[Koha-cvs] CVS: koha-doc/en/sysadmin/installation Installing_Koha_on_Debian_Woody.xml,NONE,1.1

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        Installing_Koha_on_Debian_Woody.xml 
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd";>
<article>
  <title>Installing Koha 2.0RC4 On Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 "stable"
  (woody)</title>

  <articleinfo>
    <pubdate>2004-12-15</pubdate>

    <author>
      <firstname>Joshua</firstname>

      <surname>Ferraro</surname>
    </author>

    <revhistory>
      <revision>
        <revnumber>2.0.0p1</revnumber>

        <date>2004-11-28</date>

        <authorinitials>jmf</authorinitials>

        <revdescription>
          <para>Generalized some of the language, reformated the text. My
          installing on debian manual is revised a bit for Koha 2.0 but does
          not include 2.2 stuff as I haven't installed 2.2 on debian yet.
          Also, I don't cover the actual Koha install--just the dependencies.
          I like that format as the installation of Koha is really the same
          once the dependencies are taken care of. -- jmf</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>

      <revision>
        <revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>

        <date>2004-11-23</date>

        <revdescription>
          <para>XML version (prepared by Stephen Hedges) of webpage posted at
          <ulink
          
url="http://kados.org/LibraryScience/koha.html";>http://kados.org/LibraryScience/koha.html</ulink>
          for inclusion in Koha-related documents collection. Revision
          numbering change to conform to Koha documents standard
          practice.</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>

      <revision>
        <revnumber>0.9.2</revnumber>

        <date>2004-02</date>

        <revdescription>
          <para>Changes made by Joshua Ferraro. Fixed some more typos-thanks
          again to James Estep for pointing them out! Added info on 2.4 kernel
          version. Added info on proxy servers. Added directions for
          un-commenting Listen 8080.</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>

      <revision>
        <revnumber>0.9.1</revnumber>

        <date>2004-02</date>

        <revdescription>
          <para>Changes made by Joshua Ferraro. Fixed some typos-thanks to
          James Estep for pointing them out!</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>

      <revision>
        <revnumber>0.9.0</revnumber>

        <date>2004-02</date>

        <revdescription>
          <para>Changes made by Joshua Ferraro.</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>

      <revision>
        <revnumber>0.8.0</revnumber>

        <date>2003-06</date>

        <revdescription>
          <para>Initial release.</para>
        </revdescription>
      </revision>
    </revhistory>
  </articleinfo>

  <para>The current maintainer of this document is Joshua Ferraro (<email>jmf
  AT kados.org</email>). Please forward him any comments, additions or
  suggestions, and they will be considered for inclusion in future releases of
  this manual.</para>

  <abstract>
    <para>This document contains installation instructions for Koha 2.0RC4 on
    Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 "stable" (woody). It also contains pointers to more
    information on how to make the most of your new Koha system.</para>
  </abstract>

  <section>
    <title>Using this document</title>

    <section>
      <title id="copyright">Copyright and License</title>

      <para>Copyright 2003, 2004 Joshua Ferraro <email>jmf (at)
      kados.org</email></para>

      <para>This document is related to Koha and is licensed to you under the
      GNU General Public License version 2 or later (<ulink
      
url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html";>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html</ulink>).
      Koha-related documents may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in
      part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as this copyright
      notice is retained on all copies.</para>

      <para>You may create a derivative work and distribute it provided that
      you: <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>License the derivative work with this same license, or the
            Linux Documentation Project License (<ulink
            
url="http://www.tldp.org/COPYRIGHT.html";>http://www.tldp.org/COPYRIGHT.html</ulink>).
            Include a copyright notice and at least a pointer to the license
            used.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Give due credit to previous authors and major
            contributors.</para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist></para>

      <para>Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the
      author would like to be notified of any such distributions.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title id="disclaimer">Disclaimer</title>

      <para>No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted.
      Use the concepts, examples and information at your own risk. There may
      be errors and inaccuracies, that could be damaging to your system.
      Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely, the
      author(s) do not take any responsibility.</para>

      <para>All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners,
      unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
      should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or
      service mark. Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen
      as endorsements.</para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Introduction</title>

