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[groff] 02/02: contrib: Fix `quotes' in comments and plain text.


From: G. Branden Robinson
Subject: [groff] 02/02: contrib: Fix `quotes' in comments and plain text.
Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2017 06:22:39 -0500 (EST)

gbranden pushed a commit to branch master
in repository groff.

commit 828f8dc488beb12013e92243b87134377b7f089d
Author: G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
Date:   Fri Nov 10 06:09:09 2017 -0500

    contrib: Fix `quotes' in comments and plain text.
    
    * contrib/chem/chem.am:
    * contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am:
    * contrib/gperl/gperl.am:
    * contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am:
    * contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am:
    * contrib/groffer/groffer.am:
    * contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am:
    * contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in:
    * contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in:
    * contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u:
    * contrib/mm/Makefile.sim:
    * contrib/mm/m.tmac:
    * contrib/mm/mse.tmac:
    * contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac:
    * contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am:
      + Update and parallelize editor aid comments.
    
    * contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in:
      + Remove trailing whitespace from lines near other changes.
    
    Signed-off-by: G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
---
 contrib/chem/README.txt                            | 30 +++----
 contrib/chem/chem.am                               | 14 ++--
 contrib/chem/chem.pic                              |  6 +-
 contrib/chem/chem.pl                               | 16 ++--
 contrib/chem/examples/122/README.txt               | 38 ++++-----
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2a_ethyl.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2b_benzene.chem        |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2c_benzene_right.chem  |  6 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4a_stick.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4c_colon.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem        |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem     |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4f_C.chem              |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4g_BP.chem             |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4h_methacrylate.chem   |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4i_cyclo.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4j_ring4.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4k_ring3.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4l_vertex.chem         |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4m_double.chem         |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4n_triple.chem         |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4o_aromatic.chem       |  6 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4p_cholestanol.chem    |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4q_rings.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4r_spiro.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4s_heteroatoms.chem    |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4t_polycyclic.chem     |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4u_nicotine.chem       |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4v_histidine.chem      |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4w_lsd.chem            |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4x_anisole.chem        |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4y_reserpine.chem      |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z1_eqn_glutamic.chem  |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z2_text.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch5a_size.chem           |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6a_pic.chem            |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6b_dna.chem            |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAa_polymer.chem        |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem   |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAc_morphine.chem       |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAd_chlorophyll.chem    |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAe_chair.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAf_arrow.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAg_circle.chem         |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chAh_brackets.chem       |  8 +-
 .../examples/122/chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem     |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chBa_jump.chem           |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chBb_bonds.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/122/chBc_rings.chem          |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/README.txt                   | 28 +++----
 contrib/chem/examples/atp.chem                     |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/cholesterin.chem             |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/ethamivan.chem               |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/lsd.chem                     |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/morphine.chem                |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/penicillin.chem              |  8 +-
 contrib/chem/examples/reserpine.chem               |  8 +-
 contrib/gdiffmk/README                             |  8 +-
 contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am                         |  8 +-
 contrib/glilypond/README.txt                       | 18 ++--
 contrib/glilypond/args.pl                          | 62 +++++++-------
 contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff           |  2 +-
 contrib/glilypond/glilypond.am                     | 18 ++--
 contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl                     | 98 +++++++++++-----------
 contrib/glilypond/subs.pl                          | 22 ++---
 contrib/gperl/gperl.am                             | 14 ++--
 contrib/gperl/gperl.pl                             | 26 +++---
 contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am                         | 14 ++--
 contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl                         | 16 ++--
 contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl                            | 10 +--
 contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am         | 14 ++--
 contrib/groffer/README                             | 54 ++++++------
 contrib/groffer/README_PERL                        | 16 ++--
 contrib/groffer/groffer.am                         | 14 ++--
 contrib/groffer/groffer.pl                         | 10 +--
 contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl                       | 28 +++----
 contrib/groffer/man.pl                             | 22 ++---
 contrib/groffer/roff2.pl                           |  6 +-
 contrib/groffer/split_env.sh                       |  6 +-
 contrib/groffer/subs.pl                            | 10 +--
 contrib/groffer/version.sh                         |  6 +-
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff                 | 34 ++++----
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in                  | 23 +++--
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in                  | 15 +++-
 contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u                        | 38 +++++----
 contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am                             | 10 ++-
 contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u                         | 21 +++--
 contrib/mm/Makefile.sim                            |  4 +-
 contrib/mm/examples/README                         |  2 +-
 contrib/mm/m.tmac                                  | 12 ++-
 contrib/mm/mse.tmac                                | 13 ++-
 contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac                           | 14 +++-
 contrib/mom/BUGS                                   |  2 +-
 contrib/mom/om.tmac-u                              |  6 +-
 contrib/pdfmark/TODO                               | 12 +--
 contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am                         |  6 +-
 contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.ms                         |  2 +-
 contrib/pdfmark/pdfroff.sh                         |  6 +-
 99 files changed, 676 insertions(+), 590 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/chem/README.txt b/contrib/chem/README.txt
index ef550f5..b364fd7 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/README.txt
+++ b/contrib/chem/README.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-`chem' is a `roff' language to generate chemical structure diagrams.
address@hidden@chem' is a `groff' preprocessor that produces output suitable for
-the address@hidden@pic' preprocessor.
+'chem' is a 'roff' language to generate chemical structure diagrams.
+'@address@hidden' is a 'groff' preprocessor that produces output suitable for
+the '@address@hidden' preprocessor.
 
-The original version of `chem' is an `awk' script written by Brian
+The original version of 'chem' is an 'awk' script written by Brian
 Kernighan <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/index.html>.  The
-source files of the `awk' version of `chem' are available at
+source files of the 'awk' version of 'chem' are available at
 <http://cm.bell-labs.com/netlib/typesetting/chem.gz>.
 
-This project is a rewrite of `chem' in Perl for the GNU `roff' project
-`groff'.  It was written under Perl v5.8.8, but at least Perl v5.6 is
-needed to run the Perl version of `chem'.
+This project is a rewrite of 'chem' in Perl for the GNU 'roff' project
+'groff'.  It was written under Perl v5.8.8, but at least Perl v5.6 is
+needed to run the Perl version of 'chem'.
 
-In comparison to the original `awk' version of `chem', the Perl
+In comparison to the original 'awk' version of 'chem', the Perl
 version does the following changements:
 - the options -h, --help, -v, --version to output usage and version
 information are added.
-- remove some functions `inline', `shiftfields', and `set' and some
+- remove some functions 'inline', 'shiftfields', and 'set' and some
 variables that are used only once.
 
-The subdirectory `examples/' contains example files for chem.  They
-are written in the `chem' language.  The file names end with .chem.
+The subdirectory 'examples/' contains example files for chem.  They
+are written in the 'chem' language.  The file names end with .chem.
 
 
 ####### License
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ are written in the `chem' language.  The file names end 
with .chem.
 Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-`groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) vbersion 2 as
 published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-`groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/chem.am b/contrib/chem/chem.am
index b6f6651..4966294 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/chem.am
+++ b/contrib/chem/chem.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `chem'
+# Automake rules for 'chem'
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/chem/chem.am
 
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
 #
 # Last update: 22 Aug 2015
 #
-# This file is part of `chem' which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem' which is part of 'groff'.
 #
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 #
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -124,7 +124,11 @@ dist_chem:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/chem/chem.pic b/contrib/chem/chem.pic
index 4ba066f..5214cc2 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/chem.pic
+++ b/contrib/chem/chem.pic
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 # Written by Brian Kernighan <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk>,
 # modified by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/chem.pl b/contrib/chem/chem.pl
index 1fa55ed..883907b 100755
--- a/contrib/chem/chem.pl
+++ b/contrib/chem/chem.pl
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 my $Copyright = 'Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.';
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ my $File_pic_tmac;
 
 BEGIN {
   {
-    my $before_make;           # script before run of `make'
+    my $before_make;           # script before run of 'make'
     {
       my $at = '@';
       $before_make = 1 if '@VERSION@' eq "${at}VERSION${at}";
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ my $Line = '';
       return 1;
     }
     if ($line =~ /^[\.']\s*cstart\s*$/) {
-      # line: `.cstart'
+      # line: '.cstart'
       if ($is_chem) {
        &error("additional '.cstart'; chem is already active.");
        return 1;
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ my $Line = '';
     }
 ### main_line()
     if ($line =~ /^\s*begin\s+chem\s*$/) {
-      # line: `begin chem'
+      # line: 'begin chem'
       if ($is_pic) {
        if ($is_chem) {
          &error("additional 'begin chem'; chem is already active.");
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ my $Line = '';
       return 1;
     }
     if ($line =~ /^[\.']\s*cend\s*/) {
-      # line `.cend'
+      # line '.cend'
       if ($is_chem) {
        &error("you end chem with '.cend', but started it with 'begin chem'.")
          if $is_chem eq 'begin chem';
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ my $Line = '';
       return 1;
     }
     if ($line =~ /^\s*end\s*$/) {
-      # line: `end'
+      # line: 'end'
       if ($is_chem) {
        &error("you end chem with 'end', but started it with '.cstart'.")
          if $is_chem eq '.cstart';
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/README.txt 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/README.txt
index 8a5b007..5f02c08 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/README.txt
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/README.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This directory contains the examples for the `chem' language written
+This directory contains the examples for the 'chem' language written
 in the book:
 
     Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
@@ -8,38 +8,38 @@ in the book:
 The book is available in the internet at
 <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr/122.ps.gz>.
 
-Many of the examples had to be fixed.  Unfortunately, the `chem' akw
+Many of the examples had to be fixed.  Unfortunately, the 'chem' akw
 version does not run on many of these programs.  But the Perl version
-of `chem' works on all examples.
+of 'chem' works on all examples.
 
 Most examples do not use the modern chemical display.  They have C
 atoms added, whereas the modern method omits all C atoms and their
 directly appended H atoms.
 
 The examples are named and sorted by the chapter where they are found
-in the book.  For example, the file `ch4c_colon.chem' means a `chem'
-example in chapter 4; according to `c', it is the third example in
-this chapter; the name `colon' is used to describe the context of the
+in the book.  For example, the file 'ch4c_colon.chem' means a 'chem'
+example in chapter 4; according to 'c', it is the third example in
+this chapter; the name 'colon' is used to describe the context of the
 example.
 
 You can view the graphical display of the examples by calling
 
     groffer <file>
 
-`groffer' calls `chem' automatically.
+'groffer' calls 'chem' automatically.
 
 If you want to transform example files to a different format use the
-`roff2*' programs:
+'roff2*' programs:
 
-`roff2dvi' prints dvi format to standard output,
-`roff2html' generates html output,
-`roff2pdf' outputs pdf mode,
-`roff2ps' produces PostScript output,
-`roff2text' generates text output in the groff device `latin1',
-`roff2x' prints the output  in  the  groff  device  X  that  is
-         suitable  for programs  like `gxditview' or `xditview'.
+'roff2dvi' prints dvi format to standard output,
+'roff2html' generates html output,
+'roff2pdf' outputs pdf mode,
+'roff2ps' produces PostScript output,
+'roff2text' generates text output in the groff device 'latin1',
+'roff2x' prints the output  in  the  groff  device  X  that  is
+         suitable  for programs  like 'gxditview' or 'xditview'.
 
