden
-(multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name))
address@hidden lisp
-
-To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's
-name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following
-in your @file{.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-(setq frame-title-format "%b")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Turning on abbrevs by default, Associating modes with files, 
Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests
address@hidden How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}?
address@hidden Abbrevs, turning on by default
-
-Put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(condition-case ()
-   (quietly-read-abbrev-file)
-  (file-error nil))
-
-(add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook
-          (lambda ()
-           (setq abbrev-mode t)))
address@hidden lisp
-
-Starting with Emacs 22, the standard abbrevs file is read automatically
-at startup, so the first of these two forms becomes unnecessary.
-
address@hidden Associating modes with files, Highlighting a region, Turning on 
abbrevs by default, Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
address@hidden Associating modes with files
address@hidden File extensions and modes
address@hidden @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying
address@hidden Modes, associating with file extensions
-
-If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end
-with the extension @address@hidden, this will do it for you:
-
address@hidden
-(setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("address@hidden'" . @var{foo}-mode) 
auto-mode-alist))
address@hidden lisp
-
-Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to
-edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins
-with @samp{#!}):
-
address@hidden
--*- @var{foo} -*-
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Major mode for shell scripts
-Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist}
-specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script.  (Emacs
-determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of
-the script.)  This feature only applies when the file name doesn't
-indicate which mode to use.  Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
-describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more.
-
address@hidden Highlighting a region, Replacing highlighted text, Associating 
modes with files, Common requests
address@hidden How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
address@hidden Highlighting text
address@hidden Text, highlighting
address@hidden @code{transient-mark-mode}
address@hidden Region, highlighting a
-
-You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
-including
-
address@hidden
-(transient-mark-mode t)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-in your @file{.emacs} file.
-
address@hidden Replacing highlighted text, Controlling case sensitivity, 
Highlighting a region, Common requests
address@hidden How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
address@hidden @code{delete-selection-mode}
address@hidden Replacing highlighted text
address@hidden Highlighting and replacing text
-
-Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
-placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(delete-selection-mode 1)
address@hidden lisp
-
-According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
-(which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
-delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
-
address@hidden
-When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active.
-When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point.
address@hidden quotation
-
-This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
-pressing @key{DEL}.
-
address@hidden Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable 
characters, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests
address@hidden How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when 
searching/replacing?
address@hidden @code{case-fold-search}
address@hidden Case sensitivity of searches
address@hidden Searching without case sensitivity
address@hidden Ignoring case in searches
-
-For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search}
-determines whether they are case sensitive:
-
address@hidden
-(setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
-(setq case-fold-search t)   ; make searches case insensitive
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Case sensitivity in replacements
address@hidden Replacing, and case sensitivity
address@hidden @code{case-replace}
-Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
-whether replacements preserve case.
-
-You can also toggle case sensitivity at will in isearch with @kbd{M-c}.
-
-To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
-mode's hook.  For example:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
-          (lambda ()
-           (setq case-fold-search nil)))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Working with unprintable characters, Searching for/replacing 
newlines, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests
address@hidden How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit 
or control) characters?
address@hidden Unprintable characters, working with
address@hidden Working with unprintable characters
address@hidden Control characters, working with
address@hidden Eight-bit characters, working with
address@hidden Searching for unprintable characters
address@hidden Regexps and unprintable characters
-
-To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for
-example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}.  (This assumes
-the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).)
-Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a
-regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search.  The easiest regexp to use for
-the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable
-chars.
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]}
-
address@hidden
-Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]}
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-To type these special characters in an interactive argument to
address@hidden or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to
-use @kbd{C-q}.  (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand
-respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.)  So,
-to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}:
-
address@hidden re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q 
@key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}}
-
-Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}:
-
address@hidden [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]}
-
-To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp:
-
address@hidden replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q 
@key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}}
-
-Replacing is similar to the above.  To replace all unprintable
-characters with a colon, use:
-
-M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l 
@key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET}
-
address@hidden Searching for/replacing newlines, Yanking text in isearch, 
Working with unprintable characters, Common requests
address@hidden How do I input a newline character in isearch or query-replace?
address@hidden Searching for newlines
address@hidden Replacing newlines
-
-Use @kbd{C-q C-j}.  For more information, see @inforef{Special Isearch,
-Special Input for Incremental Search, emacs}.
-
-
address@hidden Yanking text in isearch, Wrapping words automatically, Searching 
for/replacing newlines, Common requests
address@hidden How do I copy text from the kill ring into the search string?
address@hidden Yanking text into the search string
address@hidden isearch yanking
-
-Use @kbd{M-y}.  @inforef{Isearch Yank, Isearch Yanking, emacs}.
-
address@hidden Wrapping words automatically, Turning on auto-fill by default, 
Yanking text in isearch, Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
address@hidden Wrapping word automatically
address@hidden Wrapping lines
address@hidden Line wrap
address@hidden @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to
address@hidden Maximum line width, default value
address@hidden @code{fill-column}, default value
-
-Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}.
-The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable
address@hidden  To learn how to turn this on automatically, see
address@hidden on auto-fill by default}.
-
address@hidden Turning on auto-fill by default, Spell-checkers, Wrapping words 
automatically, Common requests
address@hidden How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
address@hidden @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
address@hidden Filling automatically
address@hidden Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
-
-To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
-auto-fill-mode}.
-
-To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
-for that mode.  For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
-text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
address@hidden lisp
-
-If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Turning on 
auto-fill by default, Common requests
address@hidden Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
address@hidden Checking spelling
address@hidden Spelling, checking text documents
-
-Use Ispell.  @xref{Ispell}.
-
address@hidden Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, 
Spell-checkers, Common requests
address@hidden How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents?
address@hidden Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents
address@hidden @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in
-
-Use Ispell.  Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents.
address@hidden
-
address@hidden Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, 
Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests
address@hidden How do I change @code{load-path}?
address@hidden @code{load-path}, modifying
address@hidden Modifying @code{load-path}
address@hidden Adding to @code{load-path}
-
-In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}.  You can add
-directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path))
address@hidden lisp
-
-To do this relative to your home directory:
-
address@hidden
-(setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, 
Changing load-path, Common requests
address@hidden How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
address@hidden @code{emacsclient}
address@hidden Emacs server functions
address@hidden Using an existing Emacs process
-
address@hidden, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using
-an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs.  It does
-this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be
-expecting the request.
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Setup:
-
-Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for
address@hidden to work.  This can be done either by a command line
-option:
-
address@hidden
-emacs -f server-start
address@hidden example
-
-or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-(if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start))
address@hidden lisp
-
-When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket named
address@hidden in @file{/tmp/address@hidden See
address@hidden
-
-To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke
address@hidden, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR}
-(or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}.  You may
-have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program
-instead.  Examples:
-
address@hidden
-# csh commands:
-setenv EDITOR emacsclient
-
-# using full pathname
-setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
-
-# sh command:
-EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-Normal use:
-
-When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the socket and passes its
-command line options to Emacs, which at the next opportunity will visit
-the files specified.  (Line numbers can be specified just like with
-Emacs.)  The user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand.  When
-the user is done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or
address@hidden server-edit}) to indicate this.  If there is another buffer
-requested by @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
address@hidden will exit, signaling the calling program to continue.
-
address@hidden @code{gnuserv}
-There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient} called
address@hidden, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman}
-(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).  @samp{gnuserv} uses
-Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections.
-
-The most recent @samp{gnuserv} package is available at
-
address@hidden://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/}
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an 
already running Emacs process, Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
address@hidden Compiler error messages, recognizing
address@hidden Recognizing non-standard compiler errors
address@hidden Regexps for recognizing compiler errors
address@hidden Errors, recognizing compiler
-
-Customize the @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} variable.
-
address@hidden Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, 
Compiler error messages, Common requests
address@hidden How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}?
address@hidden @code{switch}, indenting
address@hidden Indenting of @code{switch}
-
-Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this:
-
address@hidden
-f()
address@hidden
-  switch(x) @{
-    case A:
-      x1;
-      break;
-    case B:
-      x2;
-      break;
-    default:
-      x3;
-  @}
address@hidden
address@hidden example
-
-The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and
address@hidden to -2.  However, this will give you an indentation
-spacing of four instead of two.
-
-The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for
-C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to your
address@hidden:
-
address@hidden
-(c-set-offset 'case-label '+)
address@hidden lisp
-
-There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}.
-
address@hidden Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, 
Indenting switch statements, Common requests
address@hidden How to customize indentation in C, address@hidden, and Java 
buffers?
address@hidden Indentation, how to customize
address@hidden Customize indentation
-
-The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for
-customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the
address@hidden Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see
address@hidden Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode,
-The CC Mode Manual}.  Here's a short summary of the procedure:
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
-Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the
-indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}.  Emacs will prompt you for the
-syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests.
-
address@hidden
-Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the
-default (the current definition) inside parentheses.  You can choose
-one of these:
-
address@hidden @code
address@hidden 0
-No extra indentation.
address@hidden +
-Indent one basic offset.
address@hidden -
-Outdent one basic offset.
address@hidden ++
-Indent two basic offsets
address@hidden --
-Outdent two basic offsets.
address@hidden *
-Indent half basic offset.
address@hidden /
-Outdent half basic offset.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden
-After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent
-the line or the block according to what you just specified.
-
address@hidden
-If you don't like the result, go back to step 1.  Otherwise, add the
-following line to your @file{.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-(c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset})
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer
-when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and
address@hidden is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+},
address@hidden/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive
-procedure.
-
address@hidden
-Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat
-the process there.
address@hidden enumerate
-
-It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)}
-customizations inside a C mode hook, like this:
-
address@hidden
-(defun my-c-mode-hook ()
-  (c-set-offset ...)
-  (c-set-offset ...))
-(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @address@hidden(require
-'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset}
-might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded.
-
-Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use
address@hidden for address@hidden sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for
-Java sources, etc.  If you want the same customizations to be in
-effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use
address@hidden
-
address@hidden Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ 
indentation, Common requests
address@hidden How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
address@hidden @code{hscroll-mode}
address@hidden Horizontal scrolling
address@hidden Scrolling horizontally
-
-In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable
address@hidden is address@hidden in the current buffer, Emacs
-automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the
-left or right edge of the window.
-
-Note that this is overridden by the variable
address@hidden if that variable is non-nil
-and the current buffer is not full-frame width.
-
-In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}.  Here is some information from
-the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}:
-
-Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the
-left or right edge of the window.
-
address@hidden @minus
address@hidden
-Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer.
-
address@hidden
-Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden is useful in mode hooks as in:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
address@hidden controls how close the cursor can get to the
-edge of the window.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden controls how far to jump once we decide to do so.
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, 
Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of 
inserting?
address@hidden @key{Insert}
address@hidden @code{overwrite-mode}
address@hidden Overwriting existing text
address@hidden Toggling @code{overwrite-mode}
-
address@hidden overwrite-mode} (a minor mode).  This toggles
address@hidden on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode}
-is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}.
-
-On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off.