    <!--Deprecated paragraph : 

    <para>One of the most challenging things about writing an installation
    manual for software running on a <application>GNU/Linux</application>
    system is that the software will often have different installation
    requirements on different distributions of
    <application>GNU/Linux</application>. Although the flexibility of a
    <application>GNU/Linux</application> system is one of its strengths, it
    can also result in confusion for new users. The installation of the
    <application>Koha</application> Library Automation System presents
    particular hardship for new users due to the number of dependencies that
    the system requires. As a result, there is need for a detailed
    installation guide to present a complete (but narrowly focused) and
    reliable installation process for a single
    <application>GNU/Linux</application> distribution. This document fills
    that need by providing a step-by-step guide through the installation of
    <application>Koha 2.0RC4</application> on a Debian <application>GNU/Linux
    3.0</application> "stable" (woody). Debian is the
    <application>GNU/Linux</application> distribution of choice for this guide
    because it is the operating system most commonly used among
    <application>Koha</application> developers and because, in many ways, the
    <application>Koha</application> project development model is taken from
    Debian's development model. Additionally, Debian's robust packaging system
    allows most of <application>Koha</application>'s dependencies to be
    installed quickly and easily with little or no configuration of the
    programs needed.</para>

    <para>Along the way, the manual also introduces information on server
    operation and maintenance: new users will learn some of the basic tricks
    and tools that <application>GNU/Linux</application> systems administrators
    use.</para>-->

    <section>
      <title>Prior Knowledge</title>

      <para>In this document I assume that you are running a standard
      installation of <application>Debian GNU/Linux 3.0</application> "stable"
      (woody). If you need help setting up Debian on your machine please see
      the Debian installation manual available from <ulink
      url="http://debian.org";>http://debian.org</ulink>.</para>

      <para>If you already have some knowledge about
      <application>Linux</application> or other Unices it will be easier to
      understand this manual, however, no intermediate steps are necessary
      subsequent to the installation of Debian before beginning the
      installation. This guide is a "cookbook" for installing
      <application>Koha</application> on Debian.</para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Before You Begin</title>

    <section>
      <title>Installation Environment</title>

      <para>It's generally a good idea to run <application>Koha</application>
      on it's own computer; however, if you only have one machine on which to
      work, running multiple programs (such as
      <application>X-Windows</application>, <application>KDE</application>,
      <application>Sendmail</application>, <application>Koha</application>,
      etc.) at the same time, shouldn't be a problem--things will just run
      slower. But keep in mind that it is not necessary to install a windowing
      system (<application>X-Windows</application>) to install
      <application>Koha</application>: installing
      <application>Koha</application> is done entirely from the command line.
      In fact, <application>Koha</application> will run much faster if only
      the programs necessary for its operation are installed on the server.
      One reason that Debian <application>GNU/Linux</application> is a good
      choice as a platform for <application>Koha</application> is the
      availability of minimal bootable CD images which allow one to install a
      bare-bones but functional version. The minimal CD image fits on a 8 cm
      (3 inch) CD-R/RW (they'll also work on 12 cm/5 inch CD-R/RW media) and
      can be downloaded from <ulink
      
url="http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/";>http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/</ulink>.
      This manual is written for a Debian installation that was done using the
      <systemitem>LordSutch.com</systemitem> ISOLINUX mini-ISO image which can
      be downloaded directly from <ulink
      
url="http://www.phy.olemiss.edu/debian-cd/";>http://www.phy.olemiss.edu/debian-cd/</ulink>.</para>

      <para>A brief note about the Kernel version is in order. If you install
      Debian with the default 2.2 kernel (by pressing enter when booting off
      the minimal install CD) there will be some dependency problems later on
      in the install with the <application>Perl</application> module
      Net::Z3950 that I haven't taken the time to diagnose. To avoid that
      problem be sure to install Debian using the 2.4 kernel. To install using
      the 2.4 kernel press F3 when you boot off the minimal CD and follow the
      instructions for installing the 2.4 kernel (type
      <userinput>bf24</userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt and
      press enter). Note that you may need to manually select the right
      drivers for your network card using this kernel version.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Internet Connection</title>

