>From 77fc2725985b4e5ef977ae6930835c7f0771c61c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <address@hidden>
Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2018 02:05:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Fix glitches introduced by nthcdr changes

* src/fns.c (Fnthcdr): Fix recently-introduced bug when
nthcdr is supposed to yield a non-nil non-cons.
Reported by Glenn Morris and by Pip Cet here:
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2018-08/msg00699.html
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2018-08/msg00708.html
Speed up nthcdr for small N, as suggested by Pip Cet here:
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2018-08/msg00707.html
* test/src/fns-tests.el (test-nthcdr-simple): New test.
---
 src/fns.c             | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 test/src/fns-tests.el |  5 +++++
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/fns.c b/src/fns.c
index 8cff6b1b6c..9d681017c1 100644
--- a/src/fns.c
+++ b/src/fns.c
@@ -1402,6 +1402,8 @@ DEFUN ("nthcdr", Fnthcdr, Snthcdr, 2, 2, 0,
        doc: /* Take cdr N times on LIST, return the result.  */)
   (Lisp_Object n, Lisp_Object list)
 {
+  Lisp_Object tail = list;
+
   CHECK_INTEGER (n);
 
   /* A huge but in-range EMACS_INT that can be substituted for a
@@ -1412,24 +1414,41 @@ DEFUN ("nthcdr", Fnthcdr, Snthcdr, 2, 2, 0,
 
   EMACS_INT num;
   if (FIXNUMP (n))
-    num = XFIXNUM (n);
+    {
+      num = XFIXNUM (n);
+
+      /* Speed up small lists by omitting circularity and quit checking.  */
+      if (num < 128)
+	{
+	  for (; 0 < num; num--, tail = XCDR (tail))
+	    if (! CONSP (tail))
+	      {
+		CHECK_LIST_END (tail, list);
+		return Qnil;
+	      }
+	  return tail;
+	}
+    }
   else
     {
-      num = mpz_sgn (XBIGNUM (n)->value);
-      if (0 < num)
-	num = large_num;
+      if (mpz_sgn (XBIGNUM (n)->value) < 0)
+	return tail;
+      num = large_num;
     }
 
   EMACS_INT tortoise_num = num;
-  Lisp_Object tail = list, saved_tail = tail;
+  Lisp_Object saved_tail = tail;
   FOR_EACH_TAIL_SAFE (tail)
     {
-      if (num <= 0)
-	return tail;
-      if (tail == li.tortoise)
+      /* If the tortoise just jumped (which is rare),
+	 update TORTOISE_NUM accordingly.  */
+      if (EQ (tail, li.tortoise))
 	tortoise_num = num;
+
       saved_tail = XCDR (tail);
       num--;
+      if (num == 0)
+	return saved_tail;
       rarely_quit (num);
     }
 
diff --git a/test/src/fns-tests.el b/test/src/fns-tests.el
index 92dc18fa03..b180f30f28 100644
--- a/test/src/fns-tests.el
+++ b/test/src/fns-tests.el
@@ -624,6 +624,11 @@ dot2
         (should (eq (gethash b2 hash)
                     (funcall test b1 b2)))))))
 
+(ert-deftest test-nthcdr-simple ()
+  (should (eq (nthcdr 0 'x) 'x))
+  (should (eq (nthcdr 1 '(x . y)) 'y))
+  (should (eq (nthcdr 2 '(x y . z)) 'z)))
+
 (ert-deftest test-nthcdr-circular ()
   (dolist (len '(1 2 5 37 120 997 1024))
     (let ((cycle (make-list len nil)))
-- 
2.17.1