-
address@hidden Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, 
Common requests
address@hidden How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
address@hidden Beeping, turning off
address@hidden Visible bell
address@hidden Bell, visible
-
address@hidden@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes:
-
-Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell,
-and set the visible bell to nothing.
-
-That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable
-(assuming you have one):
-
address@hidden
-... :vb=: ...
address@hidden example
-
-And evaluate the following Lisp form:
-
address@hidden
-(setq visible-bell t)
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off 
beeping, Common requests
address@hidden How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X?
address@hidden Bell, volume of
address@hidden Volume of bell
-
-On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all
-programs with the shell command @code{xset}.
-
-Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic
-information, including the following:
-
address@hidden
-usage:  xset [-display host:dpy] option ...
-  To turn bell off:
-      -b                b off               b 0
-  To set bell volume, pitch and duration:
-       b [vol [pitch [dur]]]          b on
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume 
down, Common requests
address@hidden How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the 
indentation of the previous line?
address@hidden Indenting new lines
address@hidden New lines, indenting of
address@hidden Previous line, indenting according to
address@hidden Text indentation
-
-Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later.  From the
address@hidden/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2:
-
address@hidden
-** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.  This makes
-it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode,
-and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).  @key{TAB} in Text
-mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical
-difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
-
-As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
-and is an alias for it.
-
-If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use
-the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Prefixing lines
address@hidden Fill prefix
-If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill
-by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain
-character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}.  Type the prefix at the
-beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .}
-(@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix.  Thereafter,
-auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of
-new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill
-prefix when refilling the paragraph.
-
-If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will
-have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a
-new paragraph.  There are many packages available to deal with this
-(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).  Look for ``fill'' and
-``indent'' keywords for guidance.
-
address@hidden Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic 
indentation, Common requests
address@hidden How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
address@hidden Parentheses, matching
address@hidden @file{paren.el}
address@hidden Highlighting matching parentheses
address@hidden Pairs of parentheses, highlighting
address@hidden Matching parentheses
-
-Call @code{show-paren-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(show-paren-mode 1)
address@hidden lisp
-
-You can also enable this mode by selecting the @samp{Paren Match
-Highlighting} option from the @samp{Options} menu of the Emacs menu bar
-at the top of any Emacs frame.
-
-Alternatives to this mode include:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can
-delete it and reinsert it.  Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to
-the matching parenthesis.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp})
-will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which
-parentheses match.  (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets
-and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.)
-
address@hidden Show matching paren as in @code{vi}
address@hidden
-Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching
-parenthesis, like in @code{vi}.  In addition, if the cursor isn't over a
-parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal.
-
address@hidden
-;; By an unknown contributor
-
-(global-set-key "%" 'match-paren)
-
-(defun match-paren (arg)
-  "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %."
-  (interactive "p")
-  (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1))
-        ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1))
-        (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, 
Common requests
address@hidden In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after 
@code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler?
address@hidden @code{#ifdef}, selective display of
address@hidden @code{hide-ifdef-mode}
address@hidden Hiding @code{#ifdef} text
address@hidden Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code
-
address@hidden hide-ifdef-mode}.  (This is a minor mode.)  You might also want
-to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs.
-
address@hidden Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, 
Common requests
address@hidden How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
address@hidden Repeating commands many times
address@hidden Commands, repeating many times
address@hidden @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command
-
-As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z})
-that repeats the last command.  If you preface it with a prefix
-argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command.
-
-You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}
-(@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the
-minibuffer to get arguments.  In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can
-type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your
-keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex
-commands you've typed.
-
-To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros.  Use @kbd{C-x (} and
address@hidden )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command and then
-type @kbd{C-x e}.  (@inforef{Keyboard Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
-
-If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command in @code{vi} that
-redoes the last insertion/deletion, use VIPER, a @code{vi} emulation
-mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to support it.
-(@xref{VIPER}.)
-
address@hidden Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating 
commands, Common requests
address@hidden What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in 
.Xdefaults)?
address@hidden Resources, X
address@hidden X resources
address@hidden Setting X resources
-
address@hidden Resources, X Resources, emacs}.
-
-You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and
-onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs
-was compiled with the X toolkit.
-
address@hidden Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid 
X resources, Common requests
address@hidden How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
address@hidden Evaluating Lisp code
address@hidden Lisp forms, evaluating
-
-There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an
-Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file
-named @file{.emacs} in your home directory.  This is known as ``your
address@hidden file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations.
-
address@hidden
-You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type
address@hidden (or @kbd{C-j}) after it.  The result of evaluating the form
-will be inserted in the buffer.
-
address@hidden
-In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form
-before or around point.
-
address@hidden
-Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately
-before point and prints its value in the echo area.
-
address@hidden
-Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp
-form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}.
-
address@hidden
-You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp
-forms in a file.  (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load}
-instead.)
-
-The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region},
address@hidden, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also
-useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more
-about them.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting text at the beginning of 
each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests
address@hidden How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length?
address@hidden Tab length
address@hidden Length of tab character
address@hidden @code{default-tab-width}
-
-Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}.  For example, to set
address@hidden stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your
address@hidden file:
-
address@hidden
-(setq default-tab-width 10)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable
address@hidden  The former is used for the display of literal
address@hidden characters.  The latter controls what characters are inserted
-when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes.
-
address@hidden Inserting text at the beginning of each line, Underlining 
paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests
address@hidden How do I insert <some text> at the beginning of every line?
address@hidden Prefixing a region with some text
address@hidden Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies
address@hidden Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character
address@hidden @code{mail-yank-prefix}
address@hidden Mail replies, inserting a prefix character
address@hidden News replies, inserting a prefix character
-
-To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp
address@hidden ^ @key{RET} your text @key{RET}}.
-
-To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}.
-Set the mark (@address@hidden) at the beginning of the first line you
-want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type
address@hidden string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.  To do this for the whole
-buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.
-
-If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you
-might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}.  In Message
-buffers, you can even use @kbd{M-;} to cite yanked messages (@kbd{M-;}
-runs the function @code{comment-region}, it is a general-purpose
-mechanism to comment regions) (@pxref{Changing the included text prefix}).
-
address@hidden Underlining paragraphs, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same 
column, Inserting text at the beginning of each line, Common requests
address@hidden How do I insert @samp{_^H} before each character in a region to 
get an underlined paragraph?
address@hidden Underlining a region of text
address@hidden @code{underline-region}
-
-Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}.
-
address@hidden Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs 
to iconify itself, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests
address@hidden How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the 
cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
address@hidden @code{picture-mode}
address@hidden Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents
address@hidden Vertical movement in empty documents
-
-Use @kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
-
-See also the variable @code{track-eol} and the command
address@hidden bound to @kbd{C-x C-n}
-(@pxref{Moving Point, , , emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
-
address@hidden Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, 
Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests
address@hidden How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
address@hidden Iconification under the X Window System
address@hidden X Window System and iconification
address@hidden Suspending Emacs
-
address@hidden iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
-otherwise.  @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}.
-
address@hidden Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, 
Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests
address@hidden How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
address@hidden Regexps
address@hidden Regular expressions
address@hidden Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps
address@hidden Unix regexps, differences from Emacs
address@hidden Text strings, putting regexps in
-
address@hidden Backslash, Regexp Backslash, emacs}.
-
-The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators
-are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}.  Also, the string syntax for a backslash is
address@hidden  To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)}
-in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}.
-
-Note the doubled backslashes!
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set
-(@samp{[^...]})  can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@:
address@hidden a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the
-characters not to match.
-
address@hidden
-The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not
-meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}).  (This
-is actually typical for regexp syntax.)
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, 
Using regular expressions, Common requests
address@hidden How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
address@hidden Replacing strings across files
address@hidden Multiple files, replacing across
address@hidden Files, replacing strings across multiple
address@hidden Recursive search/replace operations
-
-As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x
-d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace} (@kbd{Q}), which
-allows users to replace regular expressions in multiple files.
-
-You can use this command to perform search/replace operations on
-multiple files by following the following steps:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Assemble a list of files you want to operate on with either
address@hidden, @code{find-name-dired} or @code{find-grep-dired}.
-
address@hidden
-Mark all files in the resulting Dired buffer using @kbd{t}.
-
address@hidden
-Use @kbd{Q} to start a @code{query-replace-regexp} session on the marked
-files.
-
address@hidden
-To accept all replacements in each file, hit @kbd{!}.
address@hidden itemize
-
-Another way to do the same thing is to use the ``tags'' feature of
-Emacs: it includes the command @code{tags-query-replace} which performs
-a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file.
address@hidden Search, Tags Search, emacs}.
-
address@hidden Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text 
across multiple files, Common requests
address@hidden Where is the documentation for @code{etags}?
address@hidden Documentation for @code{etags}
address@hidden @code{etags}, documentation for
-
-The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the
address@hidden man page.
-
-Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available.  For example,
address@hidden -H}.
-
address@hidden Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for 
etags, Common requests
address@hidden How do I disable backup files?
address@hidden Backups, disabling
address@hidden Disabling backups
-
-You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially
-when something goes wrong.
-
-To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired,
-load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'dired-load-hook
-          (lambda ()
-           (load "dired-x")))
address@hidden lisp
-
-With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer.
-You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the
-following in your @file{.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle)
address@hidden lisp
-
-If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at
-the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option.  GNU
address@hidden is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from
address@hidden and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}).
-
-To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, ,
-emacs}.
-
address@hidden Backup files in a single directory
-Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files
-by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}.  This
-variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters
-should have their backups put in certain directories.  A typical use is
-to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put
address@hidden backup files in the directory @file{dir}.
-
address@hidden Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling 
backups, Common requests
address@hidden How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}?
address@hidden Disabling @code{auto-save-mode}
address@hidden Auto-saving
address@hidden Saving at frequent intervals
-
-You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful,
-especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a
-document.
-
-Instead, you might want to change the variable
address@hidden, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs
-waits before auto-saving.  Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait
-longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less.
-
-You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save}
-package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).  This
-package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory,
-such as @file{/tmp}.
-
-To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto
-Save, , emacs}.
-
address@hidden Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling 
auto-save-mode, Common requests
address@hidden How can I go to a certain line given its number?
address@hidden Going to a line by number
address@hidden Compilation error messages
address@hidden Recompilation
-
-Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number?  Perhaps all
-you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler
-printed an error message?  If so, compiling from within Emacs using the
address@hidden compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more
-effective way of doing that.  Emacs automatically intercepts the compile
-error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called
address@hidden, and lets you visit the locus of each message in
-the source.  Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by
-one (starting with Emacs 22, you can also use @kbd{M-g M-p} and
address@hidden M-n} to go to the previous and next matches directly).  Click
address@hidden or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
address@hidden buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned
-in that message.
-
-But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-g M-g}
-(which is the default binding of the @code{goto-line} function starting
-with Emacs 22).  Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line and go
-to that line.
-
-You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric
-argument that is the line's number.  For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-g M-g}
-will jump to line number 286 in the current buffer.