      <para>This guide assumes that the <application>Koha</application> server
      has a dedicated Internet connection -- a high-speed connection is best.
      It is possible to install <application>Koha</application> without a
      dedicated Internet connection, but this guide does not go into how to do
      that.</para>

      <para>Note that if you have an Internet proxy you may have problems
      using the <command>CPAN</command> service (see below). Make sure that
      you <userinput>proxy except</userinput> the
      <application>Koha</application> server while using
      <command>CPAN</command>. If you don't have a proxy server setup one set
      up it may be your ISP. If you want to check whether there is a HTTP
      proxy between you and the Internet you can try out this test site:
      <ulink
      
url="http://www.lagado.com/proxy-test";>http://www.lagado.com/proxy-test</ulink>.
      Running this test from any workstation on your network, you should be
      able to tell whether your network is being proxied (although sometimes
      the test won't find well configured proxies). If your <application>Koha
      </application>server is on the same LAN as your workstation, there's a
      good chance that it's being <application>proxied</application> as
      well.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Selecting a Connection Method</title>

      <para>If the machine on which you will install
      <application>Koha</application> is nearby you can log in locally to
      perform the install. But most folks find it more convenient to log in
      remotely using an <command>SSH </command>or a <command>Telnet</command>
      client. If you are running <application>Windows</application> you can
      start <command>Telnet</command> by clicking
      <userinput>Start-&gt;Run</userinput> from the start menu and typing
      <userinput>telnet</userinput>. Or you can download the free
      <command>SSH</command> program
      <command><application>PuTTy</application></command> from <ulink
      
url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html";>http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html</ulink>.
      <command>SSH</command> is a more secure and robust terminal emulator
      standard and is a better choice.</para>

      <para>For many of the commands it will be necessary to have super user
      privileges on the <application>Koha</application> server. However, it's
      generally not a good idea to log into your server directly as the root
      user. It's better to use the <command>su</command> utility to allow your
      regular user to obtain superuser privileges. For example:
      <literallayout>     address@hidden:~$ su
     password:
     koha:/home/jmf#</literallayout>The <prompt>#</prompt> tells you that your
      have root privileges. If you want to return to your regular user type
      <userinput>exit</userinput>.</para>

      <section>
        <title>Installing the SSH Server</title>

        <para>In order to log in to your server via <command>SSH</command> it
        is necessary to install it on the server. Most of the software written
        for <application>GNU/Linux</application> (including several
        <command>SSH</command> servers and clients) has been packaged by the
        Debian project and can be installed via the Internet using packaging
        system utilities such as <command>apt-get</command>. To install the
        <command>SSH</command> server, log in to the server, obtain root
        privileges and type:<literallayout>     koha:/# apt-get install 
ssh</literallayout>The
        packaging system will download the package and install and configure
        <command>SSH</command> on your server. Follow the directions (default
        answers are fine) and select "yes" when you are asked whether you wish
        to install the <command>SSH</command> server as well as the
        client.</para>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Dependencies</title>

    <para><application>Koha</application> is built with a number of related
    open source web-based technologies which are sometimes designated with the
    acronym L.A.M.P. L.A.M.P. refers to <application>Linux</application> (the
    <application>GNU/Linux</application> operating system),
    <application>Apache</application> (a robust webserver application),
    <application>MySQL</application> (a Relational Database Management System
    using the SQL standard) and
    
<application>Perl</application>/<application>Python</application>/<application>PHP</application>
    (three common scripting languages). <application>Koha</application> was
    originally designed for a <application>GNU/Linux</application> system
    running <application>Apache</application> and
    <application>MySQL</application> and is written almost entirely in
    <application>Perl</application>. In order to install and use
    <application>Koha</application> it is necessary first to install and
    configure these dependencies.</para>

    <para>Part of the configuration of these dependencies includes installing
    dependencies of the dependencies.<footnote>
        <para>and the dependencies of the dependencies of the dependencies,
        and the...</para>
      </footnote><application>Koha</application> also uses several extended
    <application>Perl</application> modules not all of which are available
    through the Debian packaging system. So these modules must be installed
    using other methods. Fortunately, most of
    <application>Koha</application>'s dependencies either come bundled in a
    standard installation of Debian <application>GNU/Linux</application> or
    can be installed via the Internet using Debian's packaging system.</para>

