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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi [emacs-unicode-2]


From: Miles Bader
Subject: [Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi [emacs-unicode-2]
Date: Fri, 10 Sep 2004 10:20:24 -0400

Index: emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi
diff -c emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.7.6.1 emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.7.6.2
*** emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.7.6.1     Fri Apr 16 12:50:41 2004
--- emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi     Thu Sep  9 09:36:28 2004
***************
*** 1,675 ****
  @c Insert  "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone.
  @c -*-texinfo-*-
! @c Copyright (C) 1995, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
! @setfilename ../info/gnus-faq.info
  
  @node Frequently Asked Questions
  @section Frequently Asked Questions
  
! This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
! If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
! @file{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/gnus/}, and has
! probably been updated since you got this manual.
  
  @menu
! * Installation FAQ::      Installation of Gnus.
! * Customization FAQ::     Customizing Gnus.
! * Reading News FAQ::      News Reading Questions.
! * Reading Mail FAQ::      Mail Reading Questions.
  @end menu
  
  
! @node Installation FAQ
  @subsection Installation
  
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! Q1.1  What is the latest version of Gnus?
  
- The latest (and greatest) version is 5.0.10.  You might also run
- across something called @emph{September Gnus}.  September Gnus
- is the alpha version of the next major release of Gnus.  It is currently
- not stable enough to run unless you are prepared to debug lisp.
  
! @item
! Q1.2  Where do I get Gnus?
  
! Any of the following locations:
  
! @itemize @minus
! @item
! @file{ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}
  
! @item
! @file{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/}
  
! @item
! @file{gopher://gopher.pilgrim.umass.edu/11/pub/misc/ding/}
  
! @item
! @file{ftp://aphrodite.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/pub/ding-gnus/}
  
! @item
! @file{ftp://ftp.solace.mh.se:/pub/gnu/elisp/}
  
! @end itemize
  
  @item
! Q1.3  Which version of Emacs do I need?
  
! At least GNU Emacs 19.28, or XEmacs 19.12 is recommended.  GNU Emacs
! 19.25 has been reported to work under certain circumstances, but it
! doesn't @emph{officially} work on it.  19.27 has also been reported to
! work.  Gnus has been reported to work under OS/2 as well as Unix.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.4  Where is timezone.el?
  
! Upgrade to XEmacs 19.13.  In earlier versions of XEmacs this file was
! placed with Gnus 4.1.3, but that has been corrected.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.5  When I run Gnus on XEmacs 19.13 I get weird error messages.
  
! You're running an old version of Gnus.  Upgrade to at least version
! 5.0.4.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.6  How do I unsubscribe from the Mailing List?
  
! Send an e-mail message to @file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word
! @emph{unsubscribe} somewhere in it, and you will be removed.
  
! If you are reading the digest version of the list, send an e-mail message
! to @*
! @file{ding-rn-digests-d-request@@moe.shore.net}
! with @emph{unsubscribe} as the subject and you will be removed.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.7  How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
  
! The basic answer is to byte-compile under XEmacs, and then you can
! run under either Emacsen.  There is, however, a potential version
! problem with easymenu.el with Gnu Emacs prior to 19.29.
! 
! Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes :@*
! The internal easymenu.el interface changed between 19.28 and 19.29 in
! order to make it possible to create byte compiled files that can be
! shared between Gnu Emacs and XEmacs.  The change is upward
! compatible, but not downward compatible.
! This gives the following compatibility table:
! 
! @example
! Compiled with:  | Can be used with:
! ----------------+--------------------------------------
! 19.28           | 19.28         19.29
! 19.29           |               19.29           XEmacs
! XEmacs          |               19.29           XEmacs
! @end example
! 
! If you have Gnu Emacs 19.28 or earlier, or XEmacs 19.12 or earlier, get
! a recent version of auc-menu.el from
! @file{ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/emacs-lisp/auc-menu.el}, and install it
! under the name easymenu.el somewhere early in your load path.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.8 What resources are available?
  
! There is the newsgroup Gnu.emacs.gnus. Discussion of Gnus 5.x is now
! taking place there. There is also a mailing list, send mail to
! @file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word @emph{subscribe}
! somewhere in it.
  
! @emph{NOTE:} the traffic on this list is heavy so you may not want to be
! on it (unless you use Gnus as your mailer reader, that is). The mailing
! list is mainly for developers and testers.
  
! Gnus has a home World Wide Web page address@hidden
! @file{http://www.gnus.org/}.
  
! Gnus has a write up in the X Applications FAQ address@hidden
! @file{http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/xapps/Q-III.html}.
  
! The Gnus manual is also available on the World Wide Web. The canonical
! source is in Norway address@hidden
! @file{http://www.gnus.org/manual/gnus_toc.html}.
  
! There are three mirrors in the United States:
! @enumerate
! @item
! @file{http://www.miranova.com/gnus-man/}
  
! @item
! @file{http://www.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/manual/gnus_toc.html}
  
! @item
! @file{http://www.rtd.com/~woo/gnus/}
  
! @end enumerate
  
! PostScript copies of the Gnus Reference card are available address@hidden
! @file{ftp://ftp.cs.ualberta.ca/pub/oolog/gnus/}.  They are mirrored 
address@hidden
! @file{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/refcard/} in the
! United States. address@hidden
! @file{ftp://marvin.fkphy.uni-duesseldorf.de/pub/gnus/}
! in Germany.
! 
! An online version of the Gnus FAQ is available address@hidden
! @file{http://www.miranova.com/~steve/gnus-faq.html}. Off-line formats
! are also available:@*
! ASCII: @file{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/address@hidden
! PostScript: @file{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/gnus-faq.ps}.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.9  Gnus hangs on connecting to NNTP server
  
! I am running XEmacs on SunOS and Gnus prints a message about Connecting
! to NNTP server and then just hangs.
  
! Ben Wing <wing@@netcom.com> writes :@*
! I wonder if you're hitting the infamous @emph{libresolv} problem.
! The basic problem is that under SunOS you can compile either
! with DNS or NIS name lookup libraries but not both.  Try
! substituting the IP address and see if that works; if so, you
! need to download the sources and recompile.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.10  Mailcrypt 3.4 doesn't work
  
! This problem is verified to still exist in Gnus 5.0.9 and Mailcrypt 3.4.
! The answer comes from Peter Arius
! <arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>.
! 
! I found out that mailcrypt uses
! @code{gnus-eval-in-buffer-window}, which is a macro.
! It seems as if you have
! compiled mailcrypt with plain old GNUS in load path, and the XEmacs byte
! compiler has inserted that macro definition into
! @file{mc-toplev.elc}.
! The solution is to recompile @file{mc-toplev.el} with Gnus 5 in
! load-path, and it works fine.
! 
! Steve Baur <steve@@miranova.com> adds :@*
! The problem also manifests itself if neither GNUS 4 nor Gnus 5 is in the
! load-path.
  
  
! @item
! Q1.11  What other packages work with Gnus?
  
! @itemize @minus
! @item
! Mailcrypt.
  
! Mailcrypt is an Emacs interface to PGP.  It works, it installs
! without hassle, and integrates very easily.  Mailcrypt can be
! obtained address@hidden
! @file{ftp://cag.lcs.mit.edu/pub/patl/mailcrypt-3.4.tar.gz}.
  
! @item
! Tools for Mime.
  