-
address@hidden Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, 
Going to a line by number, Common requests
address@hidden How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options?
address@hidden Pull-down menus, creating or modifying
address@hidden Menus, creating or modifying
address@hidden Creating new menu options
address@hidden Modifying pull-down menus
address@hidden Menus and keymaps
address@hidden Keymaps and menus
-
-Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers})
-represents a local or global keymap.  Selecting a menu title with the
-mouse displays that keymap's address@hidden contents in the form of a menu.
-
-So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a
-new definition to the appropriate keymap.  Adding a @samp{Forward Word}
-item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key global-map
-  [menu-bar edit forward]
-  '("Forward word" . forward-word))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes
-global menu bar entries.  Replacing the reference to @code{global-map}
-with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular
-mode.
-
-The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry.
-Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean
-changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}.
-
-The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will
-be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be
-called when that menu option is invoked.
-
-To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must
-define an entirely new keymap:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key global-map [menu-bar words]
-  (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words")))
address@hidden lisp
-
-The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name
address@hidden, and attaches it to the global menu bar.  Adding the
address@hidden Word} item to this new menu would thus require the
-following code:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key global-map
-  [menu-bar words forward]
-  '("Forward word" . forward-word))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed
-with the more recently defined items at the top.  Thus if you were to
-define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that
-order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and
address@hidden would be at the bottom.
-
-One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after},
-which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items
-appear.  The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word}
-item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key-after
-  (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit])
-  [forward]
-  '("Forward word" . forward-word)
-  'undo)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are
-different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new
-(final) argument, the function after which our new key should be
-defined.
-
-To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate
address@hidden with the appropriate final argument.
-
-More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and
-modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under
-``Menu Keymaps.''  (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on
-this manual.)
-
address@hidden Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, 
Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests
address@hidden How do I delete menus and menu options?
address@hidden Deleting menus and menu options
address@hidden Menus, deleting
-
-The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}.
-For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down
-menus}), use:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to
address@hidden  For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option
-from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down
-menus}), use:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, 
Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests
address@hidden How do I turn on syntax highlighting?
address@hidden Syntax highlighting
address@hidden @code{font-lock-mode}
address@hidden Highlighting based on syntax
address@hidden Colorizing text
address@hidden FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode}
-
address@hidden is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax
-highlighting in the current buffer.  It is enabled by default in Emacs
-22.1 and later.
-
-With @code{font-lock-mode} turned on, different types of text will
-appear in different colors.  For instance, in a programming mode,
-variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in
-a third.
-
address@hidden hilit19 is deprecated
-Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package.  Use of
-hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes
-with the stock Emacs distribution.  It is no longer maintained.
-
-To turn @code{font-lock-mode} off within an existing buffer, use
address@hidden font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
-
-In Emacs 21 and earlier versions, you could use the following code in
-your @file{.emacs} file to turn on @code{font-lock-mode} globally:
-
address@hidden
-(global-font-lock-mode 1)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while,
-and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to
-work around this.
-
address@hidden Just-In-Time syntax highlighting
-In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically
-activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by
address@hidden  @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of
-portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also
-fontify while Emacs is idle.  This makes display of the visible portion
-of a buffer almost instantaneous.  For details about customizing
address@hidden, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
-
address@hidden Levels of syntax highlighting
address@hidden Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode}
-In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are
-available, from slight to gaudy.  More decoration means you need to wait
-more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine).  To
-control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of
address@hidden in your @file{.emacs} file, with a
address@hidden value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a
address@hidden value indicating the maximum decoration.  For the gaudiest
-possible look, then, include the line
-
address@hidden
-(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-in your @file{.emacs} file.  You can also set this variable such that
-different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more
-information, see the documentation for
address@hidden with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
-describe-variable @key{RET}}).
-
-Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode},
-available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x
-describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
-
-To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use
address@hidden ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x
-ps-print-region-with-faces}.  You will need a way to send text to a
-PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript;
-consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name},
address@hidden, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details.
-
address@hidden Scrolling only one line, Editing MS-DOS files, Turning on syntax 
highlighting, Common requests
address@hidden How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past 
the bottom of the screen?
address@hidden Scrolling only one line
address@hidden Reducing the increment when scrolling
-
-Customize the @code{scroll-conservatively} variable with @kbd{M-x
-customize-variable @key{RET} scroll-conservatively @key{RET}} and set it
-to a large value like, say, 10000.  For an explanation of what this
-means, @inforef{Auto Scrolling, Auto Scrolling, emacs}.
-
-Alternatively, use the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-(setq scroll-conservatively most-positive-fixnum)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, 
Scrolling only one line, Common requests
address@hidden How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs?
address@hidden Editing MS-DOS files
address@hidden MS-DOS files, editing
address@hidden Microsoft files, editing
address@hidden Windows files, editing
-
-As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is
-performed transparently.  You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system,
-edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format.
-
-When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it
-is a DOS file.  On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh,
-the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line;
-on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the
-default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line.
-
-If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++}
-(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).  Among other things,
address@hidden transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded
-and saved, allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix
-and MS-DOS have for delineating the end of a line.
-
address@hidden Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in 
shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests
address@hidden How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space 
after each period?
address@hidden One space following periods
address@hidden Single space following periods
address@hidden Periods, one space following
-
-Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Escape sequences in shell output, Fullscreen mode on MS-Windows, 
Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests
address@hidden Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell 
mode?
address@hidden Escape sequences in @code{ls} output
address@hidden @code{ls} in Shell mode
-
-This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your
-shell init file.  You have two alternatives to solve this:
-
address@hidden @bullet
address@hidden
-Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the
-environment.  When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the
address@hidden variable to that shell, with value equal to the absolute
-file name of Emacs.  You can
-unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your
-interactive sessions.
-
address@hidden
-Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and
-later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors.
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Fullscreen mode on MS-Windows,  , Escape sequences in shell 
output, Common requests
address@hidden How can I start Emacs in fullscreen mode on MS-Windows?
address@hidden Maximize frame
address@hidden Fullscreen mode
-
-Use the function @code{w32-send-sys-command}.  For example, you can
-put the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'term-setup-hook
-          #'(lambda () (w32-send-sys-command ?\xF030)))
address@hidden lisp
-
-To avoid the slightly distracting visual effect of Emacs starting with
-its default frame size and then growing to fullscreen, you can add an
address@hidden entry to the Windows registry settings (see
address@hidden(emacs)X Resources}).
-
-To compute the correct values for width and height, first maximize the
-Emacs frame and then evaluate @code{(frame-height)} and
address@hidden(frame-width)} with @kbd{M-:}.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden    Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common 
requests, Top
address@hidden Bugs and problems
address@hidden Bugs and problems
-
-The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get
-into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU
-Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter
-isn't described in this chapter.  If you decide you've discovered a bug,
-see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
-instructions how to do that.
-
-The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various
-known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms;
-type @kbd{C-h C-e} to read it.
-
address@hidden
-* Problems with very large files::
-* ^M in the shell buffer::
-* Shell process exits abnormally::
-* Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows::
-* Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
-* Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode::
-* Problems talking to certain hosts::
-* Errors with init files::
-* Emacs ignores X resources::
-* Emacs ignores frame parameters::
-* Emacs takes a long time to visit files::
-* Editing files with $ in the name::
-* Shell mode loses the current directory::
-* Security risks with Emacs::
-* Dired claims that no file is on this line::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and 
problems, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
address@hidden Very large files, opening
address@hidden Large files, opening
address@hidden Opening very large files
address@hidden Maximum file size
address@hidden Files, maximum size
-
-Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
-files larger than 8 megabytes.  In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum
-buffer size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
-And in Emacs 22, the maximum buffer size has been increased to
-268,435,455 bytes (or 256 MBytes) on 32-bit machines.
-
address@hidden ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems 
with very large files, Bugs and problems
address@hidden How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell 
buffer?
address@hidden Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in
address@hidden Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode}
-
-Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to
-make them go away.  If that doesn't work, you have several options:
-
-For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
-file:
-
address@hidden
-if ($?EMACS) then
-    if ("$EMACS" =~ /*) then
-        if ($?tcsh) unset edit
-        stty nl
-    endif
-endif
address@hidden example
-
-Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} or @file{~/.emacs.d/init_tcsh.sh} file:
-
address@hidden
-unset edit
-stty nl
address@hidden example
-
-Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of
address@hidden  One way is:
-
address@hidden
-(setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
-file:
-
address@hidden
-setenv ESHELL /bin/csh
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-(You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly
-set for this to take effect.)
-
-You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp
-with the following Lisp form,
-
address@hidden
-(setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh")
address@hidden lisp
-
-The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the
address@hidden characters in the first place.  If this is not possible
-(e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these
-characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init
-file:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m)
address@hidden smalllisp
-
-On a related note: if your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
-buffer, you might want to customize the @code{comint-process-echoes}
-variable in your shell buffers, or try the following command in your
-shell start-up file:
-
address@hidden
-stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on 
MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why do I get ``Process shell exited abnormally with code 1''?
address@hidden Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode}
address@hidden @code{shell-mode} exits
address@hidden Process shell exited
-
-The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program
-is not properly installed.  Compile this program for your architecture,
-and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent
-Emacs program directory.  (You can find what this directory is at your
-site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by
-typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.)
-
-You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path
-(e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}).  We don't
-understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general
-solution for working around the problem in this case.
-
-The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital
-programs, so be careful when using it.
-
-It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started
-as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the
-xterm was later terminated.
-
-See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the
-top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other
-possible causes of this message.
-
address@hidden Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries 
for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}?
-
address@hidden Shell Mode, and MS-Windows
address@hidden @code{explicit-shell-file-name}
-On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the
-shell in a wrong place.  The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is
-usually incorrect for non-Unix systems.  If you know where your shell
-executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in
-your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe")
address@hidden lisp
-
-If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!}
-command; if that works, put the following line into your
address@hidden:
-
address@hidden
-(setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode
-Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive
-antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves
-the problems in those cases.
-
address@hidden Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into 
isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type 
@samp{emacs}?
address@hidden Termcap
address@hidden Terminfo
address@hidden Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo
-
-The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in
-the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells.  It may help in
-certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an
-entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file.  Here is a
-correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-emacs:tc=unknown:
address@hidden example
-
-To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or
address@hidden  You need to generate
address@hidden/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}.  It may work to simply copy
address@hidden/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}.
-
-Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen
-programs in shell buffers.  Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that
-instead.
-
-A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to
-change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown}
-in your shell start up file.  @code{csh} users could put this in their
address@hidden files:
-
address@hidden
-if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain 
hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying @samp{I-search:} 
and beeping?
address@hidden Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode
address@hidden isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into
address@hidden Beeping without obvious reason
-
-Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is
-sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving
-these characters and interpreting them as commands.  (The @kbd{C-s}
-character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.)  For
-possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}.