    <section>
      <title>Perl</title>

      <para>The majority of <application>Koha</application> is written in
      <application>Perl</application> -- a high-level programming or scripting
      language. <application>Perl</application>'s functionality and usefulness
      has been extended and enhanced through the development and free
      distribution of modules (programming libraries) within the
      <application>Perl</application> community. The vast majority of these
      modules are available through the <application>Perl</application>
      Network <command>CPAN</command>. Others are available for download from
      the module developer's website or <command>ftp</command> server. Many of
      these modules have also been packaged directly into Debian's packaging
      system.</para>

      <para><application>Koha</application> relies on several of these
      extended module libraries for it's functions and getting all of these
      modules set up can be the most challenging part of the
      <application>Koha</application> installation. First though,
      <application>Perl</application> itself needs to be installed. We can do
      this using Debian's <command>apt-get</command> utility.</para>

      <para>Log in to the server via <command>SSH</command> as a regular user,
      obtain superuser privileges and type:<literallayout>     koha:/# apt-get 
install perl</literallayout>The
      packaging system will download and configure
      <application>Perl</application> for your system. You can safely answer
      any questions the packaging system asks with the default answers.</para>

      <section>
        <title>Installing Perl modules available through apt-get</title>

        <para>Several of <application>Perl</application>'s extended module
        libraries are available via the Debian packaging system. We can
        install those using the <command>apt-get</command> utility as
        follows:<literallayout>     koha:/# apt-get install libdbi-perl
     koha:/# apt-get install libdbd-mysql-perl
     koha:/# apt-get install libdate-manip-perl
     koha:/# apt-get install libhtml-template-perl
     koha:/# apt-get install libmail-sendmail-perl</literallayout></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Preparing to use CPAN</title>

        <para>One of the advantages to using Debian's packaging system is that
        all the dependencies of a program are automatically installed and
        configured -- this even applies to the <application>Perl</application>
        modules we just installed. However, the remaining
        <application>Perl</application> modules are not available via Debian's
        packaging system. But they are available on the
        <application>Perl</application> network <command>CPAN</command>.
        <application>Perl</application> has a utility that can be run to
        automatically install modules from <command>CPAN</command> and it's
        pretty good about keeping track of dependencies within
        <application>Perl</application> itself,<footnote>
            <para>i.e., some modules in <application>Perl</application> rely
            on other modules and <application>Perl</application> will make
            sure they are installed correctly.</para>
          </footnote> but it cannot handle dependencies outside the
        <application>Perl</application> base. So before we can install these
        modules we need to install their dependencies which are outside of
        <application>Perl</application>.</para>

        <para>Fortunately all of the dependencies for the
        <application>Perl</application> modules (and for the
        <application>Perl</application> <command>CPAN</command> utility) can
        be installed using Debian's packaging system. Type the following after
        logging in and obtaining superuser privileges:<literallayout>     
koha:/# apt-get install unzip
     koha:/# apt-get install make
     koha:/# apt-get install lynx
     koha:/# apt-get install wget
     koha:/# apt-get install ncftp
     koha:/# apt-get install ftp
     koha:/# apt-get install less
     koha:/# apt-get install gcc</literallayout></para>

        <para>It's also a good idea to make sure that the server has the
        correct time as <application>Perl</application>'s
        <command>CPAN</command> utility sometimes gets cranky when the time is
        wrong. One way to do this is to install a utility called
        <command>ntpdate</command>. <command>ntpdate</command> will query any
        of a number of accurate time servers around the world and reset the
        machine's clock to the correct time. You can install
        <command>ntpdate</command> using
        <command>apt-get</command>:<literallayout>     koha:/# apt-get install 
ntpdate</literallayout>During
        the configuration of <command>ntpdate</command> you will be asked to
        enter a time server to query for the correct time information. There
        is a list of time servers on the Internet at <ulink
        
url="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/clock2a.html";>http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/clock2a.html</ulink>
        You can find the time server closest to you and enter either its IP
        address or domain name when prompted. If you misstype you can always
        run the <command>nptdate</command> utility from the command line. For
        instance, I run<literallayout>     koha:/# ntpdate 
198.82.162.213</literallayout>periodically
        to set the time on my computer.<footnote>
            <para>You can also run <command>ntpdate</command> and other
            periodic server tasks automatically using a utility called
            <command>cron</command>. For more information see the
            <command>man</command> page for <command>cron</command>.</para>
          </footnote></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Configuring Perl's CPAN utility while installing
        MARC::Record</title>