! Tools for Mime is an Emacs MUA interface to MIME.  Installation is
! a two-step process unlike most other packages, so you should
! be prepared to move the byte-compiled code somewhere.  There
! are currently two versions of this package available.  It can
! be obtained address@hidden
! @file{ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/GNU/elisp/}.
! Be sure to apply the supplied patch.  It works with Gnus through
! version 5.0.9.  In order for all dependencies to work correctly
! the load sequence is as follows:
! @lisp
!   (load "tm-setup")
!   (load "gnus")
!   (load "mime-compose")
! @end lisp
  
! @emph{NOTE:} Loading the package disables citation highlighting by
! default.  To get the old behavior back, use the @kbd{M-t} command.
  
! @end itemize
  
! @end itemize
  
  
! @node Customization FAQ
! @subsection Customization
  
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! Q2.1  Custom Edit does not work under XEmacs
  
! The custom package has not been ported to XEmacs.
  
  
! @item
! Q2.2  How do I quote messages?
  
! I see lots of messages with quoted material in them.  I am wondering
! how to have Gnus do it for me.
  
! This is Gnus, so there are a number of ways of doing this.  You can use
! the built-in commands to do this.  There are the @kbd{F} and @kbd{R}
! keys from the summary buffer which automatically include the article
! being responded to.  These commands are also selectable as @i{Followup
! and Yank} and @i{Reply and Yank} in the Post menu.
! 
! @kbd{C-c C-y} grabs the previous message and prefixes each line with
! @code{ail-indentation-spaces} spaces or @code{mail-yank-prefix} if that is
! non-nil, unless you have set your own @code{mail-citation-hook}, which will
! be called to do the job.
! 
! You might also consider the Supercite package, which allows for pretty
! arbitrarily complex quoting styles.  Some people love it, some people
! hate it.
  
  
! @item
! Q2.3 How can I keep my nnvirtual:* groups sorted?
  
! How can I most efficiently arrange matters so as to keep my nnvirtual:*
! (etc) groups at the top of my group selection buffer, whilst keeping
! everything sorted in alphabetical order.
! 
! If you don't subscribe often to new groups then the easiest way is to
! first sort the groups and then manually kill and yank the virtuals
! wherever you want them.
  
  
! @item
! Q2.4  Any good suggestions on stuff for an all.SCORE file?
  
! Here is a collection of suggestions from the Gnus mailing list.
  
! @enumerate
! @item
! From ``Dave Disser'' <disser@@sdd.hp.com>@*
! I like blasting anything without lowercase letters.  Weeds out most of
! the make $$ fast, as well as the lame titles like ``IBM'' and ``HP-UX''
! with no further description.
! @lisp
!  (("Subject"
!   ("^\\(Re: \\)?[^a-z]*$" -200 nil R)))
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! From ``Peter Arius'' <arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>@*
! The most vital entries in my (still young) all.SCORE:
! @lisp
! (("xref"
!   ("alt.fan.oj-simpson" -1000 nil s))
!  ("subject"
!   (concat "\\<\\(make\\|fast\\|big\\)\\s-*"
!           "\\(money\\|cash\\|bucks?\\)\\>"
!    -1000 nil r)
!   ("$$$$" -1000 nil s)))
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! From ``Per Abrahamsen'' <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk>@*
! @lisp
! (("subject"
!   ;; CAPS OF THE WORLD, UNITE
!   ("^..[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R)
!   ;; $$$ Make Money $$$ (Try work)
!   ("$" -1 nil s)
!   ;; I'm important! And I have exclamation marks to prove it!
!   ("!" -1 nil s)))
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! From ``heddy boubaker'' <boubaker@@cenatls.cena.dgac.fr>@*
! I  would like to contribute with mine.
! @lisp
! (
!  (read-only t)
!  ("subject"
!   ;; ALL CAPS SUBJECTS
!   ("^\\([Rr][Ee]: +\\)?[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R)
!   ;; $$$ Make Money $$$
!   ("$$" -10 nil s)
!   ;; Empty subjects are worthless!
!   ("^ *\\([(<]none[>)]\\|(no subject\\( given\\)?)\\)? *$"
!    -10 nil r)
!   ;; Sometimes interesting announces occur!
!   ("ANN?OU?NC\\(E\\|ING\\)" +10 nil r)
!   ;; Some people think they're on mailing lists
!   ("\\(un\\)?sub?scribe" -100 nil r)
!   ;; Stop Micro$oft NOW!!
!   ;; ("concat" used to avoid overfull box.)
!   (concat "\\(m\\(icro\\)?[s$]\\(oft\\|lot\\)?-?\\)?"
!           "wind?\\(ows\\|aube\\|oze\\)?[- ]*"
!           "\\('?95\\|NT\\|3[.]1\\|32\\)" -1001 nil r)
!   ;; I've nothing to buy
!   ("\\(for\\|4\\)[- ]*sale" -100 nil r)
!   ;; SELF-DISCIPLINED people
!   ("\\[[^a-z0-9 \t\n][^a-z0-9 \t\n]\\]" +100 nil r)
!   )
!  ("from"
!   ;; To keep track of posters from my site
!   (".dgac.fr" +1000 nil s))
!  ("followup"
!   ;; Keep track of answers to my posts
!   ("boubaker" +1000 nil s))
!  ("lines"
!   ;; Some people have really nothing to say!!
!   (1 -10 nil <=))
!  (mark -100)
!  (expunge -1000)
!  )
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! From ``Christopher Jones'' <cjones@@au.oracle.com>@*
! The sample @file{all.SCORE} files from Per and boubaker could be
! augmented with:
! @lisp
!       (("subject"
!         ;; No junk mail please!
!         ("please ignore" -500 nil s)
!         ("test" -500 nil e))
!       )
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! From ``Brian Edmonds'' <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca>@*
! Augment any of the above with a fast method of scoring down
! excessively cross posted articles.
! @lisp
!  ("xref"
!   ;; the more cross posting, the exponentially worse the article
!   ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -1 nil r)
!   ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -2 nil r)
!   ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -4 nil r)
!   ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -8 nil r)
!   ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!     -16 nil r)
!   (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!           " \\S-+ \\S-+"
!     -32 nil r)
!   (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!           " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -64 nil r)
!   (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!           " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -128 nil r)
!   (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!           " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -256 nil r)
!   (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
!           " \\S-+" \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -512 nil r))
! @end lisp
  
! @end enumerate
  
  
! @item
! Q2.5  What do I use to yank-through when replying?
  
! You should probably reply and followup with @kbd{R} and @kbd{F}, instead
! of @kbd{r} and @kbd{f}, which solves your problem.  But you could try
! something like:
  
  @example
! (defconst mail-yank-ignored-headers
!   "^.*:"
!   "Delete these headers from message when it's inserted in reply.")
  @end example
  
  
! @item
! Q2.6  I don't like the default WWW browser
  
! Now when choosing an URL Gnus starts up a W3 buffer, I would like it
! to always use Netscape (I don't browse in text-mode ;-).
  
! @enumerate
! @item
! Activate `Customize...' from the `Help' menu.
  
! @item
! Scroll down to the `WWW Browser' field.
  
! @item
! Click `mouse-2' on `WWW Browser'.
  
! @item
! Select `Netscape' from the pop up menu.
  