-
address@hidden Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, 
Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)?
address@hidden Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to
address@hidden @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version
-
-The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of
address@hidden than the rest of the programs on the machine.  This
-is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding.
-Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of
-``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}.
-
-On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C
-library.  The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library
-may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the
-version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in
-addition to or instead of NIS.  On a Motorola Delta running System V
-R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works,
-but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet).
-Other operating systems have similar problems.
-
-Try these options:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}.
-
address@hidden
-Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}:
-
address@hidden
-#define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more
-useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}.  Then relink
-Emacs.
-
address@hidden
-If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is
-properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems 
talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}?
address@hidden Error in @file{.emacs}
address@hidden Error in init file
address@hidden Init file, errors in
address@hidden @file{.emacs} file, errors in
address@hidden Debugging @file{.emacs} file
-
-An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the
-system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}.  Emacs 21.1 and later pops the
address@hidden buffer, and puts there some additional information
-about the error, to provide some hints for debugging.
-
-For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see
address@hidden a customization file}.
-
-It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a
-hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded.  A common case
-of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has
-begun}.
-
address@hidden Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, 
Errors with init files, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
address@hidden X resources being ignored
address@hidden Ignored X resources
address@hidden @file{.Xdefaults}
-
-As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified
-by the following environment variables:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}
address@hidden @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}
address@hidden @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the
-Xt toolkit.
-
address@hidden and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list
-of file names separated by colons.  @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list
-of directory names separated by colons.
-
-Emacs searches for X resources:
-
address@hidden
-
address@hidden
-specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option,
-
address@hidden
-then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable,
-
address@hidden @minus
-
address@hidden
-or if that is unset, in the file named
address@hidden/address@hidden if it exists (where @var{hostname} is
-the name of the machine Emacs is running on),
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden
-then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided
-by the server,
-
address@hidden @minus
-
address@hidden
-or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults}
-if it exists,
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden
-then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH},
-
address@hidden @minus
-
address@hidden
-or in files named @address@hidden/Emacs} in directories listed in
address@hidden (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG}
-environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
address@hidden
-or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR}
address@hidden
-or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable
-is set),
address@hidden
-or in @file{~/Emacs},
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden
-then in the files listed in  @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}.
-
address@hidden enumerate
-
address@hidden Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit 
files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work?
address@hidden Frame parameters
-
-This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the
-variable @code{initial-frame-alist}.  That variable holds parameters
-used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts.  To customize
-the parameters of all frames, change the variable
address@hidden instead.
-
-These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame
-in a special way.  For example, you could determine the position and
-size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the
-other frames by individually positioning each one of them.
-
-
address@hidden Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in 
the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file?
address@hidden Visiting files takes a long time
address@hidden Delay when visiting files
address@hidden Files, take a long time to visit
-
-Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often
-encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has
-been left in the lock directory somehow.  Delete it.
-
address@hidden@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug
-where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status.  This
-can cause the same problem.  Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work
-over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with
address@hidden undefined.
-
address@hidden Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current 
directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems
address@hidden How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name?
address@hidden Editing files with @samp{$} in the name
address@hidden @samp{$} in file names
address@hidden File names containing @samp{$}, editing
-
-When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand
-a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable.  To suppress
-this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead.
-
address@hidden Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with 
Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
address@hidden Current directory and @code{shell-mode}
address@hidden @code{shell-mode} and current directory
address@hidden Directory, current in @code{shell-mode}
-
-Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its
-directory.  This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix.  So it tries to
-guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands.  If you type @kbd{cd} followed
-by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or
-with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to
-correctly guess the shell's new current directory.  A huge variety of
-fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written
-to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
-functionality}).
-
-You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command
address@hidden dirs}.
-
address@hidden Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this 
line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Are there any security risks in Emacs?
address@hidden Security with Emacs
address@hidden @samp{movemail} and security
address@hidden @code{file-local-variable} and security
address@hidden Synthetic X events and security
address@hidden X events and security
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-The @file{movemail} incident.  (No, this is not a risk.)
-
-In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in
-chapter 4.  The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail}
-program setuid root.  (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your
-architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory
address@hidden to see what it is.)  Since @code{movemail} had not been
-designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could
-get root privileges.
-
address@hidden has since been changed so that this security hole will
-not exist, even if it is installed setuid root.  However,
address@hidden no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which
-should eliminate this particular risk.
-
-We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took
-advantage of this configuration problem.
-
address@hidden
-The @code{file-local-variable} feature.  (Yes, a risk, but easy to
-change.)
-
-There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for
-variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near
-the end of the file.  This feature also includes the ability to have
-arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited.
-Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this
-feature.
-
-As of Emacs 22, Emacs has a list of local variables that are known to
-be safe to set.  If a file tries to set any variable outside this
-list, it asks the user to confirm whether the variables should be set.
-You can also tell Emacs whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp
-code found at the bottom of files by setting the variable
address@hidden
-
-For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}.
-
address@hidden
-Synthetic X events.  (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or
-better.)
-
-Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent}
-request as though they were regular events.  As a result, if you are
-using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X
-connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do
-anything, including run other processes with your privileges.
-
-The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open
-X connections.  The standard way to prevent this is to use a real
-authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}.  If using
-the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using
address@hidden  Your site may be using a superior
-authentication method; ask your system administrator.
-
-If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by
-just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X
-programs, then removing the access.  This reduces the risk somewhat by
-narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but
address@hidden not eliminate the risk}.
-
-On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable
-access using the @code{xhost} command.  To allow all hosts access to
-your X server, use
-
address@hidden
-xhost +
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the
-following message:
-
address@hidden
-access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
address@hidden example
-
-To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly
-allowed by name), use
-
address@hidden
-xhost -
address@hidden example
-
-On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message:
-
address@hidden
-access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Dired claims that no file is on this line,  , Security risks 
with Emacs, Bugs and problems
address@hidden Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do 
something.
address@hidden Dired does not see a file
-
address@hidden FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time 
to
address@hidden check.
-Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US
-date format in dired listings.  You can check this by looking at dired
-listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that
-come out.
-
-Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name.
-In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name
-starts after the date.  The regexp has thus been written to look for the
-date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems.
-
-There are two approaches to solving this.  The first one involves
-setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format.  This can
-be done by setting the locale.  See your OS manual for more information.
-
-The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by
-dired, @code{directory-listing-before-filename-regexp}.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related 
packages, Bugs and problems, Top
address@hidden    Compiling and installing Emacs
address@hidden    Compiling and installing Emacs
-
address@hidden
-* Installing Emacs::
-* Updating Emacs::
-* Problems building Emacs::
-* Linking with -lX11 fails::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing 
Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
address@hidden How do I install Emacs?
address@hidden Installing Emacs
address@hidden Unix systems, installing Emacs on
address@hidden Downloading and installing Emacs
address@hidden Retrieving and installing Emacs
address@hidden Building Emacs from source
address@hidden Source code, building Emacs from
address@hidden Unpacking and installing Emacs
-
-This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems.  Users of
-other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning
-with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source
-and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems.
-
-For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it
-from scratch.  You will need:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Emacs sources.  @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites
-that make them available.  On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU
-distribution site, sources are available as
-
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/address@hidden
-
-The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out.  For
-instance, when Emacs 22.42 is released, it will most probably be
-available as
-
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-22.42.tar.gz}
-
-Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU
-distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on
address@hidden
-
address@hidden
address@hidden, the GNU compression utility.  You can get @code{gzip} via
-anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile
-and install without much trouble on most systems.  Once you have
-retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress
-them with the command
-
address@hidden
-gunzip --verbose address@hidden
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary.  Once
address@hidden has finished doing its job, a file by the name of
address@hidden@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files
-into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}.  All of the files
-comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be
-extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs.  Typically, the
-extraction command would look like
-
address@hidden
-tar -xvvf address@hidden
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile,
-the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells
address@hidden to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive.
-
-If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of
address@hidden), you can combine this step and the previous one by
-using the command
-
address@hidden
-tar -zxvvf address@hidden
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU
address@hidden to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting
-the tarfile's components.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be
-sitting in a directory called @address@hidden  On most common
-Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X
-Window system support) with the following commands:
-
address@hidden
-cd address@hidden       # change directory to address@hidden
-./configure         # configure Emacs for your particular system
-make                # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
address@hidden example
-
-If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that
-the build has gone well.  (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't
-successful.)
-
-By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories:
-
address@hidden @file
address@hidden /usr/local/bin
-binaries.
-
address@hidden /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}
-Lisp code and support files.
-
address@hidden /usr/local/info
-Info documentation.
address@hidden table
-
-To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and
-type
-
address@hidden
-make install
address@hidden example
-
-Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs}
-and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}.
-
-Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions)
-come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}.
-
address@hidden Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, 
Compiling and installing Emacs
address@hidden How do I update Emacs to the latest version?
address@hidden Updating Emacs
-
address@hidden Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for
-installation.
-
-Most files are placed in version-specific directories.  Emacs
address@hidden, for instance, places files in
address@hidden/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}.
-
-Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs
-binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}.  Back up these
-files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble.
-
address@hidden Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating 
Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
address@hidden What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
address@hidden Problems building Emacs
address@hidden Errors when building Emacs
-
-First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs
-source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem.  Next,
-look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs
-installation and compilation problems.
-
-If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it,
-see @ref{Help installing Emacs}.
-
-If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to
address@hidden@@gnu.org}.
-
-Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to
address@hidden@@gnu.org}.  For further guidelines, see
address@hidden for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}.
-
address@hidden Linking with -lX11 fails,  , Problems building Emacs, Compiling 
and installing Emacs
address@hidden Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail?
address@hidden Linking with -lX11 fails
address@hidden lX11, linking fails with
-
-Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library,
address@hidden  This may be missing.
-
-On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the
-``OpenWindows Programmers'' optional software category from the CD-ROM.
-
-On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the
-X11-PRG ``fileset.''  This may be missing even if you specified ``all
-filesets'' the first time.  If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may
-need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.''
-
address@hidden@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared
-libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that
-support them.  These shared libraries can't be used when undumping
address@hidden (the last stage of the Emacs build process).  To get
-regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to
address@hidden:
-
address@hidden
-#define ForceNormalLib YES
address@hidden example
-
-Other systems may have similar problems.  You can always define
address@hidden and link with the shared libraries instead.
-
address@hidden X Menus don't work
-To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's
address@hidden
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, 
Compiling and installing Emacs, Top
address@hidden Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Finding Emacs and related packages
-
address@hidden
-* Finding Emacs on the Internet::
-* Finding a package with particular functionality::
-* Packages that do not come with Emacs::
-* Current GNU distributions::
-* Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
-* Emacs for MS-DOS::
-* Emacs for Windows::
-* Emacs for OS/2::
-* Emacs for Atari ST::
-* Emacs for the Amiga ::
-* Emacs for NeXTSTEP::
-* Emacs for Apple computers::
-* Emacs for VMS and DECwindows::
-* Modes for various languages::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular 
functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related 
packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)?
address@hidden Finding Emacs on the Internet
address@hidden Snail mail, ordering Emacs via
address@hidden Postal service, ordering Emacs via
address@hidden Distribution, retrieving Emacs
address@hidden Internet, retrieving from
-
-Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for
-information on nearby archive sites.  If you don't already have Emacs,
-see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how to get these files.