        <para>The first time you use <application>Perl</application>'s
        <command>CPAN</command> utility it will configure itself. So we can
        start that process by telling <application>Perl</application> to
        install the MARC::Record module from the <command>CPAN</command>
        network:<literallayout>     koha:/# perl -MCPAN -e 'install 
"MARC::Record"'</literallayout>You
        should get the following message:<literallayout>     
/usr/share/perl/5.6.1/CPAN/Config.pm initialized.

     CPAN is the world-wide archive of perl resources. It 
     consists of about 100 sites that all replicate the same
     contents all around the globe.  Many countries have at
     least one CPAN site already. The resources found on CPAN
     are easily accessible with the CPAN.pm module. If you want
     to use CPAN.pm, you have to configure it properly.

     If you do not want to enter a dialog now, you can answer
     'no' to this question and I'll try to autoconfigure. (Note:
     you can revisit this dialog anytime later by typing 'o conf
     init' at the cpan prompt.)

     Are you ready for manual configuration? [yes]</literallayout></para>

        <para>The setup process will take a while. It should be safe to answer
        all the questions with the default answers. You can safely ignore the
        utilities' attempts to get you to upgrade or install other
        <application>Perl</application> modules but you should allow it to
        prepend prerequisites. You can also set it to automatically build
        <application>Perl</application> prerequisites without asking by typing
        <userinput>follow</userinput> at the following prompt:<literallayout>   
  The CPAN module can detect when a module that which you are
     trying to build depends on prerequisites. If this happens,
     it can build the prerequisites for you automatically
     ('follow'), ask you for confirmation ('ask'), or just
     ignore them ('ignore'). Please set your policy to one of
     the three values.

     Policy on building prerequisites (follow, ask or ignore)? 
     [ask]</literallayout>Eventually you may get the following
        message:<literallayout>     Please check, if the URLs I found in your 
configuration
     file () are valid.  The urllist can be edited. E.g. with
     'o conf urllist push ftp://myurl/'
     
     Could not fetch MIRRORED.BY
     CPAN.pm needs at least one URL where it can fetch CPAN 
     files from.

     Please enter your CPAN site: []</literallayout>You can enter the
        following sites thusly:<literallayout>     Please enter your CPAN site: 
[] ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
     Enter another URL or RETURN to quit: [] ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
     Enter another URL or RETURN to quit: [] 
ftp://cpan.pair.com/</literallayout></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>The Yaz Toolkit</title>

        <para>As long as everything went smoothly with the
        <command>CPAN</command> installation, <application>Perl</application>
        should finish the install and return you to the command prompt. We're
        almost ready to install the remaining <application>Perl</application>
        modules but one of them, namely Net::Z3950, has a non-Perl dependency
        that we need to install first called
        <application>Yaz</application>.</para>

        <para>Unfortunately, <application>Yaz</application> was not packaged
        into the version of Debian we are using. However, the folks at
        Indexdata (<ulink
        url="http://indexdata.dk";>http://indexdata.dk</ulink>) have provided a
        package feed wherby it can be downloaded. But we have to do some
        configuration of our packaging system to use their feed. As root (use
        <command>su</command>) open the
        <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file using the
        <command>vim</command> editor (or the editor of your choice; for a
        manual on using the <command>vi</command> editor see <ulink
        
url="http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/Tutor/vi.html";>http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/Tutor/vi.html</ulink>).<literallayout>
     address@hidden:/~$ su
     Password:
     koha:/home/jmf# vim /etc/apt/sources.list</literallayout></para>

