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[Qemu-devel] [PATCH] dump: add Windows dump format to dump-guest-memory


From: Viktor Prutyanov
Subject: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH] dump: add Windows dump format to dump-guest-memory
Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2018 22:40:11 +0300

This patch adds Windows crashdumping feature. Now QEMU can produce crashdump
file understandable for WinDbg. The crashdump will be obtained by joining
physical memory dump and 8K header exposed through vmcoreinfo/fw_cfg device
by guest driver at BSOD time. Option '-w' was added to dump-guest-memory
command. At the moment, only x64 configuration is supported.
Suitable driver can be found at
https://github.com/virtio-win/kvm-guest-drivers-windows/tree/master/fwcfg64

Signed-off-by: Viktor Prutyanov <address@hidden>
---
 Makefile.target |   1 +
 dump.c          |  24 +++++++-
 hmp-commands.hx |  13 ++--
 hmp.c           |   9 ++-
 qapi/misc.json  |   4 +-
 win_dump.c      | 182 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 win_dump.h      |  86 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 310 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 win_dump.c
 create mode 100644 win_dump.h

diff --git a/Makefile.target b/Makefile.target
index 6549481096..f47ae7187e 100644
--- a/Makefile.target
+++ b/Makefile.target
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ obj-y += hw/
 obj-y += memory.o
 obj-y += memory_mapping.o
 obj-y += dump.o
+obj-y += win_dump.o
 obj-y += migration/ram.o
 LIBS := $(libs_softmmu) $(LIBS)
 
diff --git a/dump.c b/dump.c
index 6bdb0dbe23..961f26a7ee 100644
--- a/dump.c
+++ b/dump.c
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "hw/misc/vmcoreinfo.h"
 
+#ifdef TARGET_X86_64
+#include "win_dump.h"
+#endif
+
 #include <zlib.h>
 #ifdef CONFIG_LZO
 #include <lzo/lzo1x.h>
@@ -1861,7 +1865,11 @@ static void dump_process(DumpState *s, Error **errp)
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     DumpQueryResult *result = NULL;
 
-    if (s->has_format && s->format != DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_ELF) {
+    if (s->has_format && s->format == DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_WIN_DMP) {
+#ifdef TARGET_X86_64
+        create_win_dump(s, &local_err);
+#endif
+    } else if (s->has_format && s->format != DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_ELF) {
         create_kdump_vmcore(s, &local_err);
     } else {
         create_vmcore(s, &local_err);
@@ -1965,6 +1973,13 @@ void qmp_dump_guest_memory(bool paging, const char *file,
     }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef TARGET_X86_64
+    if (has_format && format == DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_WIN_DMP) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Windows dump is only available for x86-64");
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(WIN32)
     if (strstart(file, "fd:", &p)) {
         fd = monitor_get_fd(cur_mon, p, errp);
@@ -2039,5 +2054,12 @@ DumpGuestMemoryCapability 
*qmp_query_dump_guest_memory_capability(Error **errp)
     item->value = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_KDUMP_SNAPPY;
 #endif
 
+    /* Windows dump is available only if target is x86_64 */
+#ifdef TARGET_X86_64
+    item->next = g_malloc0(sizeof(DumpGuestMemoryFormatList));
+    item = item->next;
+    item->value = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_WIN_DMP;
+#endif
+
     return cap;
 }
diff --git a/hmp-commands.hx b/hmp-commands.hx
index 35d862a5d2..196aebea65 100644
--- a/hmp-commands.hx
+++ b/hmp-commands.hx
@@ -1088,30 +1088,33 @@ ETEXI
 
     {
         .name       = "dump-guest-memory",
-        .args_type  = 
"paging:-p,detach:-d,zlib:-z,lzo:-l,snappy:-s,filename:F,begin:i?,length:i?",
-        .params     = "[-p] [-d] [-z|-l|-s] filename [begin length]",
+        .args_type  = 
"paging:-p,detach:-d,windmp:-w,zlib:-z,lzo:-l,snappy:-s,filename:F,begin:i?,length:i?",
+        .params     = "[-p] [-d] [-z|-l|-s|-w] filename [begin length]",
         .help       = "dump guest memory into file 'filename'.\n\t\t\t"
                       "-p: do paging to get guest's memory mapping.\n\t\t\t"
                       "-d: return immediately (do not wait for 
completion).\n\t\t\t"
                       "-z: dump in kdump-compressed format, with zlib 
compression.\n\t\t\t"
                       "-l: dump in kdump-compressed format, with lzo 
compression.\n\t\t\t"
                       "-s: dump in kdump-compressed format, with snappy 
compression.\n\t\t\t"
+                      "-w: dump in Windows crashdump format,\n\t\t\t"
+                      "    for Windows x64 guests with vmcoreinfo driver 
only.\n\t\t\t"
                       "begin: the starting physical address.\n\t\t\t"
                       "length: the memory size, in bytes.",
         .cmd        = hmp_dump_guest_memory,
     },
 