! @item
! Press `C-c C-c'
  
! @end enumerate
  
! If you are using XEmacs then to specify Netscape do
! @lisp
!   (setq gnus-button-url 'gnus-netscape-open-url)
! @end lisp
  
  
  @item
! Q2.7 What, if any, relation is between ``ask-server'' and ``(setq
! gnus-read-active-file 'some)''?
  
! In order for Gnus to show you the complete list of newsgroups, it will
! either have to either store the list locally, or ask the server to
! transmit the list. You enable the first with
  
! @lisp
!         (setq gnus-save-killed-list t)
! @end lisp
  
! and the second with
  
! @lisp
!         (setq gnus-read-active-file t)
! @end lisp
  
! If both are disabled, Gnus will not know what newsgroups exists. There
! is no option to get the list by casting a spell.
  
  
! @item
! Q2.8  Moving between groups is slow.
  
! Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@*
  
! Do you call @code{define-key} or something like that in one of the
! summary mode hooks?  This would force Emacs to recalculate the keyboard
! shortcuts.  Removing the call should speed up @kbd{M-x gnus-summary-mode
! RET} by a couple of orders of magnitude.  You can use
  
! @lisp
! (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map KEY COMMAND)
! @end lisp
  
! in your @file{.gnus} instead.
  
! @end itemize
  
  
! @node Reading News FAQ
! @subsection Reading News
  
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! Q3.1  How do I convert my kill files to score files?
  
! @email{ethanb@@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu, Ethan Bradford} write a
! kill-to-score translator.  It is available address@hidden
! @file{http://baugi.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-various/gnus-kill-to-score.el}.
  
  
! @item
! Q3.2 My news server has a lot of groups, and killing groups is painfully
! slow.
  
! Don't do that then.  The best way to get rid of groups that should be
! dead is to edit your newsrc directly.  This problem will be addressed
! in the near future.
  
  
! @item
! Q3.3  How do I use an NNTP server with authentication?
  
! Put the following into your .gnus:
! @lisp
!  (add-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook 'nntp-send-authinfo)
! @end lisp
  
  
! @item
! Q3.4  Not reading the first article.
  
! How do I avoid reading the first article when a group is selected?
  
! @enumerate
! @item
! Use @kbd{RET} to select the group instead of @kbd{SPC}.
  
! @item
! @code{(setq gnus-auto-select first nil)}
  
! @item
! Luis Fernandes <elf@@mailhost.ee.ryerson.ca>writes:@*
! This is what I use...customize as necessary...
  
! @lisp
! ;;; Don't auto-select first article if reading sources, or
! ;;; archives or jobs postings, etc. and just display the
! ;;; summary buffer
! (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
!         (function
!          (lambda ()
!            (cond ((string-match "sources" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                          ((string-match "jobs" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                               (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                  ((string-match "comp\\.archives" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                  ((string-match "reviews" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                  ((string-match "announce" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                  ((string-match "binaries" gnus-newsgroup-name)
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
!                  (t
!                   (setq gnus-auto-select-first t))))))
! @end lisp
  
! @item
! Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@*
! Another possibility is to create an @file{all.binaries.all.SCORE} file
! like this:
! 
! @lisp
! ((local
!   (gnus-auto-select-first nil)))
! @end lisp
! 
! and insert
! @lisp
!       (setq gnus-auto-select-first t)
! @end lisp
  
! in your @file{.gnus}.
  
! @end enumerate
  
! @item
! Q3.5  Why aren't BBDB known posters marked in the summary buffer?
  
! Brian Edmonds <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca> writes:@*
! Due to changes in Gnus 5.0, @file{bbdb-gnus.el} no longer marks known
! posters in the summary buffer.  An updated version, @file{gnus-bbdb.el}
! is available at the locations listed below.  This package also supports
! autofiling of incoming mail to folders specified in the BBDB.  Extensive
! instructions are included as comments in the file.
  
! Send mail to @file{majordomo@@edmonds.home.cs.ubc.ca} with the following
! line in the body of the message: @emph{get misc gnus-bbdb.el}.
  
! Or get it from the World Wide Web:@*
! @file{http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/edmonds/gnus-bbdb.el}.
  
! @end itemize
  
  
! @node Reading Mail FAQ
! @subsection Reading Mail
  
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! Q4.1 What does the message ``Buffer has changed on disk'' mean in a mail
! group?
  
! Your filter program should not deliver mail directly to your folders,
! instead it should put the mail into spool files.  Gnus will then move
! the mail safely from the spool files into the folders.  This will
! eliminate the problem.  Look it up in the manual, in the section
! entitled ``Mail & Procmail''.
  
  
! @item
! Q4.2  How do you make articles un-expirable?
  
! I am using nnml to read news and have used
! @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups} to automagically expire articles
! in some groups (Gnus being one of them).  Sometimes there are
! interesting articles in these groups that I want to keep.  Is there any
! way of explicitly marking an article as un-expirable - that is mark it
! as read but not expirable?
! 
! Use @kbd{u}, @kbd{!}, @kbd{d} or @kbd{M-u} in the summary buffer. You
! just remove the @kbd{E} mark by setting some other mark. It's not
! necessary to tick the articles.
  
  
! @item
! Q4.3  How do I delete bogus nnml: groups?
  
! My problem is that I have various mail (nnml) groups generated while
! experimenting with Gnus. How do I remove them now? Setting the level to
! 9 does not help. Also @code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups} does not
! recognize them.
! 
! Removing mail groups is tricky at the moment. (It's on the to-do list,
! though.) You basically have to kill the groups in Gnus, shut down Gnus,
! edit the active file to exclude these groups, and probably remove the
! nnml directories that contained these groups as well. Then start Gnus
! back up again.
  
  
  @item
! Q4.4  What happened to my new mail groups?
  
! I got new mail, but I have
! never seen the groups they should have been placed in.
  
! They are probably there, but as zombies. Press @kbd{A z} to list
! zombie groups, and then subscribe to the groups you want with @kbd{u}.
! This is all documented quite nicely in the user's manual.
  
  
! @item
! Q4.5  Not scoring mail groups
  
! How do you @emph{totally} turn off scoring in mail groups?
  
! Use an nnbabyl:all.SCORE (or nnmh, or nnml, or whatever) file containing:
  
  @example
! ((adapt ignore)
!  (local (gnus-use-scoring nil))
!  (exclude-files "all.SCORE"))
  @end example
  
! @end itemize
  
  
  @ignore
     arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8
--- 1,2606 ----
  @c Insert  "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone.
  @c -*-texinfo-*-
! @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
! @setfilename gnus-faq.info
! 
! @c Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ - Introduction, Emacs for Heathens, Top
  
  @node Frequently Asked Questions
+ @comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
+ 
+ @c @chapter Frequently Asked Questions
  @section Frequently Asked Questions
+ @cindex FAQ
+ @cindex Frequently Asked Questions
  
! @c - Uncomment @chapter, comment @section
! @c - run (texinfo-every-node-update)
! @c - revert it.
  