        <para>This file contains a list of all the feeds that we are using for
        our packaging system. You will want to add the following lines to the
        top of the file:<literallayout>     # for Yaz Toolkit
     deb http://www.indexdata.dk/debian indexdata/woody released
     deb-src http://www.indexdata.dk/debian indexdata/woody 
released</literallayout></para>

        <para>Now save the file and run<literallayout>     koha:/# apt-get 
update</literallayout>
        If you get an error message try running <userinput>apt-get
        update</userinput> again. If you keep getting errors check the
        spelling of the lines you just added in the
        <filename>sources.list</filename> file.</para>

        <para>Now run the following commands to install the
        <application>Yaz</application> toolkit:<literallayout>     koha:/# 
apt-get install libyaz-dev
     koha:/# apt-get install yaz-doc</literallayout></para>
      </section>

      <section>
        <title>Installing the remaining Perl modules</title>

        <para>At this point we can install the other
        <application>Perl</application> modules:<literallayout>     koha:/# 
perl -MCPAN -e 'install “Event”'
     koha:/# perl -MCPAN -e 'install “Net::Z3950”'
     koha:/# perl -MCPAN -e 'install “Digest::MD5”'</literallayout></para>

        <para>That should take care of the <application>Perl</application>
        installation and configuration as well as all the modules. If we left
        any <application>Perl</application> modules out
        <application>Koha</application> will warn us when we run the install
        script and will give instructions on how to install them.</para>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>MySQL</title>

      <para>For a database <application>Koha</application> uses
      <application>MySQL</application>—a free SQL-query-based Relational
      Database Management System. The installation and basic configuration of
      <application>MySQL</application> on a Debian system is quite simple.
      More advanced topics such as database optimization and
      <application>MySQL</application> administration are documented online at
      <ulink
      
url="http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/index.html";>http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/index.html</ulink>.
      It would be well worth your while to familiarize yourself with the basic
      functionality and behaviour that you can expect from
      <application>MySQL</application>. Chapter 5, <citetitle>Database
      Administration</citetitle>, is especially relevant for using
      <application>Koha</application>.</para>

      <section>
        <title>Installing and configuring MySQL</title>

        <para>Not surprisingly <application>MySQL</application> is available
        from Debian's packaging system:<literallayout>    koha:/# apt-get 
install mysql-server</literallayout>You
        can safely answer all the questions with the default answers. But you
        may want to select <userinput>yes</userinput> when prompted as to
        whether <application>MySQL</application> should start upon
        boot.</para>

        <para>It's a good idea to set the <application>MySQL</application>
        administrator password right away. You will need to have this password
        handy later in the installation so make sure you write it down. You
        can set the password from the command line thusly:<literallayout>    
koha:/# mysqladmin password [type your new password here]</literallayout>but
        leave out the brackets.</para>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Apache</title>

      <para>According to the <application>Apache</application> website,
      <application>Apache</application> has been the most popular web server
      on the Internet since April of 1996. Additionally, the October 2003
      <citetitle>Netcraft Web Server Survey</citetitle> found that over 64% of
      websites on the Internet use <application>Apache</application>, making
      it more popular than all other web servers combined. You can see the
      survey at <ulink
      url="http://news.netcraft.com/";>http://news.netcraft.com/</ulink>.
      Additionally, you can find out more about the Apache Software Foundation
      on their website at <ulink
      url="http://www.apache.org/";>http://www.apache.org/</ulink>.</para>

      <section>
        <title>Installing Apache</title>

        <para><application>Apache</application> can also be installed using
        <command>apt-get</command>:<literallayout>    koha:/# apt-get install 
apache</literallayout>We
        will have to configure <application>Apache</application> for
        <application>Koha</application> later on in the install, but for now
        you should know that <application>Apache</application>'s configuration
        files are kept in <filename>/etc/apache/httpd.conf</filename> and
        <application>Apache</application>'s log files are in
        <filename>/var/log/apache</filename>.</para>

        <para>Well, that's it, we've installed all the dependencies for
        <application>Koha</application>. The hardest part of the installation
        is over. Now you are ready to download <application>Koha</application>
        from <ulink url="http://www.koha.org";>http://www.koha.org</ulink> and
        install it following the directions in the
        <filename>INSTALL</filename> file.</para>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>
</article>