It seems like some ideas are getting mixed up in your description. A cite link in org-ref is related to a bibtex entry in a bibtex file, not to an org heading in an org-file. In other words in your example, I would expecta bibtex entry with the key bradley1973es to exist in one of the default bibliography files you use (or in the one you define in a bibliography link). The notes are just for your purposes.
the headings/links in your notes file will not show up in any completion backend in org-ref for citation selection, as only the bibtex entries are used to construct those.
If you are looking for a way to select one of those headings from your notes, and then insert the appropriate link, you would have to use something different than org-ref. there is not presently a way to map an annotated cite link to the specific note. I am not even sure you can write a function that does that, as the functions only take a key for looking up the note file, and not the description too. It certainly is possible to write a new function that would work on the link at point to do that, and to call it interactively, or add it as an action though. You would still get the key to open the note file, and then use the link description if it exists to somehow search forward for the relevant heading or text, failing gracefully if you, for example, make a cite to a page you did not make a note on.
When it comes time to authoring a paper, I think the workflow is you would have to open the notes you made, find the section you want to use in your paper, and copy the link you put in your notes to your new document. There are some variations you might consider, but none of them would really be integrated into the org-ref completion mechanisms that are generated from the bibtex entries.
For example you might store the link or parts in a property like this:
* The Accelerator-Multiplier Model
:PROPERTIES:
:key: bradley1973es
:page: p200
:cite: [[cite:bradley1973es][p200]]
:END:
and then write a small function you use interactively to copy it, e.g.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun get-link ()
(interactive)
(kill-new (org-entry-get (point) "cite")))
#+END_SRC
and you might bind that to a key if you use it a lot. Alternatively you might put the key in file-level property, and only store the page, and use property inheritance, to build the link. There are a lot of options to choose from. But, simply copying and pasting a link might also be the simplest.
It might be possible to use the org-store/insert-link machinery for this too, but I have found that to be trickier than I thought it should be in the past.
John
-----------------------------------
Professor John Kitchin
Doherty Hall A207F
Department of Chemical Engineering
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
412-268-7803