-To get a suitable `groff' output run
+To get a suitable 'groff' output run
 
     @address@hidden <file> | groff -p ...
 
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ To get a suitable `groff' output run
 Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-`groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-`groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2a_ethyl.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2a_ethyl.chem
index 2cf5249..3f28f5e 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2a_ethyl.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2a_ethyl.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch2a_ethyl.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch2a_ethyl.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2b_benzene.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2b_benzene.chem
index 9f2b1d8..efe47eb 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2b_benzene.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2b_benzene.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch2b_benzene.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch2b_benzene.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2c_benzene_right.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2c_benzene_right.chem
index bedb16c..462b0ec 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2c_benzene_right.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch2c_benzene_right.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch2c_benzene_right.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ ch2c_benzene_right.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4a_stick.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4a_stick.chem
index ba793b5..d7a47bc 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4a_stick.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4a_stick.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4a_stick.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4a_stick.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem
index 9a1e2e9..e6f55ae 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4b_methyl_acetate.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4c_colon.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4c_colon.chem
index e3b558f..4a14c78 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4c_colon.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4c_colon.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4c_colon.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4c_colon.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem
index 0d1c0d1..bfaae9e 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4d_HCl.H2O.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem
index 3b45274..a6eb265 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4e_CaSO4.2H2O.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4f_C.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4f_C.chem
index 688ea7a..bafa9e7 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4f_C.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4f_C.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4f_C.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4f_C.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4g_BP.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4g_BP.chem
index d6754f8..421e44f 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4g_BP.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4g_BP.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4g_BP.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4g_BP.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4h_methacrylate.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4h_methacrylate.chem
index c8715cb..50a42cf 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4h_methacrylate.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4h_methacrylate.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4h_methacrylate.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4h_methacrylate.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4i_cyclo.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4i_cyclo.chem
index 644e5e7..f654996 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4i_cyclo.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4i_cyclo.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4i_cyclo.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4i_cyclo.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4j_ring4.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4j_ring4.chem
index 674024e..dbb0db8 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4j_ring4.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4j_ring4.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4j_ring4.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4j_ring4.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4k_ring3.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4k_ring3.chem
index e360abb..89d2186 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4k_ring3.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4k_ring3.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4k_ring3.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4k_ring3.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4l_vertex.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4l_vertex.chem
index e07beba..1f71a99 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4l_vertex.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4l_vertex.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4l_vertex.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4l_vertex.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4m_double.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4m_double.chem
index 16ed92a..a66532c 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4m_double.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4m_double.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4m_double.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4m_double.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4n_triple.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4n_triple.chem
index 78db2fc..649825b 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4n_triple.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4n_triple.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4n_triple.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4n_triple.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4o_aromatic.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4o_aromatic.chem
index 5c10c57..2079534 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4o_aromatic.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4o_aromatic.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4o_aromatic.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ ch4o_aromatic.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4p_cholestanol.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4p_cholestanol.chem
index 6d48c0e..a9146c9 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4p_cholestanol.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4p_cholestanol.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4p_cholestanol.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4p_cholestanol.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4q_rings.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4q_rings.chem
index c135c5e..84066d5 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4q_rings.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4q_rings.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4q_rings.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4q_rings.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4r_spiro.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4r_spiro.chem
index ebffb08..a7aa107 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4r_spiro.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4r_spiro.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4r_spiro.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4r_spiro.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4s_heteroatoms.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4s_heteroatoms.chem
index 060b606..d252b0b 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4s_heteroatoms.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4s_heteroatoms.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4s_heteroatoms.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4s_heteroatoms.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4t_polycyclic.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4t_polycyclic.chem
index 66bc730..ee1a2c0 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4t_polycyclic.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4t_polycyclic.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4t_polycyclic.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4t_polycyclic.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4u_nicotine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4u_nicotine.chem
index de6f663..1e03c36 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4u_nicotine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4u_nicotine.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4u_nicotine.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4u_nicotine.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4v_histidine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4v_histidine.chem
index 5b33bac..0b266cd 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4v_histidine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4v_histidine.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4v_histidine.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4v_histidine.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4w_lsd.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4w_lsd.chem
index 1267ea2..33b04b0 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4w_lsd.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4w_lsd.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4w_lsd.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4w_lsd.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4x_anisole.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4x_anisole.chem
index a182897..12b14ec 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4x_anisole.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4x_anisole.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4x_anisole.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4x_anisole.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4y_reserpine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4y_reserpine.chem
index 275961b..890d49c 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4y_reserpine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4y_reserpine.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4y_reserpine.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ ch4y_reserpine.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z1_eqn_glutamic.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z1_eqn_glutamic.chem
index 3d2b1f0..215386b 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z1_eqn_glutamic.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z1_eqn_glutamic.chem
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ delim $$
 .EN
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ delim $$
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z2_text.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z2_text.chem
index 4ebd81a..56835b9 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z2_text.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch4z2_text.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch4z2_text.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch4z2_text.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch5a_size.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch5a_size.chem
index d411d80..7102673 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch5a_size.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch5a_size.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch5a_size.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch5a_size.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6a_pic.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6a_pic.chem
index a2e9d65..e97ab32 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6a_pic.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6a_pic.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch6a_pic.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch6a_pic.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6b_dna.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6b_dna.chem
index 1ed7bd3..b661e14 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6b_dna.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/ch6b_dna.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ch6b_dna.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ch6b_dna.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAa_polymer.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAa_polymer.chem
index bf6ad1e..c0b8d81 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAa_polymer.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAa_polymer.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAa_polymer.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAa_polymer.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem
index aa6338f..7efce8f 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAb_vinyl_chloro.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAc_morphine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAc_morphine.chem
index 9c0ea8e..3e969b4 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAc_morphine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAc_morphine.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAc_morphine.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAc_morphine.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAd_chlorophyll.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAd_chlorophyll.chem
index 205f41a..6fd2081 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAd_chlorophyll.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAd_chlorophyll.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAd_chlorophyll.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAd_chlorophyll.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAe_chair.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAe_chair.chem
index 4ef535b..e02bb0a 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAe_chair.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAe_chair.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAe_chair.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAe_chair.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAf_arrow.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAf_arrow.chem
index 8b65adb..1cd6103 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAf_arrow.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAf_arrow.chem
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ delim $$
 .EN
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ delim $$
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAg_circle.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAg_circle.chem
index 6592242..12fd9d0 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAg_circle.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAg_circle.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chAg_circle.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chAg_circle.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAh_brackets.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAh_brackets.chem
index 9e47169..63b1738 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAh_brackets.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAh_brackets.chem
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ delim $$
 .EN
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ delim $$
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem
index f53d9d8..24affae 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem:
 .ps -2
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ chAi_poly_vinyl_chloride.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBa_jump.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBa_jump.chem
index 3242598..742eb2c 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBa_jump.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBa_jump.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chBa_jump.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chBa_jump.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBb_bonds.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBb_bonds.chem
index 3fcba6b..7cae061 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBb_bonds.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBb_bonds.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chBb_bonds.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chBb_bonds.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBc_rings.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBc_rings.chem
index 152b0bf..7d07fb0 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBc_rings.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/122/chBc_rings.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ chBc_rings.chem:
 .br
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 
 # This originates from Computing Science Technical Report No. 122
 #   CHEM - A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams: User Manual
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ chBc_rings.chem:
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/README.txt b/contrib/chem/examples/README.txt
index cd5a3ad..634d7f5 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/README.txt
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/README.txt
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-This directory contains examples for the `chem' language.
+This directory contains examples for the 'chem' language.
 
 You can view the graphical display of the examples by calling
 
     groffer <file>
 
-`groffer' calls `chem' automatically.
+'groffer' calls 'chem' automatically.
 
 If you want to transform example files to a different format use the
-`roff2*' programs:
+'roff2*' programs:
 
-`roff2dvi' prints dvi format to standard output,
-`roff2html' generates html output,
-`roff2pdf' outputs pdf mode,
-`roff2ps' produces PostScript output,
-`roff2text' generates text output in the groff device `latin1',
-`roff2x' prints the output  in  the  groff  device  X  that  is
-         suitable  for programs  like `gxditview' or `xditview'.
+'roff2dvi' prints dvi format to standard output,
+'roff2html' generates html output,
+'roff2pdf' outputs pdf mode,
+'roff2ps' produces PostScript output,
+'roff2text' generates text output in the groff device 'latin1',
+'roff2x' prints the output  in  the  groff  device  X  that  is
+         suitable  for programs  like 'gxditview' or 'xditview'.
 
-To get a suitable `groff' output run
+To get a suitable 'groff' output run
 
     @address@hidden <file> | groff -p ...
 
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ chemically.
 Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-`groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.
 
-`groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/atp.chem b/contrib/chem/examples/atp.chem
index e2a4f7a..61a03dc 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/atp.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/atp.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 atp.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #   ATP or C10_H16_N5_O13_P3 or
 #   [[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-
 #     phosphoryl]oxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxyphosphonic acid
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ atp.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/cholesterin.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/cholesterin.chem
index 253b382..db0427c 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/cholesterin.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/cholesterin.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cholesterin.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #   Cholesterin or C27_H46O or
 #   10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-
 #     dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ cholesterin.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/ethamivan.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/ethamivan.chem
index 47d9799..477075a 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/ethamivan.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/ethamivan.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ethamivan.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #   Ethamivan or Analepticon or C12_H17_N_O3 or
 #   N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzamide
 
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ ethamivan.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/lsd.chem b/contrib/chem/examples/lsd.chem
index 1ec7684..3bd60be 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/lsd.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/lsd.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 lsd.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #   LSD or Lysergic acid dethylamide or C20_H25_N3O or
 #   9,10-Didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methyl-ergoline-8-beta-carboxamide
 
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ lsd.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/morphine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/morphine.chem
index 3a55995..d1d245f 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/morphine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/morphine.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 morphine.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #    Morphine or C23_H31_N3O or
 #    N,N-diethyl-N'-(2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-pentane-1,4-diamine
 
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ morphine.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/penicillin.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/penicillin.chem
index 8f76a92..5ed7a89 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/penicillin.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/penicillin.chem
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 penicillin.chem:
 .cstart
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #    Penicillin or C16_H18_N2_O4_S or
 #    3,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-(2-phenylacetyl)amino-2-thia-5-
 #      azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carboxylic acid
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ penicillin.chem:
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/examples/reserpine.chem 
b/contrib/chem/examples/reserpine.chem
index 88d3a2e..c867a5f 100644
--- a/contrib/chem/examples/reserpine.chem
+++ b/contrib/chem/examples/reserpine.chem
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ reserpine.chem:
 .PS
 begin chem
 
-# Example file for `chem':
+# Example file for 'chem':
 #   Reserpine or C33H40N2O9
 
 # Source file position: <groff-source>/contrib/chem/example/reserpine.chem
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ begin chem
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `chem', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'chem', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/gdiffmk/README b/contrib/gdiffmk/README
index 7a6e841..c71e37b 100644
--- a/contrib/gdiffmk/README
+++ b/contrib/gdiffmk/README
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 gdiffmk is approximately a recreation of the original Bell Labs/AT&T diffmk
 command for troff/nroff documents, with enhancements.
 
