[Qemu-devel] AHCI bug

[Zhang, Eniac]

Hi all,

 

I found a problem while using following combinations: qemu-1.6.1 + large disks (>127GB) + q35(AHCI controller) + int13h disk access. 

 

The AHCI controller code in Qemu has a bug that it will use the wrong LBA address when Seabios tries to access LBA>128GB (aka 127.5GB limit http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/printpage/Hard-Disk-Drives-Capacity-Limits/482).  When we needs to access the LBA>0xfffffff, 28bit LBA is not sufficient thus AHCI code needs to convert that into an LBA48 command, but it didn’t set all the flags correctly, so low level code ends up reading a sector at different address, here’s where I caught it red handed (from logging statement I added to qemu):

set: sector=300050824

get: sector=35809672

LBA mismatch detected, saved:0x00000011e26988, read:0x00000002226988

 

Here’s my qemu patch:

diff -r -p ../qemu-1.6.1-org/hw/ide/ahci.c ./hw/ide/ahci.c

*** ../qemu-1.6.1-org/hw/ide/ahci.c 2013-10-09 15:20:32.000000000 -0400

--- ./hw/ide/ahci.c     2014-07-21 10:37:03.734217053 -0400

*************** static int handle_cmd(AHCIState *s, int

*** 929,934 ****

--- 931,954 ----

               * do, I simply assume non-used fields as reserved and OR everything

               * together, independent of the command.

               */

+

+ #if 1 // eniac

+             // enable lba and lba48 mode, otherwise the bit won't get set until the command is completed, cause read/write corruption

+             ide_state->lba48 = (cmd_fis[2] == WIN_READDMA_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_READ_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_READDMA_QUEUED_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_READ_NATIVE_MAX_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_MULTREAD_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_WRITE_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_WRITEDMA_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_WRITEDMA_QUEUED_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_SET_MAX_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_MULTWRITE_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_VERIFY_EXT

+           || cmd_fis[2] == WIN_FLUSH_CACHE_EXT

+           );

+             ide_state->select |= 0x40;

+ #endif // eniac

              ide_set_sector(ide_state, ((uint64_t)cmd_fis[10] << 40)

                                      | ((uint64_t)cmd_fis[9] << 32)

                                      /* This is used for LBA48 commands */

diff -r -p ../qemu-1.6.1-org/hw/ide/core.c ./hw/ide/core.c

*** ../qemu-1.6.1-org/hw/ide/core.c 2013-10-09 15:20:32.000000000 -0400

--- ./hw/ide/core.c     2014-07-21 10:37:21.132422670 -0400

*************** void ide_transfer_stop(IDEState *s)

*** 445,450 ****

--- 445,454 ----

      s->status &= ~DRQ_STAT;

  }

 

+ #if 1 // eniac added to detect LBA skew, quit early to avoid corruption

+ int64_t saved_lba = -1;

+ #endif // eniac

+

  int64_t ide_get_sector(IDEState *s)

  {

      int64_t sector_num;

*************** int64_t ide_get_sector(IDEState *s)

*** 464,475 ****

--- 468,495 ----

          sector_num = ((s->hcyl << 8) | s->lcyl) * s->heads * s->sectors +

              (s->select & 0x0f) * s->sectors + (s->sector - 1);

      }

+

+ #if 1 // eniac

+     printf("get: sector=%" PRId64 "\n", sector_num);

+     if (sector_num != saved_lba && saved_lba != -1) {

+         printf("LBA mismatch detected, saved:%#016llx, read:%#016llx\n", (long long unsigned) saved_lba, (long long unsigned) sector_num);

+         exit(1);

+     } else {

+         saved_lba = -1;

+     }

+ #endif // eniac

      return sector_num;

  }

 

  void ide_set_sector(IDEState *s, int64_t sector_num)

  {

      unsigned int cyl, r;

+

+

+ #if 1 // eniac

+     saved_lba = sector_num;

+     printf("set: sector=%" PRId64 "\n", sector_num);

+ #endif // eniac

      if (s->select & 0x40) {

      if (!s->lba48) {

              s->select = (s->select & 0xf0) | (sector_num >> 24);

 

To duplicate the problem you need to turn off the workaround in ahci.c, leaving the debug logs in core.c, compile your qemu-system-x86_64 and then run:

./ qemu-system-x86_64 -fda dos622.img -drive if=none,file=./blank.qcow2,id=hdc,media=disk -device ide-hd,drive=hdc,bus=ide.0 -M q35 -m 256M -vnc :1 -boot a

 

Blank.qcow2 is a 300GB virtual disk file I pre-created, you can leave it blank cause what’s on disk doesn’t matter in this test.  dos622.img is the dos622 floppy image with debug.com and a batch file:

# cat int1342.bat

a 100

mov si, 0200

mov ax, 4200

mov dx, 0080

int 13

ret

 

; 0x3: length

e 200 10 00 7f 00 00 00 00 50

; lba

e 208 88 69 e2 11 00 00 00 00

                          

r ip

100

g

r

d 5000:0

q

 

Connect vncviewer, once dos boot is completed, type debug<int1342.bat to try to read a sector beyond 128GB using int13h. 

 

I tried to fix that by put in check that set the LBA modes manually.  It worked well for AHCI controllers but I think it looks like a bandaid rather than a proper fix.  Can someone more knowledgeable in disk access and controller code help to figure out what was supposed to happen here?

 

Regards/Eniac