  @menu
! * FAQ - Introduction::                    About Gnus and this FAQ.
! * FAQ 1 - Installation::                  Installation of Gnus.
! * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer::        Start up questions and the first
!                                           buffer Gnus shows you.
! * FAQ 3 - Getting messages::              Making Gnus read your mail and news.
! * FAQ 4 - Reading messages::              How to efficiently read messages.
! * FAQ 5 - Composing messages::            Composing mails or Usenet postings.
! * FAQ 6 - Old messages::                  Importing, archiving, searching
!                                           and deleting messages.
! * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while offline.
! * FAQ 8 - Getting help::                  When this FAQ isn't enough.
! * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus::                   How to make Gnus faster.
! * FAQ - Glossary::                        Terms used in the FAQ explained.
  @end menu
  
  
! @subheading Abstract
! 
!  This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.  If you have a
! Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, the Docbook source is available from
! @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/}.
!  
! 
!  Please submit features and suggestions to the 
!  @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org,FAQ discussion list}.
!  The list is protected against junk mail with
!  @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html,qconfirm, qconfirm}. As
!  a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can
!  also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to
!  @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org}
!  and
!  
@uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,browse
!  the archive, browse the archive}. 
!  
! @node FAQ - Introduction, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions, 
Frequently Asked Questions
! @comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
! @heading Introduction
! 
! This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
! 
! Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
!  as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade
!  now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of
!  that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
!  original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA.
!  When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
!  decided to rewrite Gnus.
! 
!  Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
!  customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
!  most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
!  advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
!  (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
!  high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
!  high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
!  want.
! 
!  This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
!  would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
!  job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks,
!  Justin!
!  
! 
!  If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:@*
!  @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}.
!  This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
!  versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio
!  State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below
!  if you want information on obtaining it in another format.
!  
! 
!  The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
!  of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or
!  misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry.
! 
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ - 
Introduction, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
  @subsection Installation
  
! @menu
! * [1.1]::   What is the latest version of Gnus?
! * [1.2]::   What's new in 5.10.0?
! * [1.3]::   Where and how to get Gnus?
! * [1.4]::   What to do with the tarball now? 
! * [1.5]::   Which version of Emacs do I need?
! * [1.6]::   How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
! @end menu
  
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.1], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.1: 
  
! What is the latest version of Gnus?
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Jingle please: Gnus 5.10.0 is released, get it while it's
!  hot! As well as the step in version number is rather
!  small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you
!  shouldn't miss, however if you are cautious, you might
!  prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9 (they are
!  basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.2], [1.3], [1.1], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.2: 
  
! What's new in 5.10.0?
  
! Answer: 
  
!  First of all, you should have a look into the file
!  GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball,
!  there the most important changes are listed. Here's a
!  short list of the changes I find especially
!  important/interesting:
!  
  
!  
! 
! @itemize @bullet{}
  
  @item
!  Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now
!  active by default.
!  
! @item
!  Many new article washing functions for dealing with
!  ugly formatted articles.
!  
! @item
!  Anti Spam features.
!  
! @item
!  message-utils now included in Gnus.
!  
! @item
!  New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for
!  a complex trn-style thread tree.
!  
! @end itemize
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.3], [1.4], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.3: 
! 
! Where and how to get Gnus?
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in
!  Emacs 21 and until now it also isn't available through the
!  package system of XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the
!  Gnus tarball from
!  @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
!  or via anonymous FTP from 
!  @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.4], [1.5], [1.3], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.4: 
! 
!  What to do with the tarball now?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common 
!  @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle.
!  (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from
!  @uref{http://www.cygwin.com}
!  which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the
!  tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from
!  @uref{http://www.winace.com})
!  and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install
!  Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus
!  system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the
!  following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs:
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
! (if (featurep 'xemacs)
!     (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
!   (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
! @end example
  
+ @noindent
+  Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff
+  before this line, on MS Windows use something like
+  "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/").
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [1.5], [1.6], [1.4], FAQ 1 - Installation
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 1.5: 
+ 
+ Which version of Emacs do I need?
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  Gnus 5.10.0 requires an Emacs version that is greater
+  than or equal to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [1.6],  , [1.5], FAQ 1 - Installation
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 1.6: 
+ 
+ How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp
+  files are byte-compiled to a format which is different
+  depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy
+  of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 1 - 
Installation, Frequently Asked Questions
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsection Startup / Group buffer
  
! @menu
! * [2.1]::   Every time I start Gnus I get a message
!             "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?", 
!             what does this mean and how to prevent it? 
! * [2.2]::   Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's 
this? 
! * [2.3]::   How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? 
! * [2.4]::   My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my
!             groups into categories so I can easier browse through them?
! * [2.5]::   How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the
!             groups in a topic? 
! @end menu
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.1], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group 
buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.1: 
! 
!  Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
!  file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
!  and how to prevent it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it
!  wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its
!  informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you
!  are now asked if you want to restore those informations
!  from the auto-save file.
!  
! 
!  To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus
!  via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of
!  just killing Emacs.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.2], [2.3], [2.1], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question: 2.2 
! 
!  Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
!  what's this?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You get the message described in the q/a pair above while
!  starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same
!  problem, so read the answer above.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.3], [2.4], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.3: 
! 
!  How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You've got to tweak the value of the variable
!  gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
!  Specification" for information on how to do this. An
!  example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
!  
  
+ @example
  
! (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
!             
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.4], [2.5], [2.3], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.4: 
! 
!  My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
!  sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse
!  through them?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your
!  groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with
!  Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
!  the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
!  the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
!  
! 
!  To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
!  you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
!  at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
!  a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
!  menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
!  beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
!  the groups nicely indented.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.5],  , [2.4], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.5: 
! 
!  How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
!  sort the groups in a topic?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Move point over the group you want to move and
!  hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the
!  place where you want the group to be and
!  hit @samp{C-y}.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 2 - Startup / 
Group buffer, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Getting messages
  
! @menu
! * [3.1]::   I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says
!             "nntp (news) open error", what to do? 
! * [3.2]::   I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means. 
! * [3.3]::   My news server requires authentication, how to store user name
!             and password on disk? 
! * [3.4]::   Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
!             subscribe to a group. 
! * [3.5]::   Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
!             post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
! * [3.6]::   I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? 
! * [3.7]::   And how about local spool files? 
! * [3.8]::   OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
!             with Gnus, too. How to do it? 
! * [3.9]::   And what about IMAP? 
! * [3.10]::  At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers,
!             can I use Gnus to read my mail from it? 
! * [3.11]::  Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server
!             it retrieves via POP3? 
! @end menu
  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [3.1], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 3.1: 
+ 
+  I just installed Gnus, started it via 
+  @samp{M-x gnus} 
+  but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
+  the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
+  first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus:
+  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
! (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
! (setq user-full-name "Your Name")
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.2], [3.3], [3.1], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.2: 
! 
!  I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the
! configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what this
! means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can type
! @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET } (yes, with the forward slash, even on
! Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
! likely be new, and thus empty.)  However, I'd discourage you from
! doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be
! what you want, so let's do it the correct way.  The first thing you've
! got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory
! name please) e.g. @file{c:\myhome}. Then you must set the environment
! variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x or Me include
! the line
!  
  
! @example
  
! SET HOME=C:\myhome
!           
! @end example
  
+ @noindent
+  in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP,
+  hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it
+  doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll
+  find the possibility to set environment variables, create
+  a new one with name HOME and value @file{c:\myhome}, a reboot is
+  not necessary.
+  
+ 
+  Now to create ~/.gnus, say
+  @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s}.
+  in Emacs. 
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [3.3], [3.4], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 3.3: 
+ 
+  My news server requires authentication, how to store
+  user name and password on disk?
+  
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
!  
  