-
address@hidden Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest
-version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of
-archive sites that make GNU software available.
-
address@hidden Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that 
do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and 
related packages
address@hidden How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
address@hidden Package, finding
address@hidden Finding an Emacs Lisp package
address@hidden Functionality, finding a particular package
-
-First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't
-already available.  For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET}
-wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the
-string @samp{wordstar}.
-
-It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been
-loaded.  To see which packages are available for loading, look through
-your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}).  The Lisp
-source to most packages contains a short description of how they
-should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or
-modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the
-source code.
-
-The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse
-the constituent Emacs packages.
-
-For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs,
-see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}.
-
address@hidden Packages that do not come with Emacs, Current GNU distributions, 
Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related 
packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
address@hidden Unbundled packages
address@hidden Finding other packages
address@hidden Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs
address@hidden Packages, those that do not come with Emacs
address@hidden Emacs Lisp List
address@hidden Emacs Lisp Archive
-
address@hidden://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp
-List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{stephen@@anc.ed.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen},
-aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs
-Lisp files on the Internet.  The ELL can be browsed over the web, or
-from Emacs with @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.el,
-the @file{ell} package}.
-
-Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources,
-Emacs sources newsgroup}.  You can search the archives of this
-group with @uref{http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.emacs.sources, Google},
-or @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.sources, Gmane}, for example.
-
-Several packages are stored in
address@hidden://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}.
-
-For a long time, the Emacs Lisp Archive provided a central repository
-for Emacs packages.  Sadly, it has not been active for some time,
-although you can still access the old files at
-
address@hidden://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub/gnu/elisp-archive/}
-
-Read the file @file{etc/MORE.STUFF} for more information about
-external packages.
-
address@hidden Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, 
Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
address@hidden Current GNU distributions
address@hidden Sources for current GNU distributions
address@hidden Stuff, current GNU
address@hidden Up-to-date GNU stuff
address@hidden Finding current GNU software
address@hidden Official GNU software sites
-
-The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at
-
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu}
-
-Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more
-information.
-
-A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html}
-
address@hidden Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current 
GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid 
Emacs)?
address@hidden XEmacs
address@hidden Difference Emacs and XEmacs
address@hidden Lucid Emacs
address@hidden Epoch
-
-XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs.  It was first called Lucid Emacs,
-and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19.  In
-this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version.
-
-Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the
-other.  The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp
-programming level.  Their current features are roughly comparable,
-though the support for some operating systems, character sets and
-specific packages might be quite different.
-
-Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to
-use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always
-keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it
-impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code.
-(The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs
-release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their
-separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs
-proper.)
-
-If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them,
-please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.''  To contrast ``XEmacs''
-with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its
-origin in the work of the GNU Project.  Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and
-``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it
-is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.''
-
address@hidden Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs 
and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
address@hidden MS-DOS, Emacs for
address@hidden DOS, Emacs for
address@hidden Compiling Emacs for DOS
address@hidden Emacs for MS-DOS
address@hidden Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS
-
-A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the
-SimTel.NET archives.  This version apparently works under MS-DOS and
-Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under
-Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000.  More information is available
-from
-
address@hidden://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README}
-
-The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the
-directory
-
address@hidden://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/}
-
-If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the
-current distribution directly.  You will need a 386 (or
-better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later.  According to
address@hidden@@gnu.org, Eli Zaretskii} and
address@hidden@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the
-following:
-
address@hidden @emph
-
address@hidden Compiler
-DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later.  Djgpp 2.0 or later is
-recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained.  Djgpp 2 supports
-long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K.
-
-You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of
-the files in
-
address@hidden://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2*}
-
address@hidden Unpacking program
-The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x,
-because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with
address@hidden) in one step.  @code{Djtar} comes in
address@hidden@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version
-number), from the URL mentioned above.
-
address@hidden  Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to
-unpack the Emacs distribution!  WinZip is known to corrupt some of the
-files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always
-preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs
-archive, and commits other atrocities.  Some of these problems could
-actually prevent Emacs from building successfully!
-
address@hidden make, mv, sed, and rm
-All of these utilities are available at
-
address@hidden://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu}
-
-16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at
-
address@hidden://www.simtel.net/pub/gnuish/}
-
address@hidden
-(@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and
address@hidden are each one in a separate package named after them.)
-
address@hidden table
-
-The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the
-directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information
-regarding Emacs under MS-DOS.
-
-For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs
-look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,''
-available at
-
address@hidden://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/}
-
-Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often
-lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language.
-
address@hidden Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding 
Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows?
address@hidden FAQ for NT Emacs
address@hidden Emacs for MS-Windows
address@hidden Microsoft Windows, Emacs for
address@hidden Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for
-
-For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by
address@hidden@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker} and currently maintained
-by @email{ramprasad@@gnu.org, Ramprasad B}, available at
-
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
-
address@hidden for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1.
-
-A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at
-
address@hidden://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html}
-
address@hidden
-This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel},
-and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus.
-You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port.
-
address@hidden Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding 
Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2?
address@hidden OS/2, Emacs for
-
-Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at
-
address@hidden://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/}
-
address@hidden
-and also at
-
address@hidden://www.dotemacs.de/os2/emacs.html}
-
-Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information
-for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at
-
address@hidden://home.snafu.de/ohei/emacs/emacs206-os2.html}
-
address@hidden Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, 
Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
address@hidden Atari ST, Emacs for
address@hidden TOS, Emacs for
-
-Roland Sch@"auble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT
-is available at
address@hidden://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}.
-
address@hidden Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, 
Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga?
address@hidden Amiga, Emacs for
-
-The files you need are available at
-
address@hidden://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/}
-
address@hidden@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a
-beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga.  You can get the binary at
-
address@hidden://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha}
-
address@hidden Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the 
Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP?
address@hidden NeXTSTEP, Emacs for
-
-Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors,
-menus, and multiple frames.  You can get it from
-
address@hidden://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next-ftp/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz}
-
address@hidden Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs 
for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
address@hidden Apple computers, Emacs for
address@hidden Macintosh, Emacs for
-
-Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official
-Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and
address@hidden/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions.
-
-Beginning with version 22.1, Emacs supports Mac OS X natively.
-
address@hidden Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs 
for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
address@hidden DECwindows, Emacs for
address@hidden VMS, Emacs for
-
-Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is
-available at @uref{http://www.lp.se/gnu-vms/}.
-
address@hidden Modes for various languages,  , Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, 
Finding Emacs and related packages
address@hidden Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, 
address@hidden, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk?
address@hidden Awk, mode for
address@hidden @code{awk-mode}
address@hidden Bison, mode for
address@hidden Bourne Shell, mode for
address@hidden address@hidden, mode for
address@hidden Java, mode for
address@hidden Lex mode
address@hidden Objective-C, mode for
address@hidden @code{pascal-mode}
address@hidden Shell mode
address@hidden Yacc mode
address@hidden @file{csh} mode
address@hidden @code{sh-mode}
address@hidden @code{cc-mode}
-
-Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution.
-To get additional modes, see @ref{Finding a package with particular
-functionality}.
-
-Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, address@hidden, Objective-C, and
-Java code.  It is distributed with Emacs, but has
address@hidden://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/, its own homepage}.
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and 
related packages, Top
address@hidden Major packages and programs
address@hidden Major packages and programs
-
address@hidden
-* VM::
-* Supercite::
-* Calc::
-* VIPER::
-* AUCTeX::
-* BBDB::
-* Ispell::
-* Emacs/W3::
-* EDB::
-* Mailcrypt::
-* JDE::
-* Patch::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and 
programs
address@hidden VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME 
support
address@hidden VM
address@hidden Alternative mail software
address@hidden View Mail
address@hidden E-mail reader, VM
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-7.19
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz}
-
address@hidden Informational newsgroup
address@hidden:address@hidden
-
address@hidden Bug reports newsgroup
address@hidden:address@hidden
-Or send reports to @email{bug-vm@@wonderworks.com}
address@hidden table
-
-VM 7 works well with Emacs 21 and Emacs 22. Older versions of VM
-suitable for use with older versions of Emacs are available from
address@hidden://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP site}.
-
-
address@hidden Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs
address@hidden Supercite
address@hidden Superyank
address@hidden Mail and news citations
address@hidden News and mail citations
address@hidden Citations in mail and news
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@python.org, Barry Warsaw}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs since version 20)
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz}
-
address@hidden Mailing list
-Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@address@hidden
-Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org}
-
address@hidden table
-
-Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
-
address@hidden Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs
address@hidden Programmable calculator
address@hidden Calc
address@hidden Mathematical package
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-2.1 (part of Emacs since version 22.1)
-
address@hidden Distribution
-No separate distribution outside of Emacs.  Older versions
-are available at @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/}.
-
address@hidden table
-
-Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later.
-
address@hidden @code{calculator}, a package
-Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}.
-It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such
-as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than
-adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs.
-
address@hidden VIPER, AUCTeX, Calc, Major packages and programs
address@hidden VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs
address@hidden @code{vi} emulation
address@hidden VIPER
address@hidden Emulation of @code{vi}
-
-Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER
-(@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs.  It extends
-and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation
-at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that
-departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways.
-
-For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally
-better than the one distributed with Emacs:
-
address@hidden @b
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-4.3
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub/gnu/elisp-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden AUCTeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs
address@hidden address@hidden --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging 
facilities
address@hidden Mode for @TeX{}
address@hidden @TeX{} mode
address@hidden address@hidden mode for editing @TeX{}
address@hidden Writing and debugging @TeX{}
-
address@hidden is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX,
-ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting,
-indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell
-functionality, and debugging.  Be also sure to check out
address@hidden, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, address@hidden User Manual}.
-Current versions of address@hidden include the
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex,preview-latex}
-package for WYSIWYG previews of various LaTeX constructs in the Emacs
-source buffer.
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Authors
address@hidden@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup}, @*
address@hidden@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}, @* and others.
-
address@hidden Maintainer
address@hidden@@gnu.org, David Kastrup}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-11.84
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/}
-
address@hidden Web site
address@hidden://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/}
-
address@hidden Mailing list:
-Subscription requests to @email{auctex-request@@address@hidden
-Submissions to @email{auctex@@gnu.org}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden BBDB, Ispell, AUCTeX, Major packages and programs
address@hidden BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
address@hidden BBDB
address@hidden Rolodex-like functionality
address@hidden Integrated contact database
address@hidden Contact database
address@hidden Big Brother Database
address@hidden Address book
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Maintainer
address@hidden@@waider.ie, Ronan Waide}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-2.34
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://bbdb.sourceforge.net/}
-
address@hidden Mailing lists
-Subscription requests to @email{bbdb-info-request@@address@hidden
-Submissions to @email{bbdb-info@@address@hidden
-Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Ispell, Emacs/W3, BBDB, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
address@hidden Spell-checker
address@hidden Checking spelling
address@hidden Ispell
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@cs.hmc.edu, Geoff Kuenning}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-3.3.02
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/tars/address@hidden
-
address@hidden Web site
address@hidden://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html}
-
address@hidden table
-
-This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is
-no longer a supported product.