-It should not be confused with `diffmk' commands that operate on XML.
+It should not be confused with 'diffmk' commands that operate on XML.
 
 The inspiration for this code was a Perl 2 version written in 1989 by Randal
 L. Schwartz.  See
   landfield.com/software/comp.sources.misc/archive-name/volume06/diffmk.p.gz
 
 The command also attempts to reproduce some of the functionality of the old
-`nrchbar' command.  See
+'nrchbar' command.  See
   
open-systems.ufl.edu/mirrors/ftp.isc.org/usenet/comp.sources.unix/volume10/nrchbar.Z
 
 Thanks to Werner Lemberg for help in making the package more portable and
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ translates the output into something groff/troff/nroff can 
handle.
 
 Note the BUGS on the man page.
 
-The `tests' directory contains simple tests.  `runtests run' runs them and
-compares the output against baseline files.  Calling `runtests' without
+The 'tests' directory contains simple tests.  'runtests run' runs them and
+compares the output against baseline files.  Calling 'runtests' without
 argument gives the usage.
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am b/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am
index a84d9a2..ca1317a 100644
--- a/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am
+++ b/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `gdiffmk' (integration into the groff source tree)
+# Automake rules for 'gdiffmk' (integration into the groff source tree)
 #
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.am
 #
@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ clean_gdiffmk_check:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/README.txt b/contrib/glilypond/README.txt
index 404e87d..7bac76d 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/README.txt
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/README.txt
@@ -6,34 +6,34 @@
     are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
     notice and this notice are preserved.
 
-    This file is part of `glilypond', which is part of `groff'.
+    This file is part of 'glilypond', which is part of 'groff'.
 
 
 ########################################################################
 
-In order to run `glilypond', your system must have installed Perl of at
-least version `v5.6'.
+In order to run 'glilypond', your system must have installed Perl of at
+least version 'v5.6'.
 
 
 ########################################################################
 
-In order to have this program installed by `make', the creation of a
+In order to have this program installed by 'make', the creation of a
 libdir (library directory) must be programmed in some system files.
 The following actions must be taken:
 
 1) <groff_src_dir>/m4/groff.m4:
-Add `AC_DEFUN([GROFF_GROFFERDIR_DEFAULT])'.
+Add 'AC_DEFUN([GROFF_GROFFERDIR_DEFAULT])'.
 
 2) <groff_src_dir>/configure.ac:
-Add `GROFF_GROFFERDIR_DEFAULT'.
+Add 'GROFF_GROFFERDIR_DEFAULT'.
 
 3) <groff_src_dir>/Makefile.in:
-Add several informations of `glilypond_dir'
+Add several informations of 'glilypond_dir'
 
-With that, the program `autoconf' can be run in order to update the
+With that, the program 'autoconf' can be run in order to update the
 configure files and Makefile's.
 
-Now `$glilypond_dir' can be used as libdir.
+Now '$glilypond_dir' can be used as libdir.
 
 
 ########################################################################
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/args.pl b/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
index be947e8..512d0db 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
@@ -3,31 +3,31 @@
 ########################################################################
 
 my $License = q*
-groff_lilypond - integrate `lilypond' into `groff' files
+groff_lilypond - integrate 'lilypond' into 'groff' files
 
-Source file position: `<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/args.pl'
-Installed position: `<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond'
+Source file position: '<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/args.pl'
+Installed position: '<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond'
 
 Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>
 
 Last update: 10 Sep 2015
 
-This file is part of `GNU groff'.
+This file is part of 'GNU groff'.
 
-  `GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the terms of the `GNU General Public License' as published by the
-`Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+  'GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the 'GNU General Public License' as published by the
+'Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
 option) any later version.
 
-  `GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  'GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the `GNU
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 'GNU
 General Public License' for more details.
 
-  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License`
-along with `groff', see the files `COPYING' and `LICENSE' in the top
-directory of the `groff' source package.  If not, see
+  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License'
+along with 'groff', see the files 'COPYING' and 'LICENSE' in the top
+directory of the 'groff' source package.  If not, see
 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *;
 
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ my $has_arg = FALSE;
 
 
 # Split short option collections and transfer these to suitable long
-# options from above.  Note that `-v' now means `--verbose' in version
-# `v1.1', earlier versions had `--version' for `-v'.
+# options from above.  Note that '-v' now means '--verbose' in version
+# 'v1.1', earlier versions had '--version' for '-v'.
 
 my %short_opts =
   (
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ $long_opts[3] =
    '--o' => '--output',
    '--p' => '--prefix',                # and --file_prefix
    '--t' => '--temp_dir',
-   '--u' => '--help',          # '--usage' is mapped to `--help'
+   '--u' => '--help',          # '--usage' is mapped to '--help'
   };
 
 $long_opts[4] =
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ my $split_short = sub {
 
   my @chars = split //, $1;    # omit leading dash
 
-     # if result is TRUE: run `next SPLIT' afterwards
+     # if result is TRUE: run 'next SPLIT' afterwards
 
    CHARS: while ( @chars ) {
        my $c = shift @chars;
@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ my $split_short = sub {
           # in this arg, the rest of characters in @chars
           push @splitted_args, join "", @chars;
           @chars = EMPTYARRAY;
-          return TRUE;         # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+          return TRUE;         # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
         }
 
         # optarg is the next argument
         $has_arg = $transopt;
-        return TRUE;           # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+        return TRUE;           # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
        }                       # end of if %opts_with_arg
      }                         # end of while CHARS
      return FALSE;             # do not do anything
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ my $split_long = sub {
                      $from_arg . '.' ) if ( defined($optarg) );
       push @splitted_args, $transopt;
       $Args->{'verbose'} = TRUE if ( $transopt eq '--verbose' );
-      return TRUE;             # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+      return TRUE;             # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
     }                          # end of if %opts_noarg
 
     # test on option with arg
@@ -265,18 +265,18 @@ my $split_long = sub {
       # test on optarg in arg
       if ( defined($optarg) ) {
        push @splitted_args, $1;
-       return TRUE; # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+       return TRUE; # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
       } # end of if optarg in arg
 
       # has optarg in next arg
       $has_arg = $transopt;
-      return TRUE; # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+      return TRUE; # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
     } # end of if %opts_with_arg
 
     # not with and without option, so is not permitted
     $stderr->print( "'" . $transopt .
                    "' is unknown long option from '" . $from_arg . "'" );
-    return TRUE; # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
+    return TRUE; # use 'next SPLIT' afterwards
   } # end of for N
   return FALSE; # do nothing
 }; # end of split_long()
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ sub run_first {
 
  SPLIT: foreach (@ARGV) {
     # Transform long and short options into some given long options.
-    # Split long opts with arg into 2 args (no `=').
+    # Split long opts with arg into 2 args (no '=').
     # Transform short option collections into given long options.
     chomp;
 
@@ -304,12 +304,12 @@ sub run_first {
       next SPLIT;
     }
 
-    if ( $_ eq '-' ) {         # file arg `-'
+    if ( $_ eq '-' ) {         # file arg '-'
       push @files, $_;
       next SPLIT;
     }
 
-    if ( $_ eq '--' ) {                # POSIX arg `--'
+    if ( $_ eq '--' ) {                # POSIX arg '--'
       push @splitted_args, $_;
       $double_minus = TRUE;
       next SPLIT;
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ sub run_first {
 # open or ignore verbose output
 #----------
 sub install_verbose {
-  if ( $Args->{'verbose'} ) { # `--verbose' was used
+  if ( $Args->{'verbose'} ) { # '--verbose' was used
     # make verbose output into $v
     my $s = $v->get(); # get content of string so far as array ref, close
 
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ sub install_verbose {
     $v->print( "Version information is printed by option '--version'." );
     $v->print( "#" x 72 );
 
-  } else { # `--verbose' was not used
+  } else { # '--verbose' was not used
     # do not be verbose, make verbose invisible
 
     $v->close(); # close and ignore the string content
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ sub install_verbose {
     # this is either into /dev/null or in an ignored string
 
   } # end if-else about verbose
-  # `$v->print' works now in any case
+  # '$v->print' works now in any case
 
   $v->print( "Verbose output was chosen." );
 
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ sub run_second {
 
   ARGS: for my $arg ( @ARGV ) {
 
-      # ignore `--', file names are handled later on
+      # ignore '--', file names are handled later on
       last ARGS if ( $arg eq '--' );
 
       if ( $has_arg ) {
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ sub run_second {
 sub handle_args {
   # handling the output of args
 
-  if ( $Args->{'output'} ) { # `--output' was set in the arguments
+  if ( $Args->{'output'} ) { # '--output' was set in the arguments
     my $out_path = &path2abs($Args->{'output'});
     die "Output file name $Args->{'output'} cannot be used."
       unless ( $out_path );
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ sub handle_args {
 
     $out = new FH_FILE( $out_path );
     $v->print( "Output goes to file '" . $out_path . "'." );
-  } else { # `--output' was not set
+  } else { # '--output' was not set
     $out = new FH_STDOUT();
   }
   # no $out is the right behavior for standard output
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff 
b/contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff
index 9227fdc..6b89f90 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 .ig
-glilypond - integrate `lilypond' parts into `groff' files
+glilypond - integrate 'lilypond' parts into 'groff' files
 
 Source file position:  <groff_source_top>/contrib/glilypond.man
 Installed position:    <prefix>/share/man/man1/glilypond.1
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.am b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.am
index 4c8bf39..2e49fca 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.am
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `glilypond'
+# Automake rules for 'glilypond'
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/lilypond/glilypond.am
 
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 22 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `glilypond' which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'glilypond' which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ glilypond_srcdir = $(top_srcdir)/contrib/glilypond
 bin_SCRIPTS += glilypond
 man1_MANS += contrib/glilypond/glilypond.1
 
-# files going to lib directory `$(glilypond_dir)'
+# files going to lib directory '$(glilypond_dir)'
 # TODO glilypond_dir is subsitued by configure.ac, check if this could be 
removed
 glilyponddir = $(glilypond_dir)
 dist_glilypond_DATA = \
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
   contrib/glilypond/examples/example.groff
 
 
-# create perl executable `glilypond', being stored into `bindir'
+# create perl executable 'glilypond', being stored into 'bindir'
 glilypond: $(glilypond_srcdir)/glilypond.pl shdeps.sed
        $(RM) $@
        sed -f "$(SH_DEPS_SED_SCRIPT)" \
@@ -66,7 +66,11 @@ uninstall-glilypond-hook:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
index 0a6eb3e..2fb7573 100755
--- a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package main;
 # debugging
 ########################################################################
 
-# See `Mastering Perl', chapter 4.
+# See 'Mastering Perl', chapter 4.
 