+ @example
+ machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
! .
!  Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
!  work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
!  say 
  
! @example
! chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in a shell.)
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.4], [3.5], [3.3], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.4: 
! 
!  Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
!  subscribe to a group.
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
!  name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
!  tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
!  this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
!  cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
!  hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
!  you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
!  to subscribe to it.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.5], [3.6], [3.4], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.5: 
! 
!  Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
!  post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
!  access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
!  to those servers append 
!  
  
! @example
! force yes
! @end example
!  
  
! @noindent
!  to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.6], [3.7], [3.5], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.6: 
! 
!  I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
!  variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
!  this in ~/.gnus:
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods 
!            '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods 
!            '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))          
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.7], [3.8], [3.6], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.7: 
! 
!  And how about local spool files?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  No problem, this is just one more select method called
!  nnspool, so you want this:
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
!  want something different, change the line above to something like this:
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
!              '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
! @end example
  
+ @noindent
+  This sets the spool directory for this server only.
+  You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
+  to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [3.8], [3.9], [3.7], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 3.8: 
+ 
+  OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
+  with Gnus, too. How to do it?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
+  for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
+  different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
+  these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
+  send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
+  fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
+  where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
+  Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
+  need a combination of the above cases.
+  
+ 
+  However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
+  it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
+  to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
+  commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
+  and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one
+  file per group approach if your file system has problems with
+  many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
+  choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus:
+  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
! @end example
!  
  
+  Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If
+  it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
+  
  
! @example
! (eval-after-load "mail-source"
!   '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
!                                     :user "yourUserName"
!                                     :password "yourPassword")))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store
!  your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
!  traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
!  
  
+ @example
+ (eval-after-load "mail-source"
+   '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file")))
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
!  postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
!  
  
! @example
! (eval-after-load "mail-source"
!   '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
!                                         :subdirs ("cur" "new")))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
!  in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
!  mail, it's
!  
  
! @example
! (eval-after-load "mail-source"
!   '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
!                                           :suffix ".prcml"))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
!  suffix .prcml.
!  
! 
!  OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
!  want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
!  the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
!  anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
!  SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus
!  
  
! @example
! (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
! (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
! (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.9], [3.10], [3.8], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.9: 
! 
!  And what about IMAP?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
!  to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
!  the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
!  this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
!  ~/.gnus
!  
  
! @example
! (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
!                                   :user "username"
!                                   :pass "password"
!                                   :stream network
!                                   :authentication login
!                                   :mailbox "INBOX"
!                                   :fetchflag "\\Seen"))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
!  authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
!  Specifiers" for possible values.
!  
! 
!  If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
!  follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
!  back end to your select method and give the information
!  about the server there.
!  
  
+ @example
+ (add-to-list 
+  'gnus-secondary-select-methods
+  '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
+         (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
+         (nnimap-port 143)
+         (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
!  server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
!  Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.10], [3.11], [3.9], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.10: 
! 
!  At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
!  Gnus to read my mail from it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
!  activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
!  above.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.11],  , [3.10], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.11: 
! 
!  Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
!  retrieves via POP3?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work,
!  if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP
!  Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the
!  server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you
!  need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined
!  functionality to do so.
!  
! 
!  However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to
!  achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external
!  program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them
!  on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you
!  could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use
!  Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server.
!  
! 
!  The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus
!  uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable
!  of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get
!  the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el,
!  look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell
!  Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For
!  GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same
!  (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
!  e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program
!  (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node
!  "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do
!  it.
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 3 - Getting 
messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Reading messages
  
! @menu
! * [4.1]::   When I enter a group, all read messages are gone.
!             How to view them again? 
! * [4.2]::   How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time
!             I enter a group, even when it's read? 
! * [4.3]::   How to view the headers of a message? 
! * [4.4]::   How to view the raw unformatted message? 
! * [4.5]::   How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the
!             top of the article buffer? 
! * [4.6]::   I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
!             text part if it's available. How to do it? 
! * [4.7]::   Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? 
! * [4.8]::   Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
!             more readable? 
! * [4.9]::   Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors
!             or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more
!             interesting ones in some way? 
! * [4.10]::  How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set
!             other variables specific for some groups? 
! * [4.11]::  Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those? 
! * [4.12]::  The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in
!             group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups.
!             Is this a bug? 
! * [4.13]::  I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer,
!             how to change it?  Perhaps even a three pane display? 
! * [4.14]::  I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? 
! * [4.15]::  How to split incoming mails in several groups? 
! @end menu
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.1], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.1: 
! 
!  When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  If you enter the group by saying 
!  @samp{RET}
!  in summary buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages 
are loaded. Say
!  @samp{C-u RET}
!  instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest 
say
!  @samp{C-u 300 RET}
!  
  
+  Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view 
enabled, say
+  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
! @end example
!  
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 
'some with t to load
!  all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is 
!  fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a 
group).
!  
! 
!  If you already use Gnus 5.10.0, you can say 
!  @samp{/o N} 
!  In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available 
in 5.8.8
!  
! 
!  If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're 
just reading,
!  you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
!  the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.2], [4.3], [4.1], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.2: 
! 
!  How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
!  enter a group, even when it's read?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You can tick important messages. To do this hit
!  @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
!  over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
!  either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
!  mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
!  (which deletes all marks for the message).
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.3], [4.4], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.3: 
! 
!  How to view the headers of a message?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Say @samp{t} 
!  to show all headers, one more
!  @samp{t} 
!  hides them again.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.4], [4.5], [4.3], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.4: 
! 
!  How to view the raw unformatted message?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Say 
!  @samp{C-u g} 
!  to show the raw message
!  @samp{g} 
!  returns to normal view.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.5], [4.6], [4.4], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.5: 
! 
!  How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
!  the top of the article buffer?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
!  are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
!  which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
!  date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
!  say this in ~/.gnus:
!  
! @example
! (setq gnus-visible-headers 
!       "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\
! \\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)")
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.6], [4.7], [4.5], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.6: 
! 
!  I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
!  text part if it's available. How to do it?
!  
  
! Answer: 
  
+  Say
+  
  
! @example
! (eval-after-load "mm-decode"
!  '(progn 
!       (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
!       (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text 
alternative add
!  
  
+ @example
+ (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  too.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.7], [4.8], [4.6], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.7: 
! 
!  Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Only if you use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger. In this case you've got the
!  choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
!  one is used can be specified in the variable
!  mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
!  mail say
!  
  
! @example
! (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.8], [4.9], [4.7], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.8: 
! 
!  Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
!  more readable?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail,
!  you can find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing. The 
most
!  interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" (
!  @samp{W w}
!  ), "Decode ROT13" (
!  @samp{W r}
!  ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the dumb quoting used
!  by many users of Microsoft products (
!  @samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
!  See @samp{W Y C-h} or
!  have a look at the menus for other deuglifications).
!  Outlook deuglify is only available since Gnus 5.10.0.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.9], [4.10], [4.8], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.9: 
! 
!  Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
!  authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
!  highlight more interesting ones in some way?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
!  which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
!  the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
!  it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
!  value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
!  
! 
!  There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
!  the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
!  up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
!  reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
!  to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
!  @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
!  Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
!  be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
!  we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
!  header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
!  Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
!  @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
!  everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
!  name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
!  Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g.
!  @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
!  forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
!  @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
!  
! 
!  You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
!  f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
!  of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
!  only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
!  Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
!  whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
!  is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
!  which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
!  matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the
!  following to your all.Score:
!  
  