-
 STEXI
 @item dump-guest-memory [-p] @var{filename} @var{begin} @var{length}
address@hidden dump-guest-memory [-z|-l|-s] @var{filename}
address@hidden dump-guest-memory [-z|-l|-s|-w] @var{filename}
 @findex dump-guest-memory
 Dump guest memory to @var{protocol}. The file can be processed with crash or
-gdb. Without -z|-l|-s, the dump format is ELF.
+gdb. Without -z|-l|-s|-w, the dump format is ELF.
         -p: do paging to get guest's memory mapping.
         -z: dump in kdump-compressed format, with zlib compression.
         -l: dump in kdump-compressed format, with lzo compression.
         -s: dump in kdump-compressed format, with snappy compression.
+        -w: dump in Windows crashdump format,
+            for Windows x64 guests with vmcoreinfo driver only.
   filename: dump file name.
      begin: the starting physical address. It's optional, and should be
             specified together with length.
diff --git a/hmp.c b/hmp.c
index 679467d85a..7c93e5851d 100644
--- a/hmp.c
+++ b/hmp.c
@@ -1951,6 +1951,7 @@ void hmp_device_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 void hmp_dump_guest_memory(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 {
     Error *err = NULL;
+    bool win_dmp = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "windmp", false);
     bool paging = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "paging", false);
     bool zlib = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "zlib", false);
     bool lzo = qdict_get_try_bool(qdict, "lzo", false);
@@ -1965,12 +1966,16 @@ void hmp_dump_guest_memory(Monitor *mon, const QDict 
*qdict)
     enum DumpGuestMemoryFormat dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_ELF;
     char *prot;
 
-    if (zlib + lzo + snappy > 1) {
-        error_setg(&err, "only one of '-z|-l|-s' can be set");
+    if (zlib + lzo + snappy + win_dmp > 1) {
+        error_setg(&err, "only one of '-z|-l|-s|-w' can be set");
         hmp_handle_error(mon, &err);
         return;
     }
 
+    if (win_dmp) {
+        dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_WIN_DMP;
+    }
+
     if (zlib) {
         dump_format = DUMP_GUEST_MEMORY_FORMAT_KDUMP_ZLIB;
     }
diff --git a/qapi/misc.json b/qapi/misc.json
index 5636f4a149..25db4b17c5 100644
--- a/qapi/misc.json
+++ b/qapi/misc.json
@@ -1645,10 +1645,12 @@
 #
 # @kdump-snappy: kdump-compressed format with snappy-compressed
 #
+# @win-dmp: Windows full crashdump format
+#
 # Since: 2.0
 ##
 { 'enum': 'DumpGuestMemoryFormat',
-  'data': [ 'elf', 'kdump-zlib', 'kdump-lzo', 'kdump-snappy' ] }
+  'data': [ 'elf', 'kdump-zlib', 'kdump-lzo', 'kdump-snappy', 'win-dmp' ] }
 