 # use strict;
 # use warnings;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ our $Legalese;
 {
   use constant VERSION => 'v1.3.1'; # version of glilypond
 
-### This constant `LICENSE' is the license for this file `GPL' >= 2
+### This constant 'LICENSE' is the license for this file 'GPL' >= 2
   use constant LICENSE => q*
 glilypond - integrate 'lilypond' into 'groff' files
 
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ BEGIN {
   {
     ( my $volume, my $directory, $Globals->{'prog'} ) =
       File::Spec->splitpath($0);
-    # $Globals->{'prog'} is `glilypond' when installed,
-    # `glilypond.pl' when not
+    # $Globals->{'prog'} is 'glilypond' when installed,
+    # 'glilypond.pl' when not
   }
 
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
   {
     {
-      # script before run of `make'
+      # script before run of 'make'
       my $at = '@';
       $Globals->{'before_make'} = TRUE if '@VERSION@' eq "${at}VERSION${at}";
     }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
     unshift(@INC, $glilypond_libdir);
 
-    umask 0077; # octal output: `printf "%03o", umask;'
+    umask 0077; # octal output: 'printf "%03o", umask;'
   }
 
   require 'subs.pl';
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ require 'oop_fh.pl';
 our $stdout = new FH_STDOUT();
 our $stderr = new FH_STDERR();
 
-# verbose printing, not clear wether this will be set by `--verbose',
+# verbose printing, not clear wether this will be set by '--verbose',
 # so store this now into a string, which can be gotten later on, when
 # it will become either STDERR or /dev/null
 our $v = new FH_STRING();
@@ -168,37 +168,37 @@ our $out;
 ########################################################################
 
 # command-line arguments are handled in 2 runs:
-# 1) split short option collections, `=' optargs, and transfer abbrevs
+# 1) split short option collections, '=' optargs, and transfer abbrevs
 # 2) handle the transferred options with subs
 
 our $Args =
   {
-   'eps_dir' => EMPTYSTRING, # can be overwritten by `--eps_dir'
+   'eps_dir' => EMPTYSTRING, # can be overwritten by '--eps_dir'
 
-   # `eps-func' has 2 possible values:
-   # 1) `pdf' `--pdf2eps' (default)
-   # 2) `ly' from `--ly2eps'
+   # 'eps-func' has 2 possible values:
+   # 1) 'pdf' '--pdf2eps' (default)
+   # 2) 'ly' from '--ly2eps'
    'eps_func' => 'pdf',
 
    # files names of temporary files start with this string,
-   # can be overwritten by `--prefix'
+   # can be overwritten by '--prefix'
    'prefix' => 'ly',
 
    # delete or do not delete temporary files
    'keep_all' => FALSE,
 
-   # the roff output goes normally to STDOUT, can be a file with `--output'
+   # the roff output goes normally to STDOUT, can be a file with '--output'
    'output' => EMPTYSTRING,
 
-   # temporary directory, can be overwritten by `--temp_dir',
+   # temporary directory, can be overwritten by '--temp_dir',
    # empty for default of the program
    'temp_dir' => EMPTYSTRING,
 
-   # regulates verbose output (on STDERR), overwritten by `--verbose'
+   # regulates verbose output (on STDERR), overwritten by '--verbose'
    'verbose' => FALSE,
   };
 
-{ # `Args'
+{ # 'Args'
   require 'args.pl';
   &run_first();
   &install_verbose();
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ our $Args =
   &handle_args();
 }
 
-# end `Args'
+# end 'Args'
 
 
 ########################################################################
@@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ our $Temp =
    'temp_dir' => EMPTYSTRING,
   };
 
-{ # `Temp'
+{ # 'Temp'
 
   if ( $Args->{'temp_dir'} ) {
 
     #----------
-    # temporary directory was set by `--temp_dir'
+    # temporary directory was set by '--temp_dir'
     #----------
 
     my $dir = $Args->{'temp_dir'};
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ our $Temp =
       die "The directory '$dir' cannot be used temporarily: $!";
 
 
-    # now `$dir' is a writable directory
+    # now '$dir' is a writable directory
 
     opendir( my $dh, $dir ) or
       die "Could not open temporary directory '$dir': $!";
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ our $Temp =
     $Temp->{'temp_dir'} = $dir;
 
 
-  } else { # $Args->{'temp_dir'} not given by `--temp_dir'
+  } else { # $Args->{'temp_dir'} not given by '--temp_dir'
 
     #----------
     # temporary directory was not set
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ our $Temp =
        my $tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir();
        push @tempdirs, $tmpdir if ( $tmpdir && -d $tmpdir && -w $tmpdir );
 
-       my $root_dir = File::Spec->rootdir(); # `/' in Unix
+       my $root_dir = File::Spec->rootdir(); # '/' in Unix
        my $root_tmp = File::Spec->catdir($root_dir, 'tmp');
        push @tempdirs, $root_tmp
          if ( $root_tmp ne $tmpdir && -d $root_tmp && -w $root_tmp );
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ our $Temp =
        my $home_tmp = File::Spec->catdir($home, 'tmp');
        push @tempdirs, $home_tmp if ( -d $home_tmp && -w $home_tmp );
 
-       # `/var/tmp' in Unix
+       # '/var/tmp' in Unix
        my $var_tmp = File::Spec->catdir('', 'var', 'tmp');
        push @tempdirs, $var_tmp if ( -d $var_tmp && -w $var_tmp );
       }
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ our $Temp =
 
       my @path_extension = qw( groff ); # TEMPDIR/groff/USER/lilypond/<NUMBER>
       {
-       # `$<' is UID of actual user,
-       # `getpwuid' gets user name in scalar context
+       # '$<' is UID of actual user,
+       # 'getpwuid' gets user name in scalar context
        my $user = getpwuid($<);
        push @path_extension, $user if ( $user );
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ our $Temp =
 
     TEMPS: foreach ( @tempdirs ) {
 
-       my $dir; # final directory name in `while' loop
+       my $dir; # final directory name in 'while' loop
        $dir = &path2abs($_);
        next TEMPS unless ( $dir );
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ our $Temp =
   #----------
 
   my $make_dir = FALSE;
-  if ( $Args->{'eps_dir'} ) { # set by `--eps_dir'
+  if ( $Args->{'eps_dir'} ) { # set by '--eps_dir'
     my $dir = $Args->{'eps_dir'};
 
     $dir = &path2abs($dir);
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ our $Temp =
     if ( -e $dir ) {
       goto EMPTY unless ( -w $dir );
 
-      # `$dir' is writable
+      # '$dir' is writable
       if ( -d $dir ) {
        my $upper_dir = $dir;
 
@@ -403,8 +403,8 @@ our $Temp =
        }
        $make_dir = TRUE;
        $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $dir;
-      } else { # `$dir' is not a dir, so unlink it to create it as dir
-       if ( unlink $dir ) { # could remove `$dir'
+      } else { # '$dir' is not a dir, so unlink it to create it as dir
+       if ( unlink $dir ) { # could remove '$dir'
          $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $dir;
          $make_dir = TRUE;
        } else { # could not remove
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ our $Temp =
     } # end of if -e $dir
 
 
-    if ( $make_dir ) { # make directory `$dir'
+    if ( $make_dir ) { # make directory '$dir'
       my $made = FALSE;
       $dir = &make_dir($dir) and $made = TRUE;
 
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ our $Temp =
       } else {
        $v->print( "The EPS directory '" . $dir . "' cannot be used: $!" );
       }
-    } else { # `--eps_dir' was not set, so take the temporary directory
+    } else { # '--eps_dir' was not set, so take the temporary directory
       $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $Args->{'temp_dir'};
     } # end of make dir
   }
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ our $Temp =
       "temporary directory '" . $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "'." );
   }
 
-} # end `Temp'
+} # end 'Temp'
 
 
 ########################################################################
@@ -449,24 +449,24 @@ our $Temp =
 our $Read =
   {
    'file_numbered' => EMPTYSTRING,
-   'file_ly' => EMPTYSTRING, # `$file_numbered.ly'
+   'file_ly' => EMPTYSTRING, # '$file_numbered.ly'
   };
 
 { # read files or stdin
 
   my $ly_number = 0; # number of lilypond file
 
-  # `$Args->{'prefix'}_[0-9]'
+  # '$Args->{'prefix'}_[0-9]'
 
   my $lilypond_mode = FALSE;
 
-  my $arg1; # first argument for `.lilypond'
-  my $arg2; # argument for `.lilypond include'
+  my $arg1; # first argument for '.lilypond'
+  my $arg2; # argument for '.lilypond include'
 
   my $path_ly; # path of ly-file
 
 
-  my $check_file = sub { # for argument of `.lilypond include'
+  my $check_file = sub { # for argument of '.lilypond include'
     my $file = shift; # argument is a file name
     $file = &path2abs($file);
     unless ( $file ) {
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ our $Read =
      'pdf' => \&create_pdf2eps, # lilypond creates PDF file
     );
 
-  # about lines starting with `.lilypond'
+  # about lines starting with '.lilypond'
 
   my $ly;
   my $fh_include_file;
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ our $Read =
      },
 
 
-     'include' => sub { # `.lilypond include file...'
+     'include' => sub { # '.lilypond include file...'
 
        # this may not be used within lilypond mode
        next LILYPOND if ( $lilypond_mode );
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ our $Read =
        # file can be read now
 
 
-       # `$fh_write_ly' must be opened
+       # '$fh_write_ly' must be opened
        &$increase_ly_number;
 
        $ly = new FH_FILE($path_ly);
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ our $Read =
        } else {
         die "Wrong argument for \$eps_subs: '" . $Args->{'eps_func'} . "'";
        }
-     }, # end `.lilypond include'
+     }, # end '.lilypond include'
 
     ); # end definition %lilypond_args
 
@@ -598,15 +598,15 @@ our $Read =
                  )
                  \s*
                //x;
-      my $arg1 = $1; # `start', `end' or `include'
+      my $arg1 = $1; # 'start', 'end' or 'include'
       $args =~ s/["'`]//g;
-      my $arg2 = $args; # file argument for `.lilypond include'
+      my $arg2 = $args; # file argument for '.lilypond include'
 
       if ( exists $lilypond_args{$arg1} ) {
        $lilypond_args{$arg1}->($arg2);
        next;
       } else {
-       # not a suitable argument of `.lilypond'
+       # not a suitable argument of '.lilypond'
        $stderr->print( "Unknown command: '$arg1' '$arg2':  '$line'" );
       }
 
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ our $Read =
 
 
     if ( $lilypond_mode ) { # do lilypond-mode
-      # see `.lilypond start'
+      # see '.lilypond start'
       $ly->print( $line );
       next LILYPOND;
     } # do lilypond-mode
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ our $Read =
               [.']
               \s*
               lilypond
-            /x ) { # not a `.lilypond' line
+            /x ) { # not a '.lilypond' line
       $out->print($line);
       next LILYPOND;
     }
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ END {
               ^
               $Args->{'prefix'}
               _
-            /x ) { # this includes `PREFIX_temp*'
+            /x ) { # this includes 'PREFIX_temp*'
          my $file = File::Spec->catfile( $Temp->{'temp_dir'},  $_ );
          $v->print( "Remove '" . $file . "'" );
          unlink $file or $stderr->print( "Could not remove '$file': $!" );
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl b/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
index 8555208..4f120ab 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ $P_PIC = '.PSPIC';
 # subs for using several times
 ########################################################################
 