! @example
! (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
!  ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
!  and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
!  indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
!  nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
!  
! 
!  The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
!  watches you and tries to find out what you find
!  interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
!  which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
!  when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
!  adaptive scoring say
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.10], [4.11], [4.9], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.10: 
! 
!  How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or
!  set other variables specific for some groups?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
!  @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
!  can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
!  you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
!  locally for the group. To disable threading enter
!  gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as
!  value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
!  you're ready.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.11], [4.12], [4.10], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.11: 
! 
!  Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
!  those?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
!  in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
!  make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
!  like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
!  special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
!  faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on
!  
@uref{http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm/HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view,my.gnus.org}
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.12], [4.13], [4.11], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.12: 
! 
!  The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
!  displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
!  mail groups. Is this a bug?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
!  mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
!  back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
!  lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
!  works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
!  many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
!  symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} 
!  (this makes Gnus get all messages), then
!  hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
!  then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
!  all messages to the group they have been in before, they
!  get new message numbers in this process and the count is
!  right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
!  groups again).
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.13], [4.14], [4.12], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.13: 
! 
!  I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
!  to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You can control the windows configuration by calling the
!  function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
!  complicated but explained very well in the manual node
!  "Window Layout". Some popular examples:
!  
! 
!  Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
!  article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
!  space"):
!  
  
! @example
! (gnus-add-configuration 
!  '(article (vertical 1.0
!                    (summary .35 point)
!                    (article 1.0))))
! @end example
!  
  
!  A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
!  buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
!  
  
! @example
! (gnus-add-configuration
!  '(article
!    (horizontal 1.0
!              (vertical 25
!                        (group 1.0))
!              (vertical 1.0
!                        (summary 0.25 point)
!                        (article 1.0)))))
! (gnus-add-configuration
!  '(summary
!    (horizontal 1.0
!              (vertical 25
!                        (group 1.0))
!              (vertical 1.0
!                        (summary 1.0 point)))))              
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.14], [4.15], [4.13], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.14: 
! 
!  I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You've got to play around with the variable
!  gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of
!  symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
!  etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
!  manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
!  node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There
!  you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
!  tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
!  sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
!  
! 
!  Since 5.10.0, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
!  e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
!  gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
!  articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
!  
  
+ @example
+ (setq gnus-summary-line-format 
+       ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  resulting in:
!  
! 
! @smallexample
! :O     Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el          |  13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:06
! :O     Re: Revival of the ding-patches list       |  13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:12
! :R  >  Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro|  25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:16
! :O  \->  ...                                      |  21 |Kai Grossjohann      
| 0:01
! :R  >  Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf|  28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:34
! :O  \->  ...                                      | 115 |Raymond Scholz       
| 1:24
! :O    \->  ...                                    |  19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|15:33
! :O     Slow mailing list                          |  13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:49
! :O     Re: `@@' mark not documented                |  13 |Lars Magne 
Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
! :R  >  Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope|  23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
|Sat 23:57
! :O  \->  ...                                      |  18 |Kai Grossjohann      
| 0:35
! :O    \->  ...                                    |  13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt 
| 0:56
! @end smallexample
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.15],  , [4.14], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.15: 
! 
!  How to split incoming mails in several groups?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
!  nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
!  Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
!  the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
!  
! 
!  The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
!  is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
!  the form "group where matching articles should go to",
!  "regular expression which has to be matched", the first
!  rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
!  general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
!  articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
!  the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
!  as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
!  send to all groups whose rules match. If you 
!  don't want that (you probably don't want), say
!  
! 
! @example
! (setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus.
!  
! 
!  An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
!  my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
!  special group and that the default group is spam, since I
!  filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
!  subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
!  before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
!  reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
!  from using them):
!  
  
  @example
! (setq nnmail-split-methods
!   '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
!     ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.bla.*")
!     ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*")
!     ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*")
!     ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
!     ("Hamster-src"
!      "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
!     ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
!     ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
!     ("EK"
!      
"^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*")
!     ("Spam"
!      "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
!     ("Spam"
!      "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
!     ("Spam"
!      "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
!     ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
!     ("Spam"
!      "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
!     ("Spam"
!      
"^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
!     ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$")
!     ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
!     ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla")
!     ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
!     ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
!     ("Inbox"
!      "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)")
!     ("Spam" "")))
  @end example
+  
  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 4 - Reading 
messages, Frequently Asked Questions
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsection Composing messages
  
! @menu
! * [5.1]::   What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and
!             postings? 
! * [5.2]::   How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? 
! * [5.3]::   How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? 
! * [5.4]::   Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the
!             group I post too? 
! * [5.5]::   Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? 
! * [5.6]::   Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? 
! * [5.7]::   Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all
!             those email addresses? 
! * [5.8]::   Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer.
!             What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too? 
! * [5.9]::   Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups.
!             Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups? 
! * [5.10]::  How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? 
! * [5.11]::  I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news,
!             how to do it? 
! * [5.12]::  People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct,
!             why aren't they and how to fix it? 
! @end menu
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.1], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.1: 
! 
!  What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
!  either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
!  either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
!  filling the Newsgroups header manually
!  or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
!  group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
!  is
!  @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
!  author, or import the cited text manually and
!  @samp{R} to cite the text of the original
!  message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
!  @samp{f} and @samp{F}
!  (analog to @samp{r} and
!  @samp{R}.
!  
! 
!  Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
!  this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
!  hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
!  if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
!  C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
!  can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
!  e}.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.2], [5.3], [5.1], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.2: 
  
!  How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
!  
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Say
!  
  
! @example
! (add-hook 'message-mode-hook
!       (lambda ()
!            (setq fill-column 72)
!            (turn-on-auto-fill)))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting
!  @samp{M-q} (as usual)
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.3], [5.4], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.3: 
! 
!  How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
!  for this. (See below why).
!  This example should make the syntax clear:
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-posting-styles
!   '((".*"
!      (name "Frank Schmitt")
!      (address "me@@there.bla")
!      (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
!      (signature-file "~/.signature")
!      ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
!      (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
! @end example
! 
! @noindent
!  The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
!  (see below), valid values for the first element of the
!  following lists are signature, signature-file,
!  organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
!  can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
!  a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
!  headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header
!  name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
!  then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
!  and the result will be thrown away.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.4], [5.5], [5.3], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.4: 
! 
!  Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post 
too?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
!  to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
!  like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
!  to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
!  ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
!  send to groups containing the string binaries in their
!  name etc.
!  
! 
!  You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
!  which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
!  corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
!  candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
!  the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
!  message-mail-p.
!  
! 
!  Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
!  the example below, when I post to
!  gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
!  ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
!  those under "^gmane" and those under
!  "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
!  of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
!  at the bottom.
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-posting-styles
!   '((".*"  ;;default
!      (name "Frank Schmitt")
!      (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
!      (signature-file "~/.signature"))
!     ((message-news-p)  ;;Usenet news?
!      (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
!      ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla"))
!     ((message-mail-p)  ;;mail?
!      (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla"))
!     ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
!      (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net")
!      ("Reply-To" nil))
!     ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
!      (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))
!      (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))))
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.5], [5.6], [5.4], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.5: 
  
+  Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
+  
  
+ Answer: 
+ 
+ You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first
+ thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
+ @itemize @bullet
+ @item
+ @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html,ispell}
+ or 
  @item
! @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/,aspell} 
! @end itemize
! @noindent
! installed and in your Path.
  