-
address@hidden Emacs/W3, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Emacs/W3 --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
address@hidden WWW browser
address@hidden Web browser
address@hidden HTML browser in Emacs
address@hidden @code{w3-mode}
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@gnu.org, Bill Perry}
-
address@hidden Maintainer
-Emacs/W3 needs a maintainer. It has lain dormant for several years. If
-you would like to take over the project, please contact
address@hidden@@gnu.org}.
-
address@hidden Latest version
-4.0pre.47
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://savannah.gnu.org/projects/w3}
-
address@hidden Mailing lists
-Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce@@address@hidden
-Help to develop Emacs/W3 at @email{w3-dev@@gnu.org}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden EDB, Mailcrypt, Emacs/W3, Major packages and programs
address@hidden EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes
address@hidden EDB
address@hidden Database
address@hidden Forms mode
-
address@hidden @b
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-1.21
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news
address@hidden PGP
address@hidden GPG
address@hidden Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news
address@hidden News, interface to PGP from
address@hidden Mail, interface to PGP from
address@hidden Encryption software, interface to
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Authors
address@hidden@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and
address@hidden@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi}
-
address@hidden Maintainer
address@hidden@@lothar.com, Brian Warner}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-3.5.8
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.8.tar.gz}
-
address@hidden Web site
address@hidden://mailcrypt.sourceforge.net/}
-
address@hidden table
-
-Note that a new package called PGG is bundled with Emacs starting with
-version 22.1.  It is a modern interface to various PGP implementations,
-including @uref{http://www.gnupg.org/, The GNU Privacy Guard} and
-supports symmetric encryption.
-
address@hidden JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs
address@hidden JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java
address@hidden Java development environment
address@hidden Integrated Java development environment
address@hidden JDE
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan}
-
address@hidden Latest version
-2.3.5
-
address@hidden Web site
address@hidden://jdee.sunsite.dk/}
-
address@hidden Mailing lists
-Subscription requests to @email{jde-subscribe@@address@hidden
-Receive announcements from @email{jde-announce-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden Patch,  , JDE, Major packages and programs
address@hidden Patch --- program to apply ``diffs'' for updating files
address@hidden Updating files with diffs
address@hidden Patching source files with diffs
address@hidden Diffs and patching
address@hidden @file{patch}
-
address@hidden @b
-
address@hidden Author
address@hidden@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications)
-
address@hidden Latest version
-2.5.4
-
address@hidden Distribution
address@hidden GNU distributions}.
-
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and 
programs, Top
address@hidden Key bindings
address@hidden Key bindings
-
address@hidden
-* Binding keys to commands::
-* Invalid prefix characters::
-* Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
-* Using function keys under X::
-* Working with function and arrow keys::
-* X key translations for Emacs::
-* Handling C-s and C-q with flow control::
-* Binding C-s and C-q::
-* Backspace invokes help::
-* stty and Backspace key::
-* Swapping keys::
-* Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
-* No Meta key::
-* No Escape key::
-* Compose Character::
-* Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
-* Meta key does not work in xterm::
-* ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
-* SPC no longer completes file names::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key 
bindings, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
address@hidden Binding keys to commands
address@hidden Keys, binding to commands
address@hidden Commands, binding keys to
-
-Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your
address@hidden file.  To interactively bind keys for all modes, type
address@hidden global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
-
-To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x
-local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
-
address@hidden Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details.
-
-To make the process of binding keys interactively easier, use the
-following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately
-type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}.  Now, the command needed
-to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your
address@hidden file.  If the key binding is global, no changes to the
-command are required.  For example,
-
address@hidden
-(global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file.  If the key binding is
-local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function.
-For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'tex-mode-hook
-  (lambda ()
-   (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))))
address@hidden lisp
-
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill
-ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as
address@hidden, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc.  You may want
-to convert these into their vector or string forms.
-
address@hidden
-If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already
-bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new
-binding.  For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound:
-
address@hidden
-(global-unset-key [?\e address@hidden)   ;;   or
-(local-unset-key [?\e address@hidden)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also
-can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro.  For example:
-
address@hidden
-(global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g])  ;;  or
-(global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs 
has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings
address@hidden Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix 
characters}?
address@hidden Prefix characters, invalid
address@hidden Invalid prefix characters
address@hidden Misspecified key sequences
-
-Usually, one of two things has happened.  In one case, the control
-character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f}
-used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression).  In the other
-case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind
-was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}.  Historically, the @samp{ESC [}
-prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either
-of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence:
-
address@hidden
-(global-unset-key [?\e ?[])  ;;  or
-(global-unset-key "\e[")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function 
keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings
address@hidden Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in 
my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
address@hidden Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs}
-
-During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file
-order.  If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to
-be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has
-been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this
-code/file execution order is not enforced after startup).
-
-To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or
-window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the
-value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook}
-variable to this lambda function.  For example,
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'term-setup-hook
-          (lambda ()
-           (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") ""))
-             ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x:
-             (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command))))
address@hidden lisp
-
-For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the
address@hidden/startup.el} file.
-
address@hidden Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow 
keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I use function keys under X?
address@hidden Function keys
address@hidden X Window System and function keys
address@hidden Binding function keys
-
-With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key.  
@xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details.
-
address@hidden Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for 
Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow 
keys emit?
address@hidden Working with arrow keys
address@hidden Arrow keys, symbols generated by
address@hidden Working with function keys
address@hidden Function keys, symbols generated by
address@hidden Symbols generated by function keys
-
-Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys.  The command will
-return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the
-Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation).  This works for other
-keys as well.
-
address@hidden X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow 
control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs?
address@hidden X key translations
address@hidden Key translations under X
address@hidden Translations for keys under X
-
-Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no
-``translations'' to be set.  (We aren't sure how to set such translations
-if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!)
-
-The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through
address@hidden (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs).  The
address@hidden command should be used in conjunction with the
address@hidden map.  For instance,
-
address@hidden
-(define-key function-key-map address@hidden [?\M-\t])
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-defines the @address@hidden key sequence.
-
address@hidden Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X 
key translations for Emacs, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow 
control?
address@hidden Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with
address@hidden @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control
-
address@hidden and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
-This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line,
-because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default.  Because Emacs
-won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these
-characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers.  Sometimes,
-intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs
-from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}.
-
-Possible solutions:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control.
-
-You need to determine the cause of the flow control.
-
address@hidden @minus
-
address@hidden
-your terminal
-
-Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display
-all the characters it receives.  For example, VT series terminals do
-this.  It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu.  For
-example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu.  This
-is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs.
-
-When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to
-turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are
-logged in to or at some terminal server in between.
-
-If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer
-connected to the terminal may fail.  You may be able to get around
-this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to
-include extra NUL padding characters.
-
address@hidden
-a modem
-
-If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using
-XON/XOFF flow control.  It's not clear how to get around this.
-
address@hidden
-a router or terminal server
-
-Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using
-XON/XOFF flow control.  It may be possible to make it use some other
-kind of flow control.  You will probably have to ask your local
-network experts for help with this.
-
address@hidden
address@hidden and/or @code{pty} devices
-
-If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or
address@hidden devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it
-is not necessary.
-
address@hidden@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes:
-
address@hidden
-Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass
-flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect.  On
-such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on
-the local system.  Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem.
-
-One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the
-one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the
address@hidden command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process.  On many
-systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this.
-
-Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working.  One
-way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin,
-and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell.
address@hidden quotation
-
-Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden
-Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
-
-You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by
-evaluating the form
-
address@hidden
-(enable-flow-control)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-to unconditionally enable flow control or
-
address@hidden
-(enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-(using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to
-enable selectively.  These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s}
-and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}.  Variables can be used to
-change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and
address@hidden).
-
-If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your
address@hidden file.  If you are fixing this for your entire site, the
-best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file.
-(Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs
-installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.)
-Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that
-if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent
address@hidden from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the
-user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're
-smart enough to move it to another name).
-
address@hidden can be invoked interactively as well:
address@hidden enable-flow-control @key{RET}}.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS}
-(in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution).
-
address@hidden Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and 
C-q with flow control, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys 
are filtered out?
address@hidden Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}
address@hidden @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding
-
-To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control}
-or @code{enable-flow-control-on}.  @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow
-control}, for usage and implementation details.
-
-To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}.  @xref{Swapping
-keys}, for usage details.  To do this for an entire site, you should
-swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}.  @xref{Handling C-s
-and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why
address@hidden/default.el} should not be used.
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by
-the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs
-actually behaves.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and 
C-q, Key bindings
address@hidden Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help?
address@hidden Backspace key invokes help
address@hidden Help invoked by Backspace
address@hidden DEL key does not delete
-
-The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8.
address@hidden sends the same code.  In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes
-help-command.  This is intended to be easy to remember since the first
-letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}.  The easiest solution to this problem
-is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the
address@hidden key) for deleting the previous character.
-
-For many people this solution may be problematic:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the
-previous character.  This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command
-for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs.  On many Unix
-systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}:
-
address@hidden
-stty erase `^?'
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the
-previous character because it is more conveniently located on their
-keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key.
-In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like
address@hidden  There are several methods.
-
address@hidden @minus
address@hidden
-Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g.,
-TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be
-changed from a setup menu.
-
address@hidden
-You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a
-terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key.
-
address@hidden
-With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the
address@hidden and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a
-windowed displays, by customizing the option
address@hidden, or by invoking @kbd{M-x
-normal-erase-is-backspace}.  See the documentation of these symbols
-(@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info.
-
address@hidden
-It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside
-Emacs:
-
address@hidden
-(keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as
address@hidden, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to
-something other than @code{delete-backward-char}.
-
-Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by
-default deletes forward:
-
address@hidden
-(keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}.
-
address@hidden
-Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h}
-instead:
-
address@hidden
-(global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char)
-
-;; overrides mark-whole-buffer
-(global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for
-those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}.  Modes
-which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will
-not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key.  For this
-reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown
-above.
-
-Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}.
address@hidden itemize
-
-Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are
-many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
-When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the
address@hidden key to a command which deletes the character at point, to
-make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems.
-
-For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL
-Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs
-Manual}.
-
address@hidden stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, 
Key bindings
address@hidden Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for 
@key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}?
address@hidden @file{stty} and Emacs
address@hidden Backspace and @file{stty}
address@hidden Delete and @file{stty}
-
-Good question!
-
address@hidden FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers.  It's
address@hidden probably worth putting that explanation here.