-sub create_ly2eps {                   # `--ly2eps' default
+sub create_ly2eps {                   # '--ly2eps' default
   our ( $out, $Read, $Temp );
 
   my $prefix = $Read->{'file_numbered'};   # with dir change to temp dir
 
-  # `$ lilypond --ps -dbackend=eps -dgs-load-fonts \
+  # '$ lilypond --ps -dbackend=eps -dgs-load-fonts \
   #      output=file_without_extension file.ly'
   # extensions are added automatically
   my $opts = '--ps -dbackend=eps -dinclude-eps-fonts -dgs-load-fonts ' .
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ sub create_ly2eps {                # `--ly2eps' default
 }                              # end sub create_ly2eps()
 
 
-sub create_pdf2eps {                  # `--pdf2eps'
+sub create_pdf2eps {                  # '--pdf2eps'
   our ( $v, $stdout, $stderr, $out, $Read, $Temp );
 
   my $prefix = $Read->{'file_numbered'};   # with dir change to temp dir
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ sub create_pdf2eps {                       # `--pdf2eps'
   # pdf2ps in temp dir
   my $temp_file = &next_temp_file;
   $v->print( "\n##### run of 'pdf2ps'" );
-  # `$ pdf2ps file.pdf file.ps'
+  # '$ pdf2ps file.pdf file.ps'
   my $output = `pdf2ps $file_pdf $file_ps 2> $temp_file`;
   die 'Program pdf2ps does not work.' if ( $? );
   &shell_handling($output, $temp_file);
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ sub create_pdf2eps {                       # `--pdf2eps'
   # ps2eps in temp dir
   $temp_file = &next_temp_file;
   $v->print( "\n##### run of 'ps2eps'" );
-  # `$ ps2eps file.ps'
+  # '$ ps2eps file.ps'
   $output = `ps2eps $file_ps 2> $temp_file`;
   die 'Program ps2eps does not work.' if ( $? );
   &shell_handling($output, $temp_file);
@@ -229,14 +229,14 @@ sub make_dir {                    # make directory or 
check if it exists
       "so directory '$dir_arg' can't be createdd."
        unless ( -w $dir_grow );
 
-    # former directory is writable, so `$dir_arg' can be created
+    # former directory is writable, so '$dir_arg' can be created
 
     File::Path::make_path( $dir_arg,
                           {
                            mask => oct('0700'),
                            verbose => $Args->{'verbose'},
                           }
-                        )      #  `mkdir -P'
+                        )      #  'mkdir -P'
        or die "Could not create directory '$dir_arg': $!";
 
     last DIRPARTS;
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ sub path2abs {
 
   die "path2abs(): argument is empty." unless ( $path );
 
-  # Perl does not support shell `~' for home dir
+  # Perl does not support shell '~' for home dir
   if ( $path =~ /
                  ^
                  ~
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ sub path2abs {
 
 
 sub run_lilypond {
-  # arg is the options collection for `lilypond' to run
+  # arg is the options collection for 'lilypond' to run
   # either from ly or pdf
 
   our ( $Temp, $v );
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ sub string2array {
 } # end string2array()
 
 
-sub usage {                    # for `--help'
+sub usage {                    # for '--help'
   our ( $Globals, $Args );
 
   my $p = $Globals->{'prog'};
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ The directories set are created when they do not exist.
 } # end sub usage()
 
 
-sub version { # for `--version'
+sub version { # for '--version'
   our ( $Globals, $Legalese, $stdout, $Args );
   my $end;
   if ( $Globals->{'groff_version'} ) {
diff --git a/contrib/gperl/gperl.am b/contrib/gperl/gperl.am
index 82290c6..bcee90b 100644
--- a/contrib/gperl/gperl.am
+++ b/contrib/gperl/gperl.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `gperl' (preprocessor for added Perl parts)
+# Automake rules for 'gperl' (preprocessor for added Perl parts)
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/gperl/gperl.am
 
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 22 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `gperl' which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'gperl' which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ gperl: $(top_srcdir)/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl shdeps.sed
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl b/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
index 14b5590..1a4fbd4 100755
--- a/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
+++ b/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 
 my $version = '1.2.6';
 
-# This file is part of `gperl', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'gperl', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use File::Temp qw/ tempfile tempdir /;
 # needed for temporary dir
 use File::Spec;
 
-# for `copy' and `move'
+# for 'copy' and 'move'
 use File::Copy;
 
 # for fileparse, dirname and basename
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ our $File_split_env_sh;
 our $File_version_sh;
 our $Groff_Version;
 
-my $before_make;               # script before run of `make'
+my $before_make;               # script before run of 'make'
 {
   my $at = '@';
   $before_make = 1 if '@VERSION@' eq "${at}VERSION${at}";
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ foreach (<>) {
   my $line = $_;
   my $is_dot_Perl = $line =~ /^[.']\s*Perl(|\s+.*)$/;
 
-  unless ( $is_dot_Perl ) {    # not a `.Perl' line
+  unless ( $is_dot_Perl ) {    # not a '.Perl' line
     if ( $perl_mode ) {                # is running in Perl mode
       print OUT $line;
     } else {                   # normal line, not Perl-related
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ foreach (<>) {
 
 
   ##########
-  # now the line is a `.Perl' line
+  # now the line is a '.Perl' line
 
   my $args = $line;
   $args =~ s/\s+$//;   # remove final spaces
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ foreach (<>) {
   ##########
   # start Perl mode
   if ( @args == 0 || @args == 1 && $args[0] eq 'start' ) {
-    # For `.Perl' no args or first arg `start' means opening `Perl' mode.
+    # For '.Perl' no args or first arg 'start' means opening 'Perl' mode.
     # Everything else means an ending command.
     if ( $perl_mode ) {
-      # `.Perl' was started twice, ignore
+      # '.Perl' was started twice, ignore
       print STDERR q('.Perl' starter was run several times);
       next;
     } else {   # new Perl start
@@ -183,15 +183,15 @@ foreach (<>) {
     next;
   }
 
-  $perl_mode = 0;      # `Perl' stop calling is correct
-  close OUT;           # close the storing of `Perl' commands
+  $perl_mode = 0;      # 'Perl' stop calling is correct
+  close OUT;           # close the storing of 'Perl' commands
 
   ##########
-  # run this `Perl' part, later on about storage of the result
+  # run this 'Perl' part, later on about storage of the result
   # array stores prints with \n
   my @print_res = `perl $out_file`;
 
-  # remove `stop' arg if exists
+  # remove 'stop' arg if exists
   shift @args if ( $args[0] eq 'stop' );
 
   if ( @args == 0 ) {
diff --git a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am
index 40b4744..95422ae 100644
--- a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am
+++ b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `gpinyin' (preprocessor for added Perl parts)
+# Automake rules for 'gpinyin' (preprocessor for added Perl parts)
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.am
 
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 22 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `gpinyin' which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'gpinyin' which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ uninstall-gpinyin-hook:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
index 14cbb45..04d8ca9 100755
--- a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
+++ b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /usr/bin/env perl
 
-# gpinyin - European-like Chinese writing `pinyin' into `groff'
+# gpinyin - European-like Chinese writing 'pinyin' into 'groff'
 
 # Source file position: <groff-source>/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
 # Installed position: <prefix>/bin/gpinyin
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 
 my $version = '1.0.4';
 
-# This file is part of `gpinyin', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'gpinyin', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use File::Temp qw/ tempfile tempdir /;
 # needed for temporary dir
 use File::Spec;
 
-# for `copy' and `move'
+# for 'copy' and 'move'
 use File::Copy;
 
 # for fileparse, dirname and basename
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ our $File_split_env_sh;
 our $File_version_sh;
 our $Groff_Version;
 
-my $before_make;               # script before run of `make'
+my $before_make;               # script before run of 'make'
 {
   my $at = '@';
   $before_make = 1 if '@VERSION@' eq "${at}VERSION${at}";
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ foreach (<>) {      # get line from input
   # .pinyin start or begin line
   if ( $line =~ /^[.']\s*pinyin\s+(start|begin)$/ ) {
     if ( $pinyin_mode ) {
-      # `.pinyin' was started twice, ignore
+      # '.pinyin' was started twice, ignore
       &err( q['.pinyin' starter was run several times] );
     } else {   # new pinyin start
       $pinyin_mode = 1;
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ foreach (<>) {      # get line from input
 
 
 ########################################################################
-# end of file without stopping `pinyin' mode
+# end of file without stopping 'pinyin' mode
 if ( $pinyin_mode ) {
   &finish_pinyin_mode( address@hidden, address@hidden );
 }
diff --git a/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl b/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
index c5916fd..4eb42f4 100755
--- a/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /usr/bin/env perl
 
-# gpinyin - European-like Chinese writing `pinyin' into `groff'
+# gpinyin - European-like Chinese writing 'pinyin' into 'groff'
 
 # Source file position: <groff-source>/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
 # Installed position: <prefix>/bin/gpinyin
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `gpinyin', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'gpinyin', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ sub handle_line {
 
     # this is a word, maybe composed of several syllables
     my $punctuation = $1 if ( $word =~ s/([,.?!:;]*)$// );
-    # `$word' is now without punctuation
+    # '$word' is now without punctuation
 
     my %outword = &handle_word($word);
     next unless ( %outword );
diff --git a/contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am 
b/contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am
index 7efcc32..a02e631 100644
--- a/contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am
+++ b/contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `groff_filenames'
+# Automake rules for 'groff_filenames'
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/groff_filenames/groff_filenames.am
 
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 # Automake migration by Bertrand Garrigues
 
-# This file is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -33,7 +33,11 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/README b/contrib/groffer/README
index 567f289..f4f3cb7 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/README
+++ b/contrib/groffer/README
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 README
 
-The `groffer' program is the easiest way to read documents written in
-some `roff' language, such as the `man pages', the manual pages in
-many operating systems.  All `roff' preprocessors, such as `chem' or
-`glilypond', are detected and executed automatically.
+The 'groffer' program is the easiest way to read documents written in
+some 'roff' language, such as the 'man pages', the manual pages in
+many operating systems.  All 'roff' preprocessors, such as 'chem' or
+'glilypond', are detected and executed automatically.
 
 
 Input
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ Input
 Input comes from either standard input or command-line parameters that
 represent names of exisiting roff files or standardized specifications
 for searching man pages.  All of these can be compressed in a format
-that is decompressible by `gzip' or `bzip2', including `.gz', `bz2',
-and `.Z'.
+that is decompressible by 'gzip' or 'bzip2', including '.gz', 'bz2',
+and '.Z'.
 
-`groffer' has many built-in `man' functionalities to find and read the
+'groffer' has many built-in 'man' functionalities to find and read the
 manual pages on UNIX and similar operating systems.  It accepts the
-information from an installed `man' program, but tries to find a man
+information from an installed 'man' program, but tries to find a man
 path by itself.
 