! Then you need
! @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html,ispell.el,ispell.el}
! and for on-the-fly spell-checking
! 
@uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,flyspell.el,flyspell.el}.
! Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available through the Emacs
! package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs
! text-modes package which is available through the package system, so
! there should be no need to install them manually.
!  
  
!  Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
!  
  
! @example
! (setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
! @end example
!  
  
! @noindent
!  in your Emacs configuration file.
!  
  
!  If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
!  
  
+ @example
+ (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
!  
  
! @example
! (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.6], [5.7], [5.5], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.6: 
  
!  Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
!  
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Yes, say something like
!  
  
! @example
! (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
!           (lambda ()
!             (cond
!              ((string-match
!                "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
!               (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
!              (t
!               (ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
! @end example
!  
  
+ @noindent
+  in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
+  that suits your needs.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [5.7], [5.8], [5.6], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 5.7:
+ 
+  Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
+  all those email addresses?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
+  You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
+  alias syntax:
+  
  
! @example
! alias al      "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>"
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
!  character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
!  cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
!  node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
!  details.
!  
! 
!  However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother 
!  Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
!  @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/,bbdb's homepage}.
!  Now place the following in ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
!  
  
! @example
! (require 'bbdb)
! (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
! @end example
  
+ @noindent
+  Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
+  place them in ~/.emacs:
+  
  
! @example
! (require 'bbdb)
! ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the 
! ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
! (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
! ;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
! (setq bbdb-user-mail-names
!       (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.bla"
!                     "Your.other@@mail.there.bla")))
! ;;cycling while completing email addresses
! (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
! ;;No popup-buffers
! (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
!  RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
!  entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
!  entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
!  @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
!  entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
!  also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and
!  you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
!  hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
!  recipients.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.8], [5.9], [5.7], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.8: 
! 
!  Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
!  buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
!  postings, too?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
!  pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
!  one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
!  X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
!  Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
!  relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
!  48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
!  package from 
!  @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/,this site}.
!  and create the actual X-face by saying
!  
  
+ @example
+ cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face
+ cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
! If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter address@hidden
! @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}.  If you use MS Windows, you
! could also use the WinFace program from
! @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
  
! Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings
! by saying
  
+ @example
+ (setq message-default-headers
+         (with-temp-buffer
+           (insert "X-Face: ")
+           (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
+           (buffer-string)))
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.9], [5.10], [5.8], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.9: 
! 
!  Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
!  newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
!  newsgroups?
!  
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Put this in ~/.gnus:
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  if you already use Gnus 5.10.0, if you still use 5.8.8 or
!  5.9 try this instead:
!  
  
! @example
! (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
!        (interactive)
!         (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
!                   (y-or-n-p "Really reply? "))
!          ad-do-it))
! @end example
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.10], [5.11], [5.9], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.10: 
! 
!  How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Since 5.10.0 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
!  default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus:
!  
  
! @example
! (eval-after-load "message"
!       '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
! @end example
!  
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.11], [5.12], [5.10], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.11: 
! 
!  I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
!  news, how to do it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
!  this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
!  group where the copies shall go or like in the example
!  below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
!  the group to use.
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-message-archive-group
!       '((if (message-news-p)
!             "nnml:Send-News"
!           "nnml:Send-Mail")))
! @end example
!  
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.12],  , [5.11], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.12: 
! 
!  People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
!  aren't they and how to fix it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you
!  send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
!  name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
!  where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
!  at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
!  by saying
! @example
! (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld")
! @end example
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus.  If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this
! instead:
! @example
! (eval-after-load "message"
!   '(let (myfqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld");; <-- Edit this!
!      (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn)
!          (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn)
!        (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.")
!        (defun message-make-fqdn ()
!          "Return user's fully qualified domain name."
!          fqdn))))
! @end example
  
!  If you have no idea what to insert for
!  "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
!  choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
!  you to use something like
!  yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
!  somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
!  yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
!  gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g. 
!  @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}.
!  (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an
!  English one offering the same, drop me a note).
!  
! 
!  Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
!  for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
!  
  
! @example
! (setq message-required-news-headers
!   (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
!  
  
! @example
! (setq message-required-mail-headers
!   (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  , however some mail servers don't generate proper
!  Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
!  correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 5 - 
Composing messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Old messages
  
! @menu
! * [6.1]::   How to import my old mail into Gnus? 
! * [6.2]::   How to archive interesting messages? 
! * [6.3]::   How to search for a specific message? 
! * [6.4]::   How to get rid of old unwanted mail? 
! * [6.5]::   I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
!             groups). How to do it? 
! * [6.6]::   I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
!             to another group. 
! @end menu
  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.1], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.1: 
+ 
+  How to import my old mail into Gnus?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
+  export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
+  are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
+  world, you may find tools at
+  @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
+  
+ 
+  Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
+  this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
+  saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
+  Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
+  mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
+  Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
+  just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
+  (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
+  messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
+  either copy them to the desired group by saying
+  @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
+  through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
+  @samp{B r}.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.2], [6.3], [6.1], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.2: 
+ 
+  How to archive interesting messages?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
+  gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
+  solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
+  by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
+  it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
+  the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
+  snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
+  ~/.gnus:
+  
  
! @example
! (defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
!   "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.
! `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
! to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
! 
! Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
! more then one article."
!   (interactive "P")
!   (let ((archive-name
!          (format
!           "nnml:1.%s"
!           (if (featurep 'xemacs)
!               (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
!             (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
!     (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
! @end example
  
! @noindent
!  You can now say @samp{M-x
!  my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
!  archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
!  group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
!  
! 
!  Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-use-cache t)
! @end example
  
+ @noindent
+  then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
+  mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
+  mark will remove them from cache.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.3], [6.4], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.3: 
+ 
+  How to search for a specific message?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
+  a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
+  @uref{http://groups.google.com,groups.google.com},
+  if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
+  the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
+  @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
+  summary buffer.
+  Since Gnus 5.10.0 there's also a Gnus interface for
+  groups.google.com which you can call with
+  @samp{G W}) in group buffer.
+  
+ 
+  Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
+  is to enter the group where the message you are
+  searching is and use the standard Emacs search
+  @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
+  articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
+  search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
+  instead. Further on there are the
+  gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
+  too.
+  
+ 
+  Of course you can also use grep to search through your
+  local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
+  inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
+  in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end
+  to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
+  others. You index your mail with one of those search
+  engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough
+  the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
+  messages which met your search criteria. If this sound
+  cool to you get nnir.el from
+  @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/}
+  or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}.
+  Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.4], [6.5], [6.3], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.4: 
+ 
+  How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
+  anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
+  over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
+  to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
+  actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
+  saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
+  you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
+  way in Gnus.
+  
+ 
+  In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
+  server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
+  expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
+  anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
+  over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
+  group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
+  expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
+  older than a week) they are deleted. 
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.5], [6.6], [6.4], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.5: 
+ 
+  I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
+  some groups). How to do it?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in
+  mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
+  got two choices: auto-expire and
+  total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
+  which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
+  marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
+  for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
+  follows a slightly different approach, here all article
+  where the read mark is set are expirable.
+  
+ 
+  To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
+  Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
+  c} in summary buffer with point over the
+  group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
+  total-expire to the group-parameters.
+  
+ 
+  Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
+  Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
+  Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
+  you should use total-expire.
+  
+ 
+  If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
+  a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
+  tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
+  @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
+  can also set the read mark (hit
+  @samp{d}).
+  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [6.6],  , [6.5], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 6.6: 
+ 
+  I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
+  to another group.
+  
  
! Answer: 
  
!  Say something like this in ~/.gnus:
!  
  