-
address@hidden Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and 
Backspace key, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I swap two keys?
address@hidden Swapping keys
address@hidden Keys, swapping
address@hidden @code{keyboard-translate}
-
-You can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
address@hidden function.  For example, to turn @kbd{C-h}
-into @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
-
address@hidden
-(keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)  ; translate `C-h' to DEL
-(keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h)  ; translate DEL to `C-h'.
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is
-produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the
-keymaps.
-
-However, in the specific case of @kbd{C-h} and @key{DEL}, you should
-toggle @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} instead of calling
address@hidden  @inforef{DEL Does Not Delete, DEL Does Not Delete,
-emacs}.
-
-Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps.
-Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but
-there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every
-character that Emacs reads from the terminal.  Keyboard translations
-take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are
-looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard
-translation.
-
address@hidden Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, 
Key bindings
address@hidden How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
address@hidden Producing control characters
address@hidden Generating control characters
address@hidden Control characters, generating
-
-On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are:
-
address@hidden @asis
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-2}  or  @address@hidden
address@hidden@@}
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-6}
address@hidden
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-7}  or  @kbd{C-S--}
address@hidden
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-4}
address@hidden
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-5}
address@hidden
-
address@hidden @kbd{C-/}
address@hidden
-
address@hidden table
-
-Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try
address@hidden with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets
-generated.  You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the
-name of the command.
-
address@hidden No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, 
Key bindings
address@hidden What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key?
address@hidden No @key{Meta} key
address@hidden @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it
-
-On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it.
-
-Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @address@hidden a}.  In fact,
-Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @address@hidden a} anyway
-(depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}).  Note that you
-press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press
address@hidden, release it, and then press @key{a}.
-
address@hidden No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings
address@hidden What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key?
address@hidden No Escape key
address@hidden Lacking an Escape key
address@hidden Escape key, lacking
-
-Type @kbd{C-[} instead.  This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an
-Escape key would.  @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not
-under X).  For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11}
-generates @key{ESC}.  If not, the following form can be used to bind it:
-
address@hidden
-;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals.
-(define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and 
function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings
address@hidden Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a 
@key{Meta} key?
address@hidden @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta}
address@hidden @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for
-
-On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no.  It is rumored that certain
-VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way.  If
-you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap}
-command.
-
address@hidden Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key 
does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings
address@hidden How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
address@hidden Modifiers and function keys
address@hidden Function keys and modifiers
address@hidden Binding modifiers and function keys
-
-With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in
-vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol.  For
-example (from the on-line documentation):
-
address@hidden
-(global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}.
-
-You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper},
address@hidden, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys.  To
-represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-},
address@hidden, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name.  Here
-is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word:
-
address@hidden
-(global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations.  @key{Hyper},
address@hidden, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character
-terminals.  address@hidden keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
address@hidden) also fall under this category.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions.
-
address@hidden Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as 
Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings
address@hidden Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window?
address@hidden @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm}
address@hidden Xterm and @key{Meta} key
-
address@hidden Mode, Single-Byte Character Set Support, emacs}.
-
-If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before
-asking for further help:
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager.
-(Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the
address@hidden key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?)
-
address@hidden
-For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key.  Use @code{xev} to
-find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates.  It should be either
address@hidden or @code{Meta_R}.  If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix
-the situation.  If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or
address@hidden, but @kbd{M-x} produces a address@hidden character, put this in
-your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file:
-
address@hidden
- XTerm*eightBitInput:   false
- XTerm*eightBitOutput:  true
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit
-characters.  @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show
address@hidden somewhere.  If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty
-cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it.
-
address@hidden
-If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the
address@hidden argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 
bits
-of every character.
-
address@hidden
-If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating
address@hidden(set-input-mode t nil)} helps.
-
address@hidden
-If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @address@hidden W} when
-you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it
-got the @kbd{M-W} anyway.  In X11R4, the following resource
-specification will do this:
-
address@hidden
-XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-(This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.)
-
-With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation:
-
address@hidden
-XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \
-  Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert()
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}.
-
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, SPC no longer completes 
file names, Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings
address@hidden Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key 
under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x?
address@hidden @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta}
address@hidden @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for
address@hidden HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key
-
-This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the
-fact that HP is now using this extension.  Emacs assumes that the
address@hidden function returns the same result regardless of the
address@hidden key state which is no longer necessarily true.  Until Emacs
-is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time
-the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are:
-
address@hidden
-xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch'
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this 
bug is
address@hidden solved?
-
-This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be
-undesirable if you actually intend to use them.
-
address@hidden SPC no longer completes file names,  , ExtendChar key does not 
work as Meta, Key bindings
address@hidden Why doesn't SPC complete file names anymore?
address@hidden @kbd{SPC} file name completion
-
-Starting with Emacs 22.1, @kbd{SPC} no longer completes file names in
-the minibuffer, so that file names with embedded spaces could be typed
-without the need to quote the spaces.
-
-You can get the old behavior by binding @kbd{SPC} to
address@hidden in the minibuffer, as follows:
-
address@hidden
-(define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map (kbd "SPC")
-  'minibuffer-complete-word)
-
-(define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map (kbd "SPC")
-  'minibuffer-complete-word)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top
address@hidden Alternate character sets
address@hidden Alternate character sets
-
address@hidden
-* Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
-* Inputting eight-bit characters::
-* Kanji and Chinese characters::
-* Right-to-left alphabets::
-* How to add fonts::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit 
characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets
address@hidden How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
address@hidden Displaying eight-bit characters
address@hidden Eight-bit characters, displaying
-
address@hidden Mode, Single-byte Character Set
-Support, emacs}.  On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal
-display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use
address@hidden to tell Emacs what the terminal can
-display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise
address@hidden characters will display as @samp{?}.  On other operating
-systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the
-character set supported by the display, and sets up the required
-terminal coding system automatically.
-
address@hidden Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, 
Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets
address@hidden How do I input eight-bit characters?
address@hidden Entering eight-bit characters
address@hidden Eight-bit characters, entering
address@hidden Input, 8-bit characters
-
-Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters.  See
address@hidden Mode, Single-byte Character Set
-Support, emacs}.  For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input
-Methods, Input Methods, emacs}.
-
address@hidden Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting 
eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets
address@hidden Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other 
Far-Eastern character sets?
address@hidden Kanji, handling with Emacs
address@hidden Chinese, handling with Emacs
address@hidden Japanese, handling with Emacs
address@hidden Korean, handling with Emacs
-
-Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual
-Enhancement to Emacs.  @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where
-to find and download the latest version of Emacs.
-
address@hidden Right-to-left alphabets, How to add fonts, Kanji and Chinese 
characters, Alternate character sets
address@hidden Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) 
alphabets?
address@hidden Right-to-left alphabets
address@hidden Hebrew, handling with Emacs
address@hidden Semitic alphabets
address@hidden Arabic alphabets
-
-Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not
-yet support right-to-left character entry and display.
-
address@hidden@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called
address@hidden that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew.  It
-reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for
-Emacs 18.  Write to Joel if you want the patches or package.
-
address@hidden FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package?
-
address@hidden requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support.
-Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux.
-
-You might also try querying @code{archie} for files named with
address@hidden; several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary
-files.
-
address@hidden How to add fonts,  , Right-to-left alphabets, Alternate 
character sets
address@hidden How do I add fonts for use with Emacs?
address@hidden add fonts for use with Emacs
address@hidden intlfonts
-
-First, download and install the BDF font files and any auxiliary
-packages they need.  The GNU Intlfonts distribution can be found on
address@hidden://directory.fsf.org/localization/intlfonts.html, the GNU
-Software Directory Web site}.
-
-Next, if you are on X Window system, issue the following two commands
-from the shell's prompt:
-
address@hidden
-  xset +fp /usr/local/share/emacs/fonts
-  xset fp rehash
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-(Modify the first command if you installed the fonts in a directory
-that is not @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/fonts}.)  You also need to
-arrange for these two commands to run whenever you log in, e.g., by
-adding them to your window-system startup file, such as
address@hidden/.xsessionrc} or @file{~/.gnomerc}.
-
-Now, add the following line to your @file{~/.emacs} init file:
-
address@hidden
-  (add-to-list 'bdf-directory-list "/usr/share/emacs/fonts/bdf")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-(Again, modify the file name if you installed the fonts elsewhere.)
-
-Finally, if you wish to use the installed fonts with @code{ps-print},
-add the following line to your @file{~/.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-  (setq ps-multibyte-buffer 'bdf-font-except-latin)
address@hidden lisp
-
-A few additional steps are necessary for MS-Windows; they are listed
-below.
-
-First, make sure @emph{all} the directories with BDF font files are
-mentioned in @code{bdf-directory-list}.  On Unix and GNU/Linux
-systems, one normally runs @kbd{make install} to install the BDF fonts
-in the same directory.  By contrast, Windows users typically don't run
-the Intlfonts installation command, but unpack the distribution in
-some directory, which leaves the BDF fonts in its subdirectories.  For
-example, assume that you unpacked Intlfonts in @file{C:/Intlfonts};
-then you should set @code{bdf-directory-list} as follows:
-
address@hidden
-  (setq bdf-directory-list
-    '("C:/Intlfonts/Asian"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese" "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese.X"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese.BIG" "C:/Intlfonts/Ethiopic"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/European" "C:/Intlfonts/European.BIG"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese" "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese.X"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese.BIG" "C:/Intlfonts/Korean.X"
-      "C:/Intlfonts/Misc"))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist}
address@hidden @code{w32-find-bdf-fonts}
-Next, you need to set up the variable @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist} to
-an alist of the BDF fonts and their corresponding file names.