-`groffer' bundles all filespec parameters into a single output file in
-the same way as `groff'.  The disadvantage of this is that all file
+'groffer' bundles all filespec parameters into a single output file in
+the same way as 'groff'.  The disadvantage of this is that all file
 name arguments must use the same groff language.  To change this, the
 option parsing must be revised for large parts.  It seems that this
 would create incompatibilities, so the actual option strategy is kept.
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ would create incompatibilities, so the actual option strategy 
is kept.
 
 Output
 
-All input is first sent to `grog' to determine the necessary `groff'
-command and then to `groff' together with all necessary preprocessors.
-So no special `groff' arguments must be given.  But all `groff'
+All input is first sent to 'grog' to determine the necessary 'groff'
+command and then to 'groff' together with all necessary preprocessors.
+So no special 'groff' arguments must be given.  But all 'groff'
 options can be specified when this seems to be appropriate.
 
 The following displaying modes for the output are available:
@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ The following displaying modes for the output are available:
 -- a PDF viewer,
 -- a Postcript viewer,
 -- a web browser,
--- the X `roff' viewer `gxditview',
+-- the X 'roff' viewer 'gxditview',
 -- a DVI viewer,
 -- a pager in a text terminal (tty).
-- Generate `groff' output on stdout without a viewer.
-- Generate the `groff intermediate output' on standard output without
+- Generate 'groff' output on stdout without a viewer.
+- Generate the 'groff intermediate output' on standard output without
   postprocessing.
-- Output the source code without any `groff' processing.
-- There are some information outputs without `groff' processing, such
-  as by option `-V' and the `man' like `whatis' and `apropos'
+- Output the source code without any 'groff' processing.
+- There are some information outputs without 'groff' processing, such
+  as by option '-V' and the 'man' like 'whatis' and 'apropos'
   outputs.
 
 By default, the program creates a PDF file; on non-X text terminals,
-the `tty' text mode with a pager is tried by default.
+the 'tty' text mode with a pager is tried by default.
 
 
 File access
@@ -62,21 +62,21 @@ by the file owner.
 
 Compatibility
 
-`groffer' is compatible to the `man' program.  It supports `.so'
+'groffer' is compatible to the 'man' program.  It supports '.so'
 requests based on the man path and compressed files.  That's more than
-`groff' does.
+'groff' does.
 
 
 Mailing lists
 
-For reporting bugs of `groffer', groff's free mailing list
+For reporting bugs of 'groffer', groff's free mailing list
 <address@hidden> can be used.
 
 For a general discussion, the mailing list <address@hidden> is more
 useful, but one has to subscribe to this list at
 http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/groff.
 
-See the `README' file in the top directory of the `groff' source
+See the 'README' file in the top directory of the 'groff' source
 package for more details on these mailing lists.
 
 
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ package for more details on these mailing lists.
 Copyright (C) 2003-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-`groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.
 
-`groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/README_PERL b/contrib/groffer/README_PERL
index 18fe7a8..6b8d0cd 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/README_PERL
+++ b/contrib/groffer/README_PERL
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 README_PERL
 
-`groffer' is written in the programming language Perl.
+'groffer' is written in the programming language Perl.
 
 
 Compatibility
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ Compatibility
 It was written in Linux, but due to Free Software under GNU it is
 available for each operating system.
 
-For testing, `groffer.pl' may be used directly without a Makefile.  By
-`make', this file will be transformed into the file `groffer' that will
+For testing, 'groffer.pl' may be used directly without a Makefile.  By
+'make', this file will be transformed into the file 'groffer' that will
 be installed.
 
 
 Temporary files
 
-The `file' and `so' temporaries are numbered and the files with .so
+The 'file' and 'so' temporaries are numbered and the files with .so
 request are copied.  All .so requests are handled; this is an
-extension to `man' that deals only with the first .so request.
+extension to 'man' that deals only with the first .so request.
 
 
 ####### License
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ extension to `man' that deals only with the first .so 
request.
 Copyright (C) 2003-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-`groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.
 
-`groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/groffer.am b/contrib/groffer/groffer.am
index 8a02169..b62cf0e 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/groffer.am
+++ b/contrib/groffer/groffer.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Automake rules for `groffer'
+# Automake rules for 'groffer'
 
 # File position: <groff-source>/contrib/groffer/groffer.am
 
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 22 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `groffer' which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer' which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -109,7 +109,11 @@ uninstall-groffer-hook:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/groffer.pl b/contrib/groffer/groffer.pl
index e0c62ef..1f86836 100755
--- a/contrib/groffer/groffer.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/groffer.pl
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 27 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ use File::Temp qw/ tempfile tempdir /;
 # needed for temporary dir
 use File::Spec;
 
-# for `copy' and `move'
+# for 'copy' and 'move'
 use File::Copy;
 
 # for fileparse, dirname and basename
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ our $File_split_env_sh;
 our $File_version_sh;
 our $Groff_Version;
 
-my $before_make;               # script before run of `make'
+my $before_make;               # script before run of 'make'
 {
   my $at = '@';
   $before_make = 1 if '@VERSION@' eq "${at}VERSION${at}";
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl b/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
index 99d3a04..51bc381 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 
 # LAst update: 27 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 # <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html>.
 
 ########################################################################
-# This file contains the main functions formerly in `groff.pl'
+# This file contains the main functions formerly in 'groff.pl'
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
      '--locale' =>             # set language for man pages, arg
      # argument is address@hidden (ISO 639,...)
      sub { $Opt{'LANG'} = &_get_arg(); },
-     '--local-file' =>         # force local files; same as `--no-man'
+     '--local-file' =>         # force local files; same as '--no-man'
      sub { delete $Man{'ENABLE'}; delete $Man{'FORCE'}; },
      '--location' =>           # print file locations to stderr
      sub { $Opt{'LOCATION'} = 1; },
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
           }
         },
 ### main_parse_params()
-     '--no-location' =>                # disable former call to `--location'
+     '--no-location' =>                # disable former call to '--location'
      sub { delete $Opt{'LOCATION'}; },
      '--no-man' =>             # disable search for man pages
      sub { delete $Man{'ENABLE'}; delete $Man{'FORCE'}; },
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
 ### main_parse_params()
      '--rv' => sub { $Opt{'RV'} = 1; },
      '--sections' =>           # specify sections for man pages, arg
-     # arg is a `:'-separated (colon) list of section names
+     # arg is a ':'-separated (colon) list of section names
      sub { my $arg = &_get_arg();
           my @arg = split /:/, $arg;
           my $s;
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ sub _get_prog_args {
 #
 # Local function of main_set_mode().
 #
-# Return  : `0' if not a part of the list, `1' if found in the list.
+# Return  : '0' if not a part of the list, '1' if found in the list.
 #
 sub _get_first_prog {
   our %Display;
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ sub _get_first_prog {
 #
 # Arguments: 2
 #
-# Return  : `0' if not a part of the list, `1' if found in the list.
+# Return  : '0' if not a part of the list, '1' if found in the list.
 # Output  : none
 #
 # Globals in    : $Viewer_X{<MODE>}, $Viewer_tty{<MODE>}
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ sub main_do_fileargs {
        warn "main_do_fileargs: the argument $filespec is not a file;";
       }
       next FILESPEC;
-    } else {                   # neither `-' nor has dir
+    } else {                   # neither '-' nor has dir
       # check whether filespec is an existing file
       unless ( $Man{'FORCE'} ) {
        if (-f $filespec && -r $filespec) {
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ sub main_do_fileargs {
     $Filespec_Is_Man = 1;
 
 ### main_do_fileargs()
-    # test filespec with `man:...' or `...(...)' on man page
+    # test filespec with 'man:...' or '...(...)' on man page
 
     my @names = ($filespec);
     if ($filespec =~ /^man:(.*)$/) {
@@ -1810,7 +1810,7 @@ sub main_display {
       }
 
 ### main_display()
-      # mode is not 'text', but `tty'
+      # mode is not 'text', but 'tty'
       my %pager;
       my @p;
       push @p, $Opt{'PAGER'} if $Opt{'PAGER'};
@@ -1998,7 +1998,7 @@ sub main_display {
 #
 # Perform the generation of the output and view the result.  If an
 # argument is given interpret it as a function name that is called in
-# the midst (actually only for `pdf').
+# the midst (actually only for 'pdf').
 #
 sub _do_display {
   our ( %Display, %Debug, %Opt );
@@ -2049,7 +2049,7 @@ sub _do_display {
 #############
 # _do_opt_V ()
 #
-# Check on option `-V'; if set print the corresponding output and leave.
+# Check on option '-V'; if set print the corresponding output and leave.
 #
 # Globals: @ARGV, $Display{MODE}, $Display{PROG},
 #          $Display{ARGS}, $groggy,  $modefile, $addopts
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/man.pl b/contrib/groffer/man.pl
index 4410d2a..c254deb 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/man.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/man.pl
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ sub man_get {
 #           $main::Man{SEC}, $main::Man{ALL}
 #   in/out: $main::Man{ENABLE}
 #
-# The precedence for the variables related to `man' is that of GNU
-# `man', i.e.
+# The precedence for the variables related to 'man' is that of GNU
+# 'man', i.e.
 #
 # $LANG; overridden by
 # $LC_MESSAGES; overridden by
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ sub man_setup {
 # Globals:
 #   in:     $main::Man{SYS}: a list of names of operating systems.
 #           $main::Man{LANG} and $main::Man{LANG2}: each a single name
-#   in/out: @{$main::Man{PATH}}: list of directories which shall have the 
`man?'
+#   in/out: @{$main::Man{PATH}}: list of directories which shall have the 
'man?'
 #           subdirectories.
 #
 sub manpath_add_lang_sys {
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ sub manpath_add_lang_sys {
 #
 # Determine basic search path for man pages from $PATH.
 #
-# Return:    `1' if a valid man path was retrieved.
+# Return:    '1' if a valid man path was retrieved.
 # Output:    none
 # Globals:
 #   in:  $PATH
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ sub special_setup {
 ##########
 # whatis_filename(<filename>)
 #
-# Interpret <filename> as a man page and display its `whatis'
+# Interpret <filename> as a man page and display its 'whatis'
 # information as a fragment written in the groff language.
 #
 # Globals:  in: $main::Opt{'WHATIS'}, $main::Special_Setup, 
$main::Special_Filespec,
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ sub whatis_filename {
     }
   }
 
-  # traditional man style; grep the line containing `.TH' macro, if any
+  # traditional man style; grep the line containing '.TH' macro, if any
   my @catz = &cat_z($_[0]);
   my $res;
   my $test;
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ sub whatis_filename {
   }                            # foreach (@catz)
 ### whatis_filename()
   if ($test) {                 # traditional man style
-    # get the first line after the first `.SH' macro before the next `.SH'
+    # get the first line after the first '.SH' macro before the next '.SH'
     my $test1;
     foreach (@catz) {
       if ($test1) {
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ sub whatis_filename {
     return 1;
   }                            # if ($test)
 
-  # mdoc style (BSD doc); grep the line containing `.Nd' macro, if any
+  # mdoc style (BSD doc); grep the line containing '.Nd' macro, if any
   foreach (@catz) {
     if (/^[\.']\s*Nd\s/) {             # BSD doc style
       $res =~ s/^(.*)$/$name ($section) \\[em] $1/;
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl b/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
index ac504be..f1916b3 100755
--- a/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/split_env.sh b/contrib/groffer/split_env.sh
index 34b916b..9d35119 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/split_env.sh
+++ b/contrib/groffer/split_env.sh
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/subs.pl b/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
index 73e35f4..12f0260 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 
 # Last update: 27 Aug 2015
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ sub cat_z {
        @res = `bzip2 -c -d $file 2>$main::Dev_Null`;
        return @res;
       }
-      # if not compressed with gz, gzip will act like `cat'
+      # if not compressed with gz, gzip will act like 'cat'
       @res = `gzip -c -d -f $file 2>$main::Dev_Null`;
       return @res;
     }
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ EOF
 # in $PATH.
 #
 # Arguments : 1, <program> can have spaces and arguments.
-# Return    : a hash with `dir', `file', `fullname', `args' if
+# Return    : a hash with 'dir', 'file', 'fullname', 'args' if
 #             argument exists or is a program in $PATH, empty hash else.
 #
 sub where_is_prog {
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/version.sh b/contrib/groffer/version.sh
index 7b16a67..3235e15 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/version.sh
+++ b/contrib/groffer/version.sh
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2001-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 # Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>.
 