+ @example
+ (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
+ @end example
  
! @noindent
!  (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
!  on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
!  threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other
!  variables specific for some groups?")
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 6 - 
Old messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment
  
! @menu
! * [7.1]::   I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
!             minimize the time I've got to be connected? 
! * [7.2]::   So what was this thing about the Agent? 
! * [7.3]::   I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? 
! * [7.4]::   How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while
!             I'm offline? 
! @end menu
  
  
+ @ifnottex
+ @node [7.1], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a 
dial-up environment
+ @end ifnottex
+ @subsubheading Question 7.1: 
+ 
+  I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
+  I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
+  
+ 
+ Answer: 
+ 
+  You've got basically two options: Either you use the
+  Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
+  programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
+  disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
+  machine.
+  
+ 
+  If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
+  program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
+  program which does the same for mail and a program which
+  receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
+  when you're online.
+  
+ 
+ Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, the easiest
+ solution is a small nntp server like
+ @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/,Leafnode} or
+ @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/,sn}, of course you can also
+ install a full featured news server like
+ @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/,inn}.
+ 
+ Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices are
+ @itemize @bullet
  @item
! @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/,fetchmail} and
! @item
! @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/,getmail}.
! @end itemize
! You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and Gnus to read
! it from there. Last but not least the mail sending part: This can be
! done with every MTA like @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/,sendmail},
! @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,postfix}, @uref{http://www.exim.org/,exim}
! or @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,qmail}.
!  
! 
!  On windows boxes I'd vote for 
!  @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/,Hamster}, 
!  it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
!  your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
!  to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
!  respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp
!  server for receiving mails from Gnus.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.2], [7.3], [7.1], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.2: 
! 
!  So what was this thing about the Agent?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
!  mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
!  later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
!  newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use
!  the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus if you are
!  still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10.0):
!  
  
! @example
! (setq gnus-agent t)
! @end example
!  
  
!  Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
!  stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
!  (that is press @samp{^} while in the
!  group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
!  the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
!  server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
!  make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
!  action by typing @samp{J r}. When
!  you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
!  Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
!  server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
!  there the next time you enter the group.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.3], [7.4], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.3: 
! 
!  I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
!  of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
!  done in a special buffer which can be reached by
!  saying @samp{J c} in group
!  buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
!  information which predicates are possible and how
!  exactly to do it. 
!  
! 
!  Further on you can tell the agent manually which
!  articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
!  this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
!  set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
!  saying @samp{#} with point over the
!  article and then type @samp{J s}. The
!  other possibility is to set, again in the summary
!  buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
!  want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
!  the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
!  What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
!  soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
!  marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
!  marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
!  the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
!  only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
!  the headers for every selected group on an agentized
!  server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
!  fetch session could take hours.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.4],  , [7.3], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.4: 
! 
!  How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
!  while I'm offline?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
!  (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
!  works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
!  state by saying @samp{J j} in group
!  buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
!  gnus-unplugged} instead of
!  @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
!  work, the agent must be active.
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up 
environment, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Getting help
  
+ @menu
+ * [8.1]::   How to find information and help inside Emacs? 
+ * [8.2]::   I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
+             (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? 
+ * [8.3]::   Which websites should I know? 
+ * [8.4]::   Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? 
+ * [8.5]::   Where to report bugs? 
+ * [8.6]::   I need real-time help, where to find it? 
+ @end menu
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.1], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.1: 
! 
!  How to find information and help inside Emacs?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
!  @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
!  Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
!  full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
!  there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
!  C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
!  of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
!  @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
!  search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
!  apropos} searches the bound variables.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.2], [8.3], [8.1], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.2: 
! 
!  I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
!  (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals
!  for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages
!  are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't
!  really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in
!  different info files, you should have a look in those
!  manuals, too.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.3], [8.4], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.3: 
! 
!  Which websites should I know?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The two most important ones are the
!  @uref{http://www.gnus.org,official Gnus website}.
!  and it's sister site 
!  @uref{http://my.gnus.org,my.gnus.org (MGO)},
!  hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
!  really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
!  
! 
!  Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.4], [8.5], [8.3], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.4: 
! 
!  Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from
!  e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions
!  and the ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with
!  development of Gnus. You can read the ding list via
!  NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from news.gnus.org.
!  
! 
!  If you want to stay in the big8,
!  news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus
!  users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
!  the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
!  de.comm.software.gnus.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.5], [8.6], [8.4], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.5: 
! 
!  Where to report bugs?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
! Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start a message to the
! @email{bugs@@gnus.org,gnus bug mailing list} including information
! about your environment which make it easier to help you.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.6],  , [8.5], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.6: 
! 
!  I need real-time help, where to find it?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel
!  #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German,
!  they are willing and capable of switching to
!  English when people from outside Germany enter.
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ - Glossary, FAQ 8 - Getting help, Frequently 
Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Tuning Gnus
  
! @menu
! * [9.1]::   Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? 
! * [9.2]::   How to speed up the process of entering a group? 
! * [9.3]::   Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? 
! @end menu
  
! @ifnottex
! @node [9.1], [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 9.1: 
! 
!  Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's
!  active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
!  manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
!  An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus (say
!  @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus
!  RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
!  statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
!  eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
!  time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
!  ~/.gnus:
!  
  
  @example
! (require 'message)
! (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
  @end example
  
! @noindent
!  then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
!  you replace it with
!  
! 
! @example
! (eval-after-load "message"
!       '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
! @end example
! 
! @noindent
!  it's loaded when it's needed.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [9.2], [9.3], [9.1], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 9.2: 
! 
!  How to speed up the process of entering a group?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  A speed killer is setting the variable
!  gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil,
!  so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
!  building of summary say
!  
! 
! @example
! (gnus-compile)
! @end example
! 
! @noindent
!  at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus
!  byte-compile things like
!  gnus-summary-line-format. 
!  then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
!  by saying something like
!  
! 
! @example
! (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
! @end example
! 
! @noindent
!  in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
!  characters or use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger together with a
!  recent GNU Emacs, you should say
!  
! 
! @example
! (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) 
! @end example
!  
! 
! @noindent
!  in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
!  two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
!  or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
!  buffer generation, you definitely should update to
!  5.10.0 since there quite some work on improving it has
!  been done.
!  
! @ifnottex
! @node [9.3],  , [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 9.3: 
! 
!  Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
!  
! 
! Answer: 
! 
!  The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
!  messages you wrote by setting
!  gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
!  instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
!  to normal speed.
!  
! 
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ - Glossary,  , FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Glossary
! 
! @table @dfn
! 
! @item ~/.gnus
!  When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus
!  configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or
!  specify another name.
!  
! 
! @item Back End
!  In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
!  between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
!  whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
!  to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
!  
! 
! @item Emacs
!  When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
!  Emacs or XEmacs.
!  
! 
! @item Message
!  In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
!  Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
!  of which kind it is.
!  
! 
! @item MUA
!  MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
!  use to read and write e-mails.
!  
! 
! @item NUA
!  NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
!  use to read and write Usenet news.
!  
! @end table
  
+ @c @bye
  
  @ignore
     arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8




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