-Assuming you have set @code{bdf-directory-list} to name all the
-directories with the BDF font files, the following Lisp snippet will
-set up @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist}:
-
address@hidden
-  (setq w32-bdf-filename-alist
-     (w32-find-bdf-fonts bdf-directory-list))
address@hidden lisp
-
-Now, create fontsets for the BDF fonts:
-
address@hidden
-  (create-fontset-from-fontset-spec
-   "-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-fontset-bdf,
-   japanese-jisx0208:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-*,
-   katakana-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*,
-   latin-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*,
-   japanese-jisx0208-1978:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1978-*,
-   thai-tis620:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-tis620.2529-1,
-   lao:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleLao-1,
-   
tibetan-1-column:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleTibetan-1,
-   
ethiopic:-Admas-Ethiomx16f-Medium-R-Normal--16-150-100-100-M-160-Ethiopic-Unicode,
-   tibetan:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-160-MuleTibetan-0")
address@hidden lisp
-
-Many of the international bdf fonts from Intlfonts are type 0, and
-therefore need to be added to font-encoding-alist:
-
address@hidden
-  (setq font-encoding-alist
-        (append '(("MuleTibetan-0" (tibetan . 0))
-                  ("GB2312"        (chinese-gb2312 . 0))
-                  ("JISX0208"      (japanese-jisx0208 . 0))
-                  ("JISX0212"      (japanese-jisx0212 . 0))
-                  ("VISCII"        (vietnamese-viscii-lower . 0))
-                  ("KSC5601"       (korean-ksc5601 . 0))
-                  ("MuleArabic-0"  (arabic-digit . 0))
-                  ("MuleArabic-1"  (arabic-1-column . 0))
-                  ("MuleArabic-2"  (arabic-2-column . 0)))
-                font-encoding-alist))
address@hidden lisp
-
-You can now use the Emacs font menu to select the @samp{bdf: 16-dot medium}
-fontset, or you can select it by setting the default font in your
address@hidden/.emacs}:
-
address@hidden
-  (set-default-font "fontset-bdf")
address@hidden lisp
-
-
address@hidden ------------------------------------------------------------
address@hidden Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top
address@hidden Mail and news
address@hidden Mail and news
-
address@hidden
-* Changing the included text prefix::
-* Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
-* Expanding aliases when sending mail::
-* Rmail thinks all messages are one big one::
-* Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
-* Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail::
-* Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them::
-* Replying to the sender of a message::
-* MIME with Emacs mail packages::
-* Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
-* Reading news with Emacs::
-* Gnus does not work with NNTP::
-* Viewing articles with embedded underlining::
-* Saving a multi-part Gnus posting::
-* Starting Gnus faster::
-* Catching up in all newsgroups::
-* Killing based on nonstandard headers::
-* Removing flashing messages::
-* Catch-up is slow in Gnus::
-* Gnus hangs for a long time::
-* Learning more about Gnus::
address@hidden menu
-
address@hidden Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing 
mail, Mail and news, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
address@hidden Prefix in mail/news followups, changing
address@hidden Included text prefix, changing
address@hidden Setting the included text character
address@hidden Quoting in mail messages
-
-If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable
address@hidden  For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}.
-For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}.
-
-For fancier control of citations, use Supercite.  @xref{Supercite}.
-
-To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to
-message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an
-appropriate regexp.
-
address@hidden Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending 
mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
address@hidden Saving a copy of outgoing mail
address@hidden Copying outgoing mail to a file
address@hidden Filing outgoing mail
address@hidden Automatic filing of outgoing mail
address@hidden Mail, saving outgoing automatically
-
-You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the
-mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by
-including an @samp{FCC} header.
-
-If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to
-yourself by putting
-
address@hidden
-(setq mail-self-blind t)
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden
-in your @file{.emacs} file.  You can automatically include an @samp{FCC}
-field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs}
-file:
-
address@hidden
-(setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing"))
address@hidden lisp
-
-The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly
-by VM, but not always by Rmail.  @xref{Learning how to do something}.
-
-If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your
-components file.
-
-It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc}
-file.
-
address@hidden Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages 
are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news
address@hidden Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
address@hidden Expanding aliases when sending mail
address@hidden Mail alias expansion
address@hidden Sending mail with aliases
-
address@hidden @bullet
-
address@hidden
-You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer
-with commas.  This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses
-like this one:
-
address@hidden
-To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com>
address@hidden example
-
-However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your
-system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx})
-supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your
address@hidden/.mailrc} file.
-
address@hidden
-Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session,
-when you start to compose your first mail message.  If you edit
address@hidden, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to
-make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}.
-
address@hidden
-If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you
-type them in.  To enable this feature, execute the following:
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type
address@hidden or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}).  You can force their
-expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e}
-(@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}).
address@hidden itemize
-
address@hidden Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages 
in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news
address@hidden Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message?
address@hidden Rmail thinks all messages are one large message
-
-A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail
-format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format).  Rmail will try
-to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it
-makes errors.  For guaranteed safety, you can make the
address@hidden file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the
-function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}.
-
address@hidden Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to 
/usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news
address@hidden How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder?
address@hidden Rmail, sorting messages in
address@hidden Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail
address@hidden Sorting messages in an Rmail folder
-
-In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions
-and their key bindings.
-
address@hidden Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when 
Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news
address@hidden Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}?
address@hidden Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail}
address@hidden @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail
-
-This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses.
-This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files.
-
-RMS writes:
-
address@hidden
-Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files.
-On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing
-mail.  You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them.
-
-Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access.  On
-these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}.
address@hidden quotation
-
address@hidden Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the 
sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format?
address@hidden Recovering munged mail files
address@hidden Rmail munged my files
address@hidden Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail
-
-If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want
-to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with
address@hidden k}).
-
address@hidden Exporting messages as Unix mail files
-If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox
-and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each
-message.
-
address@hidden Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format
address@hidden @code{unrmail} command
-If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail
-format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the
-input and output file names.
-
address@hidden b2m
-Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with
-Emacs.  @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this:
-
address@hidden
- b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file}
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and
address@hidden is the name of the file where the converted mail will
-be written.
-
address@hidden Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail 
packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news
address@hidden How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but 
not the other recipients?
address@hidden Replying only to the sender of a message
address@hidden Sender, replying only to
address@hidden Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in
-
address@hidden@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit
address@hidden to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original
-recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC}
-lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}),
-it replies only to the sender.  However, going through the whole
address@hidden business every time you want to reply is a pain.  This is the
-best fix I've been able to come up with:
-
address@hidden
-(defun rmail-reply-t ()
-  "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)"
-  (interactive)
-  (rmail-reply t))
-
-(add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook
-  (lambda ()
-    (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t)
-    (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply)))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or 
news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news
address@hidden How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME?
address@hidden MIME and Emacs mail packages
address@hidden Mail packages and MIME
address@hidden FAQ for MIME and Emacs
-
-Version 6.x of VM supports MIME.  @xref{VM}.  Gnus supports MIME in mail
-and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl).  Rmail has limited
-support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3.
-
address@hidden Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with 
Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
address@hidden Mail reader, starting automatically
address@hidden News reader, starting automatically
address@hidden Starting mail/news reader automatically
-
-To start Emacs in Gnus:
-
address@hidden
-emacs -f gnus
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden
-in Rmail:
-
address@hidden
-emacs -f rmail
address@hidden example
-
-A more convenient way to start with Gnus:
-
address@hidden
-alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus'
-gnus
address@hidden example
-
-It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader
-from your @file{.emacs} file.  This would cause problems if you needed to run
-two copies of Emacs at the same time.  Also, this would make it difficult for
-you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to.
-
address@hidden Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, 
Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I read news under Emacs?
address@hidden Reading news under Emacs
address@hidden Usenet reader in Emacs
address@hidden Gnus newsreader
-
-Use @kbd{M-x gnus}.  It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do
-something}).
-
address@hidden Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded 
underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news
address@hidden Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP?
address@hidden Gnus and NNTP
address@hidden NNTP, Gnus fails to work with
-
-There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests
-are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one
-before blocking waiting for more input which never comes.  NNTP version
-1.5.11 claims to fix this.
-
-You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq nntp-maximum-request 1)
address@hidden lisp
-
-You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by
-telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine
-(i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}).  The server should give its
-version number in the welcome message.  Type @kbd{quit} to get out.
-
address@hidden entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas.
-
address@hidden Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part 
Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., 
ClariNews)?
address@hidden Underlining, embedded in news articles
address@hidden News articles with embedded underlining
address@hidden Embedded underlining in news articles
-
-Underlining appears like this:
-
address@hidden
-_^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg
address@hidden example
-
address@hidden@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following
-code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true
-underlining, inconjunction with Gnus:
-
address@hidden
-(defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike ()
-  ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands.
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
-    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
-    (goto-char (point-min))
-      (while (search-forward "\b" nil t)
-        (let ((next (following-char))
-              (previous (char-after (- (point) 2))))
-          (cond ((eq next previous)
-                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
-                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
-                                    'face 'bold))
-                ((eq next ?_)
-                 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point)))
-                 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
-                                    'face 'underline))
-                ((eq previous ?_)
-                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
-                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
-                                    'face 'underline))))))))
-
-(add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike)
address@hidden lisp
-
-Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically.
-
-If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can
-destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this
-automatically via
-
address@hidden
-(add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook
-  (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max))))
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing 
articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus?
address@hidden Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving
address@hidden Saving multi-part postings in Gnus
address@hidden Gnus, saving multi-part postings in
-
-Use @code{gnus-uu}.  Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer
-to see a list of available commands.
-
address@hidden Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a 
multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I make Gnus start up faster?
address@hidden Faster, starting Gnus
address@hidden Starting Gnus faster
address@hidden Gnus, starting faster
-
-From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}):
-
address@hidden
address@hidden@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted
-the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to
-repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version
-5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the
-following settings:
-
address@hidden
-(setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil
-      gnus-read-active-file 'some
-      gnus-nov-is-evil nil
-      gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server))
address@hidden lisp
address@hidden quotation
-
address@hidden Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard 
headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus?
address@hidden Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus
address@hidden Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in
-
-In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e}
-
-Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point
-to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer.
-
address@hidden Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing 
messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news
address@hidden Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the 
Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers?
address@hidden Killing articles based on nonstandard headers
address@hidden Newsgroups header, killing articles based on
address@hidden Keywords header, killing articles based on
address@hidden Control header, killing articles based on
-
-Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and
address@hidden headers are ``Unknown header'' fields.
-
-For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the
address@hidden header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article
-(as long as your site carries the cross-post group).
-
-If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like
-this:
-
address@hidden
-(gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)")
address@hidden lisp
-
address@hidden Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing 
based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news
address@hidden How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow 
connections?
address@hidden Flashing Gnus messages, removing
address@hidden Removing flashing Gnus messages
address@hidden Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus
address@hidden Gnus, flashing messages in
-
-Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}.
-
address@hidden Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing 
flashing messages, Mail and news
address@hidden Why is catch up slow in Gnus?
address@hidden Slow catch up in Gnus
address@hidden Gnus is slow when catching up
address@hidden Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow
-
-Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read.  You can control this with
-the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}.
-
address@hidden Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up 
is slow in Gnus, Mail and news
address@hidden Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting?
address@hidden Hangs in Gnus
address@hidden Gnus hangs while posting
address@hidden Posting, Gnus hangs wile
-
address@hidden@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains:
-
address@hidden
-The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News.  NNTP
-POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang
-around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful.
-(That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the
-waited for job is a different sort of problem.)  It ends up taking a
-long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often
-waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system
-so it can file the article.
-
-My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call
address@hidden, but rather use @code{newsspool}.  This loses some
-error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as
address@hidden will detect a lot of the errors on its own.  The C News
-folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to
-most folks as that update propagates around.
address@hidden quotation
-
address@hidden Learning more about Gnus,  , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail 
and news
address@hidden Where can I find out more about Gnus?
address@hidden FAQ for Gnus
address@hidden Gnus FAQ
address@hidden Learning more about Gnus
-
-For more information on Gnus, consult the Gnus manual and FAQ, which are
-part of the Gnus distribution.
-
address@hidden Concept index,  , Mail and news, Top
address@hidden Concept Index
address@hidden cp
-
address@hidden
address@hidden
-
address@hidden
-   arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f
address@hidden ignore




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