-# This file is part of `groffer', which is part of `groff'.
+# This file is part of 'groffer', which is part of 'groff'.
 
-# `groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# 'groff' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 
-# `groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# 'groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 # General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
index d726bc7..242b351 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .\"    ******************************************************************
 .\"    **      some of the following macros use system commands        **
-.\"    **      and are therefore `unsafe': they need the `-U' argument **
+.\"    **      and are therefore 'unsafe': they need the '-U' argument **
 .\"    **      when calling groff/troff                                **
 .\"    ******************************************************************
 .
@@ -112,16 +112,16 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .\"    Utility macro:  .d2x decimal_number [base [string_name]]
 .\"
-.\"            Convert `decimal_number' to another base `base' (in the
-.\"            range 1..16) and store the result in string `string_name'.
-.\"            If `base' is missing or empty, convert to a hexadecimal
-.\"            number.  If `string_name' is missing or empty, return value
-.\"            in string `hex#', otherwise return the value in both
-.\"            `string_name' and `hex#'.
+.\"            Convert 'decimal_number' to another base 'base' (in the
+.\"            range 1..16) and store the result in string 'string_name'.
+.\"            If 'base' is missing or empty, convert to a hexadecimal
+.\"            number.  If 'string_name' is missing or empty, return value
+.\"            in string 'hex#', otherwise return the value in both
+.\"            'string_name' and 'hex#'.
 .\"
 .\"            The base value 1 is handled specially: The returned
-.\"            string contains the character `|' `decimal_number' times
-.\"            (for example, input value 4 yields `||||').
+.\"            string contains the character '|' 'decimal_number' times
+.\"            (for example, input value 4 yields '||||').
 .ds d2x-0 0\"
 .ds d2x-1 1\"
 .ds d2x-2 2\"
@@ -210,18 +210,18 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"                    .random-seed seed1 seed2
 .\"
 .\"            Return pseudo-random numbers in the range 0..0xFFFFFF,
-.\"            represented as the concatenation of `#' and six
-.\"            hexadecimal digits, in the string `#random'.  The
-.\"            macro `random-seed' can be used to set seed values,
+.\"            represented as the concatenation of '#' and six
+.\"            hexadecimal digits, in the string '#random'.  The
+.\"            macro 'random-seed' can be used to set seed values,
 .\"            which should be integers in the range 1..2147483562 and
-.\"            1..2147483398 for `seed1' and `seed2', respectively
+.\"            1..2147483398 for 'seed1' and 'seed2', respectively
 .\"            (the macro applies a modulo operation to assure this
-.\"            range).  If `random-seed' isn't called the registers
-.\"            `seconds', `minutes', `hours', `dy', `mo', `year', and
-.\"            `$$' are used to compute it.
+.\"            range).  If 'random-seed' isn't called the registers
+.\"            'seconds', 'minutes', 'hours', 'dy', 'mo', 'year', and
+.\"            '$$' are used to compute it.
 .\"
 .\"            The used generator is presented in L'Ecuyer's 1988 paper
-.\"            `Efficient and Portable Combined Random Number
+.\"            'Efficient and Portable Combined Random Number
 .\"            Generators', which combines two Multiplicative Linear
 .\"            Congruential Generators (MLCGs) to achieve a period of
 .\"            2.3*10^18.
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
index 7f3fe55..9fc8646 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-.\"    -*-     mode: groff     -*-
 .ig
 
 font_n.roff
@@ -29,8 +28,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"    **      .fontdump [font1 font2 ...]                             **
 .\"    **              Print glyphs of font1, font2, ..., versus       **
 .\"    **              character code.                                 **
-.\"    **              `all' as fontname prints all fonts in the       **
-.\"    **              specified string `fontpath'.                    **
+.\"    **              'all' as fontname prints all fonts in the       **
+.\"    **              specified string 'fontpath'.                    **
 .\"    **              without arg: glyphs and codes of active font.   **
 .\"    ******************************************************************
 .
@@ -109,10 +108,10 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
                hal=c fsz='1.2 1.2' fst=\\*[*$1]
 .            nr c# 0-1 1
 .            nr y# 0-1 1
-.            TR fst=HB fgc=blue 
-.              TD 
+.            TR fst=HB fgc=blue
+.              TD
 .                nr x# 0-1 1
-.                \" following 4 `PN's instead of 4 while-loops as in
+.                \" following 4 'PN's instead of 4 while-loops as in
 .                \" font_x.roff; short and easy to write, but a little
 .                \" bit slower.
 .              PN 10 .TD \
@@ -144,7 +143,17 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .time
 .date
 .
-.\"    466MHz Celeron CPU, 384MB RAM 
+.\"    466MHz Celeron CPU, 384MB RAM
 .\"    WindowsXP/cygwin groff18.1:     115s
 .\"    WindowsXP/cygwin groff19.2:     450s
 .\"    Suse Linux 9.3 groff19.2:        76s
+.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
index 96a18dc..9df0b22 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-.\"    -*-     mode: nroff     -*-
 .ig
 
 font_x.roff
@@ -29,8 +28,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"    **      .fontdump [font1 font2 ...]                             **
 .\"    **              Print glyphs of font1, font2, ..., versus       **
 .\"    **              character code.                                 **
-.\"    **              `all' as fontname prints all fonts in the       **
-.\"    **              specified string `fontpath'.                    **
+.\"    **              'all' as fontname prints all fonts in the       **
+.\"    **              specified string 'fontpath'.                    **
 .\"    **              without arg: glyphs and codes of active font.   **
 .\"    ******************************************************************
 .
@@ -159,3 +158,13 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"    WindowsXP/cygwin groff18.1:     107s
 .\"    WindowsXP/cygwin groff19.2:     390s
 .\"    Suse Linux 9.3 groff19.2:        66s
+.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u b/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
index 41e9f55..e138501 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-.\"    -*-     mode: nroff     -*-
 .ig
 
 hdmisc.tmac
@@ -46,28 +45,28 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"                                    <val> must not contain spaces.
 .\"                    <key>='<val>'   Assign <val> to string <key>.
 .\"                                    <val> can contain spaces.
-.\"                    <key>=          Assign `=' to string <key>.
-.\"                    <key>           Assign `key' to string <key>.
+.\"                    <key>=          Assign '=' to string <key>.
+.\"                    <key>           Assign 'key' to string <key>.
 .\"
-.\"            After return, the string `args' contains the remaining
+.\"            After return, the string 'args' contains the remaining
 .\"            arguments.
 .\"
-.\"            Example: With the definition of string `foo' as
+.\"            Example: With the definition of string 'foo' as
 .\"
 .\"                    .ds foo aaa=xxx bbb ccc='yyy zzz' ddd= eee
 .\"
-.\"            a call to `getarg' with
+.\"            a call to 'getarg' with
 .\"
 .\"                    .getarg ccc \*[foo]
 .\"
-.\"            sets string `ccc' to value `yyy zzz'.  The string `args'
-.\"            now contains `aaa=xxx bbb ddd= eee'.  An additional call
+.\"            sets string 'ccc' to value 'yyy zzz'.  The string 'args'
+.\"            now contains 'aaa=xxx bbb ddd= eee'.  An additional call
 .\"            like
 .\"
 .\"                    .getarg ddd \*[args]
 .\"
-.\"            sets string `ddd' to value `=', and `args' contains
-.\"            `aaa=xxx bbb eee'.
+.\"            sets string 'ddd' to value '=', and 'args' contains
+.\"            'aaa=xxx bbb eee'.
 .de t*getarg
 .  ds \\$1
 .  ds args
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .        ds \\*[$1] \\*[$1]\"                  return key as string
 .      el \{\
 .        ie "\?\\*[**]\?"\?\\*[$1]=\?" \
-.          ds \\*[$1] =\"                      return `='
+.          ds \\*[$1] =\"                      return '='
 .        el \{\
 .          substring ** (\\n[*] + 1) -1
 .          ds * \\*[**]\"
@@ -146,9 +145,9 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"    Utility macro:  .index <string1> <string2>
 .\"
 .\"            Check whether <string2> is a substring of <string1> and
-.\"            return its position in number register `t*index', starting
+.\"            return its position in number register 't*index', starting
 .\"            with 1.  If not found, return 0.  If <string2> is empty,
-.\"            set `t*index' to -999.
+.\"            set 't*index' to -999.
 .de t*index
 .  if "\\$2"" \{\
 .    nr t*index -999
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"    **                      P1 is nestable                          **
 .\"    ******************************************************************
 .de t*P1
-.  \" `while' command is about five times faster than recursion!
+.  \" 'while' command is about five times faster than recursion!
 .  while \\n[.$] \{\
 .    nop \\$1
 .    shift
@@ -322,4 +321,13 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    tm hdtbl: Missing '.ETB' macro; last .TBL in \\*[t*FN] at line \\*[t*LN].
 ..
 .
-.\" EOF
+.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am
index a37da14..f942d33 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.am
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ HDTBLGROFF = \
   $(GROFFBIN) $(FFLAG) $(TFLAG) $(HDTBL_TFLAG) $(HDTLB_PFLAG)
 
 # Files installed in $(tmacdir).
-# These files are generated with `strip.sed' from their unstripped source file 
+# These files are generated with 'strip.sed' from their unstripped source file
 # equivalent (e.g. hdtbl.tmac is generated from hdtbl.tmac-u)
 HDTBLSTRIPFILES = \
   contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac \
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ hdtbltmac_DATA = $(HDTBLSTRIPFILES)
 # located in the source tree, while HDTBLPROCESSEDEXAMPLEFILES are
 # generated in the build tree.
 