 ##
 # @dump-guest-memory:
diff --git a/win_dump.c b/win_dump.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75028083d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win_dump.c
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * Windows crashdump
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Virtuozzo International GmbH
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu/cutils.h"
+#include "elf.h"
+#include "cpu.h"
+#include "exec/hwaddr.h"
+#include "monitor/monitor.h"
+#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "sysemu/dump.h"
+#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
+#include "sysemu/memory_mapping.h"
+#include "sysemu/cpus.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "hw/misc/vmcoreinfo.h"
+#include "win_dump.h"
+
+static size_t write_run(WinDumpPhyMemRun64 *run, int fd, Error **errp)
+{
+    void *buf;
+    uint64_t addr = run->BasePage << TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    uint64_t size = run->PageCount << TARGET_PAGE_BITS;
+    uint64_t len = size;
+
+    buf = cpu_physical_memory_map(addr, &len, false);
+    if (!buf) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to map run");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (len != size) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to map entire run");
+        len = 0;
+        goto out_unmap;
+    }
+
+    len = qemu_write_full(fd, buf, len);
+    if (len != size) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+    }
+
+out_unmap:
+    cpu_physical_memory_unmap(buf, addr, false, len);
+
+    return len;
+}
+
+static void write_runs(DumpState *s, WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
+{
+    WinDumpPhyMemDesc64 *desc = &h->PhysicalMemoryBlock;
+    WinDumpPhyMemRun64 *run = desc->Run;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < desc->NumberOfRuns; i++) {
+        s->written_size += write_run(run + i, s->fd, &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void patch_mm_pfn_database(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
+{
+    if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
+            h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_MM_PFN_DATABASE_OFFSET64,
+            (uint8_t *)&h->PfnDatabase, sizeof(h->PfnDatabase), 0)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read MmPfnDatabase");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+static void patch_bugcheck_data(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint64_t KiBugcheckData;
+
+    if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
+            h->KdDebuggerDataBlock + KDBG_KI_BUGCHECK_DATA_OFFSET64,
+            (uint8_t *)&KiBugcheckData, sizeof(KiBugcheckData), 0)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read KiBugcheckData");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(first_cpu,
+            KiBugcheckData,
+            h->BugcheckData, sizeof(h->BugcheckData), 0)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: failed to read bugcheck data,"
+                         " KdDebuggerDataBlock may be encrypted.");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * This routine tries to correct mistakes in crashdump header.
+ */
+static void patch_header(WinDumpHeader64 *h)
+{
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    h->RequiredDumpSpace = sizeof(WinDumpHeader64) +
+            (h->PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages << TARGET_PAGE_BITS);
+    h->PhysicalMemoryBlock.unused = 0;
+    h->unused1 = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * We assume h->DirectoryBase and current CR3 are the same when we access
+     * memory by virtual address. In other words, we suppose current context
+     * is system context. It is definetely true in case of BSOD.
+     */
+
+    patch_mm_pfn_database(h, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        warn_report_err(local_err);
+    }
+    patch_bugcheck_data(h, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        warn_report_err(local_err);
+    }
+}
+
+static void check_header(WinDumpHeader64 *h, Error **errp)
+{
+    const char Signature[] = "PAGE";
+    const char ValidDump[] = "DU64";
+
+    if (memcmp(h->Signature, Signature, sizeof(h->Signature))) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid header, expected '%.4s',"
+                         " got '%.4s'", Signature, h->Signature);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (memcmp(h->ValidDump, ValidDump, sizeof(h->ValidDump))) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid header, expected '%.4s',"
+                         " got '%.4s'", ValidDump, h->ValidDump);
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+void create_win_dump(DumpState *s, Error **errp)
+{
+    WinDumpHeader64 *h = (WinDumpHeader64 *)(s->guest_note +
+            VMCOREINFO_ELF_NOTE_HDR_SIZE);
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    if (s->guest_note_size != sizeof(WinDumpHeader64) +
+            VMCOREINFO_ELF_NOTE_HDR_SIZE) {
+        error_setg(errp, "win-dump: invalid vmcoreinfo note size");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    check_header(h, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    patch_header(h);
+
+    s->total_size = h->RequiredDumpSpace;
+
+    s->written_size = qemu_write_full(s->fd, h, sizeof(*h));
+    if (s->written_size != sizeof(*h)) {
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    write_runs(s, h, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/win_dump.h b/win_dump.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a76fd4528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win_dump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Windows crashdump
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Virtuozzo International GmbH
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef struct WinDumpPhyMemRun64 {
+    uint64_t BasePage;
+    uint64_t PageCount;
+} QEMU_PACKED WinDumpPhyMemRun64;
+
+typedef struct WinDumpPhyMemDesc64 {
+    uint32_t NumberOfRuns;
+    uint32_t unused;
+    uint64_t NumberOfPages;
+    WinDumpPhyMemRun64 Run[43];
+} QEMU_PACKED WinDumpPhyMemDesc64;
+
+typedef struct WinDumpExceptionRecord {
+    uint32_t ExceptionCode;
+    uint32_t ExceptionFlags;
+    uint64_t ExceptionRecord;
+    uint64_t ExceptionAddress;
+    uint32_t NumberParameters;
+    uint32_t unused;
+    uint64_t ExceptionInformation[15];
+} QEMU_PACKED WinDumpExceptionRecord;
+
+typedef struct WinDumpHeader64 {
+    char Signature[4];
+    char ValidDump[4];
+    uint32_t MajorVersion;
+    uint32_t MinorVersion;
+    uint64_t DirectoryTableBase;
+    uint64_t PfnDatabase;
+    uint64_t PsLoadedModuleList;
+    uint64_t PsActiveProcessHead;
+    uint32_t MachineImageType;
+    uint32_t NumberProcessors;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint32_t BugcheckCode;
+            uint32_t unused0;
+            uint64_t BugcheckParameter1;
+            uint64_t BugcheckParameter2;
+            uint64_t BugcheckParameter3;
+            uint64_t BugcheckParameter4;
+        };
+        uint8_t BugcheckData[40];
+    };
+    uint8_t VersionUser[32];
+    uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock;
+    union {
+        WinDumpPhyMemDesc64 PhysicalMemoryBlock;
+        uint8_t PhysicalMemoryBlockBuffer[704];
+    };
+    union {
+        uint8_t ContextBuffer[3000];
+    };
+    WinDumpExceptionRecord Exception;
+    uint32_t DumpType;
+    uint32_t unused1;
+    uint64_t RequiredDumpSpace;
+    uint64_t SystemTime;
+    char Comment[128];
+    uint64_t SystemUpTime;
+    uint32_t MiniDumpFields;
+    uint32_t SecondaryDataState;
+    uint32_t ProductType;
+    uint32_t SuiteMask;
+    uint32_t WriterStatus;
+    uint8_t unused2;
+    uint8_t KdSecondaryVersion;
+    uint8_t reserved[4018];
+} QEMU_PACKED WinDumpHeader64;
+
+void create_win_dump(DumpState *s, Error **errp);
+
+#define KDBG_KI_BUGCHECK_DATA_OFFSET64  0x88
+#define KDBG_MM_PFN_DATABASE_OFFSET64   0xC0
+
+#define VMCOREINFO_ELF_NOTE_HDR_SIZE    24
-- 
2.14.3




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