-# These files are handled by the `.in.roff' rule.
+# These files are handled by the '.in.roff' rule.
 HDTBLGENFILES = \
   contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.roff \
   contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.roff
@@ -129,7 +129,11 @@ uninstall-hdtbl-hook:
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
index 7700c33..c8d69b8 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .  ds t*FN \\[.F]\"
 .  ds t*LN \\[.c]\"
 .
-.  t*getarg cols address@hidden"       from here string `args' contains the 
rest of \\$@
+.  t*getarg cols address@hidden"       from here string 'args' contains the 
rest of \\$@
 .  ie "\\*[cols]"" \
 .    nr t*cols\\n[t*#] \\n[t*cols]
 .  el \{\
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid table row height '\\*[height]'.
 .  \}
 .
-.  \"  If there is a TR with height `height', the total height of the table
-.  \"  is too high by 3/2 b, independent of the number of TR with `height'.
+.  \"  If there is a TR with height 'height', the total height of the table
+.  \"  is too high by 3/2 b, independent of the number of TR with 'height'.
 .  t*args \\*[#t#r] \\n[t*#]            \"     look for common arguments
 .
 .  t*P1 \\*[args]
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .  nr *c \\n[c#\\*[#t#r]]
 .
 .  if (\\n[colspan] - 1) \{\
-.    nr vline\\*[*#trc*] 0-1           \"      set `no vl' flag
+.    nr vline\\*[*#trc*] 0-1           \"      set 'no vl' flag
 .
 .    while (\\n+[*] <= \\n[colspan]) \{\
 .      nr *c +1
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .\"            Nested tables are processed from inside to outside.
 .
 .de t*divs
-.  ll (\\n[t*l]u + 1c)                 \"      avoid warning `can't break line'
+.  ll (\\n[t*l]u + 1c)                 \"      avoid warning 'can't break line'
 .  nf
 .
 .  nr b/2 \\n[b/2\\n[t*#]]             \"      some abbreviations
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      \" and position of lower horizontal line
 .      if \\n[*rsp*\\*[#trc]] \{\
 .        nr * \\n[#r] 1
-.        nr rspan\\*[#trc] 0-1         \"      set `no hl' flag
+.        nr rspan\\*[#trc] 0-1         \"      set 'no hl' flag
 .        nr corr (\\n[dn\\*[#trc]] - \\n[dntr\\n[t*#]*\\n[#r]])
 .
 .        \" clear row span flags in following rows and update row height
@@ -623,9 +623,9 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      \" double and single lines have the same thickness;
 .      \" the double lines' distance is the line thickness.
 .      \"
-.      \" `border=x': horizontal/vertical lines x/2 thick, minimum .1n
-.      \" `border=0': no border; horizontal/vertical lines .1n thick
-.      \" `border=': neither border nor horizontal/vertical lines
+.      \" 'border=x': horizontal/vertical lines x/2 thick, minimum .1n
+.      \" 'border=0': no border; horizontal/vertical lines .1n thick
+.      \" 'border=': neither border nor horizontal/vertical lines
 .
 .      nr *t (.1n >? \\n[b/2])         \"      thickness of hl/vl; min. .1n
 .      in +\\n[cscp]u
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .  while (\\n[t*cols\\n[t*#]] >= \\n+[*]) \{\
 .    nr $\\n[*] \\n[**]
 .    if !"\\$[\\n[*]]"" \{\
-.      \" check for `%' pseudo scaling indicator
+.      \" check for '%' pseudo scaling indicator
 .      ds * \\$\\n[*]\"
 .      substring * -1 -1
 .      ie "\\*[*]"%" \{\
@@ -999,7 +999,6 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .  ev
 ..
 .
-.\" EOF
 .\" Local Variables:
 .\" mode: nroff
 .\" End:
diff --git a/contrib/mm/Makefile.sim b/contrib/mm/Makefile.sim
index 0755201..73455c8 100644
--- a/contrib/mm/Makefile.sim
+++ b/contrib/mm/Makefile.sim
@@ -81,9 +81,11 @@ uninstall: groff_mm.n groff_mmse.n
         $< >$@
 
 ########################################################################
-# Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
 ########################################################################
 #
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=make textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/mm/examples/README b/contrib/mm/examples/README
index cfa1c03..60fbedf 100644
--- a/contrib/mm/examples/README
+++ b/contrib/mm/examples/README
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ I've made sure that mgm is useful in several languages;
 all English output can be redefined.
 
 For Swedish localization, check the manual for groff_mse and the
-macro files `mse.tmac' and `sv.tmac'.
+macro files 'mse.tmac' and 'sv.tmac'.
diff --git a/contrib/mm/m.tmac b/contrib/mm/m.tmac
index 70f896d..9b2df0c 100644
--- a/contrib/mm/m.tmac
+++ b/contrib/mm/m.tmac
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-.\" -*- nroff -*-
-.
 .ig
 
 Copyright (C) 1991-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -3575,3 +3573,13 @@ in=\\n[.i] fi=\\n[.u] .d=\\n[.d] nl=\\n[nl] pg=\\n[%]
 .\"--------------------
 .\" Start with a clean slate
 address@hidden
+.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/mm/mse.tmac b/contrib/mm/mse.tmac
index 93f03b6..ae6677c 100644
--- a/contrib/mm/mse.tmac
+++ b/contrib/mm/mse.tmac
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-.\"     -*- nroff -*-
 .ig
 
 Copyright (C) 1991-2014  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ Please send bug reports with examples to address@hidden
 .ds @country se
 .
 .mso m.tmac
-.\" The two-letter code for Swedish is `sv', not `se' (this is Northern Sami)
+.\" The two-letter code for Swedish is 'sv', not 'se' (this is Northern Sami)
 .mso sv.tmac
 .
 .ISODATE
@@ -158,3 +157,13 @@ Datum:
 .sp |17
 ..
 .\"  -----------------------------------
+.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac b/contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac
index d3db4f1..3341cda 100644
--- a/contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac
+++ b/contrib/mm/refer-mm.tmac
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-.\" -*- mode: nroff; coding: iso-latin-1; -*-
-.\"
 .\" refer-mm.tmac
 .\"
 .\" Refer support for mm macros.
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@
 .ds ref*spec!dflt  ",  " "
 .
 .\" For the bibliography section, we emulate the .RS/.RF mechanism of mm by
-.\" collecting references (enclosed with .]- and .][) in macro `ref*mac'.
+.\" collecting references (enclosed with .]- and .][) in macro 'ref*mac'.
 .\" This macro gets expanded while calling the .RP macro.
 .
 .de ref*][-first-pass
@@ -103,4 +101,12 @@
 .
 .mso refer.tmac
 .
-.\" EOF
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\" Editor settings
+.\" ====================================================================
+.
+.\" Local Variables:
+.\" mode: nroff
+.\" fill-column: 72
+.\" End:
+.\" vim: set filetype=groff textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/mom/BUGS b/contrib/mom/BUGS
index 1c14111..21d799f 100644
--- a/contrib/mom/BUGS
+++ b/contrib/mom/BUGS
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ START.
 ---Fixed---
 
 1st footnotes with overflow vanishing altogether with an
-"automatically ending diversion `FN_OVERFLOW' on exit" warning.
+"automatically ending diversion 'FN_OVERFLOW' on exit" warning.
 ---Fixed---
 
 Right hand margin notes vanishing when an RH margin note overflows
diff --git a/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u b/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
index c79ddce..97f04a7 100644
--- a/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
@@ -21847,9 +21847,9 @@ does not fit on page \\n[pgnum]\\*[col-num].
 \#        color hyphenation-flags
 \#
 \# Initialize margin notes.  Empty arguments (denoted with "") set
-\# default values.  If the first argument is the string `ragged',
+\# default values.  If the first argument is the string 'ragged',
 \# left and right margin notes are printed ragged-right.  If it is
-\# `symmetric', left margin notes are printed ragged-left and right
+\# 'symmetric', left margin notes are printed ragged-left and right
 \# margin notes ragged-right.  If omitted, margin notes are left
 \# and right adjusted.
 \#
@@ -21965,7 +21965,7 @@ does not fit on page \\n[pgnum]\\*[col-num].
 \#   MN
 \#
 \# With a parameter, start a margin note, otherwise end a margin note.
-\# If the parameter is the string `left', define a left margin note,
+\# If the parameter is the string 'left', define a left margin note,
 \# otherwise define a right margin note.
 \#
 .de MN
diff --git a/contrib/pdfmark/TODO b/contrib/pdfmark/TODO
index a415482..22fdc9b 100644
--- a/contrib/pdfmark/TODO
+++ b/contrib/pdfmark/TODO
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ system dependencies.
 * Comment added 2005-02-26 by Keith Marshall <address@hidden>
 
 If this refers to contrib/pdfmark/Makefile, then it is addressed by the new
-`pdfroff' script; the original Makefile may be considered redundant.  Local
-system dependencies are resolved by `configure', and applied to `pdfroff',
-when it is generated from `pdfroff.sh'.
+'pdfroff' script; the original Makefile may be considered redundant.  Local
+system dependencies are resolved by 'configure', and applied to 'pdfroff',
+when it is generated from 'pdfroff.sh'.
 
 --------
 
@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ Completed.
 
 --------
 
-Provide a `pdfmark' script (or call it `groff2pdf'?) which
+Provide a 'pdfmark' script (or call it 'groff2pdf'?) which
 actually converts a groff input file to pdf, and which
 takes care of the necessary intermediate steps to handle
 PDF marks.
 
 * Comment added 2005-02-26 by Keith Marshall <address@hidden>
 
-This facility now provided by `pdfroff' script; documented in `pdfroff.man'.
-Man page still requires an additional section, to describe use of `stylesheet'
+This facility now provided by 'pdfroff' script; documented in 'pdfroff.man'.
+Man page still requires an additional section, to describe use of 'stylesheet'
 feature.  Script also requires documentation in PDF and texinfo formats.
diff --git a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am
index 0730331..e965777 100644
--- a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am
+++ b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.am
@@ -96,7 +96,11 @@ endif
 
 
 ########################################################################
-### Emacs settings
+# Editor settings
+########################################################################
+#
 # Local Variables:
 # mode: makefile-automake
+# fill-column: 72
 # End:
+# vim: set filetype=automake textwidth=72:
diff --git a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.ms b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.ms
index 0d9d7de..4bc4622 100644
--- a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.ms
+++ b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfmark.ms
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Sections:--
     a)  This "Legal Matters" section, extending from the start of
         the document, to the end of the enclosing ".ig" section.
 
-    b)  The two lines below starting with `.AU' and `.AI'.
+    b)  The two lines below starting with '.AU' and '.AI'.
 
 A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called
 FDL in the main directory of the groff source package.
diff --git a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfroff.sh b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfroff.sh
index d4a3c21..0a6cb98 100644
--- a/contrib/pdfmark/pdfroff.sh
+++ b/contrib/pdfmark/pdfroff.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #
 # To ensure that prerequisite helper programs are available, and are
 # executable, a [fairly] portable method of detecting such programs is
-# provided by function `searchpath'.
+# provided by function 'searchpath'.
 #
   searchpath(){
   #
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
     do
       for ext in '' '.exe'
       #
-      # try `progname' with all well known extensions
-      # (e.g. Win32 may require `progname.exe')
+      # try 'progname' with all well known extensions
+      # (e.g. Win32 may require 'progname.exe')
       #
       do
         try="$dir/$1$ext"



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