#[1]LilyPond — Notation Reference [2]D. LilyPond command index [3]Table of Contents [4]About This Document [5]A. Notation manual tables [6]E. LilyPond index [7]A.5 Predefined paper sizes [[8] << Notation manual tables ] [[9]Top][[10]Contents][[11]Index] [[12] Cheat sheet >> ] [[13] < Predefined paper sizes ] [[14] Up : Notation manual tables ] [[15] List of colors > ] A.6 MIDI instruments The following is a list of names that can be used for the midiInstrument property. Each is presented with its number among the General MIDI Standard’s 128 Program Numbers. 1. acoustic grand 2. bright acoustic 3. electric grand 4. honky-tonk 5. electric piano 1 6. electric piano 2 7. harpsichord 8. clav 9. celesta 10. glockenspiel 11. music box 12. vibraphone 13. marimba 14. xylophone 15. tubular bells 16. dulcimer 17. drawbar organ 18. percussive organ 19. rock organ 20. church organ 21. reed organ 22. accordion 23. harmonica 24. concertina 25. acoustic guitar (nylon) 26. acoustic guitar (steel) 27. electric guitar (jazz) 28. electric guitar (clean) 29. electric guitar (muted) 30. overdriven guitar 31. distorted guitar 32. guitar harmonics 33. acoustic bass 34. electric bass (finger) 35. electric bass (pick) 36. fretless bass 37. slap bass 1 38. slap bass 2 39. synth bass 1 40. synth bass 2 41. violin 42. viola 43. cello 44. contrabass 45. tremolo strings 46. pizzicato strings 47. orchestral harp 48. timpani 49. string ensemble 1 50. string ensemble 2 51. synthstrings 1 52. synthstrings 2 53. choir aahs 54. voice oohs 55. synth voice 56. orchestra hit 57. trumpet 58. trombone 59. tuba 60. muted trumpet 61. french horn 62. brass section 63. synthbrass 1 64. synthbrass 2 65. soprano sax 66. alto sax 67. tenor sax 68. baritone sax 69. oboe 70. english horn 71. bassoon 72. clarinet 73. piccolo 74. flute 75. recorder 76. pan flute 77. blown bottle 78. shakuhachi 79. whistle 80. ocarina 81. lead 1 (square) 82. lead 2 (sawtooth) 83. lead 3 (calliope) 84. lead 4 (chiff) 85. lead 5 (charang) 86. lead 6 (voice) 87. lead 7 (fifths) 88. lead 8 (bass+lead) 89. pad 1 (new age) 90. pad 2 (warm) 91. pad 3 (polysynth) 92. pad 4 (choir) 93. pad 5 (bowed) 94. pad 6 (metallic) 95. pad 7 (halo) 96. pad 8 (sweep) 97. fx 1 (rain) 98. fx 2 (soundtrack) 99. fx 3 (crystal) 100. fx 4 (atmosphere) 101. fx 5 (brightness) 102. fx 6 (goblins) 103. fx 7 (echoes) 104. fx 8 (sci-fi) 105. sitar 106. banjo 107. shamisen 108. koto 109. kalimba 110. bagpipe 111. fiddle 112. shanai 113. tinkle bell 114. agogo 115. steel drums 116. woodblock 117. taiko drum 118. melodic tom 119. synth drum 120. reverse cymbal 121. guitar fret noise 122. breath noise 123. seashore 124. bird tweet 125. telephone ring 126. helicopter 127. applause 128. gunshot The drum kits listed below are also possible. 1. standard kit 9. room kit 17. power kit 25. electronic kit 26. tr-808 kit 33. jazz kit 41. brush kit 49. orchestra kit 57. sfx kit 128. mt-32 kit/cm-64 kit __________________________________________________________________ [[16] << Notation manual tables ] [[17]Top][[18]Contents][[19]Index] [[20] Cheat sheet >> ] [[21] < Predefined paper sizes ] [[22] Up : Notation manual tables ] [[23] List of colors > ] [24]<< Back to Documentation Index [25]LilyPond — Notation Reference * [26]1. Musical notation + [27]1.1 Pitches o [28]1.1.1 Writing pitches # [29]Absolute octave entry # [30]Relative octave entry # [31]Accidentals # [32]Note names in other languages o [33]1.1.2 Changing multiple pitches # [34]Octave checks # [35]Transpose # [36]Inversion # [37]Retrograde # [38]Modal transformations o [39]1.1.3 Displaying pitches # [40]Clef # [41]Key signature # [42]Ottava brackets # [43]Instrument transpositions # [44]Automatic accidentals # [45]Alternate accidental glyphs # [46]Ambitus o [47]1.1.4 Note heads # [48]Special note heads # [49]Easy notation note heads # [50]Shape note heads # [51]Improvisation + [52]1.2 Rhythms o [53]1.2.1 Writing rhythms # [54]Durations # [55]Tuplets # [56]Scaling durations # [57]Ties o [58]1.2.2 Writing rests # [59]Rests # [60]Invisible rests # [61]Full measure rests o [62]1.2.3 Displaying rhythms # [63]Time signature # [64]Metronome marks # [65]Upbeats # [66]Unmetered music # [67]Polymetric notation # [68]Automatic note splitting # [69]Showing melody rhythms o [70]1.2.4 Beams # [71]Automatic beams # [72]Setting automatic beam behavior # [73]Manual beams # [74]Feathered beams o [75]1.2.5 Bars # [76]Bar lines # [77]Automatic bar lines # [78]Bar numbers # [79]Bar and bar number checks # [80]Rehearsal marks # [81]Measure counts # [82]Section divisions o [83]1.2.6 Special rhythmic concerns # [84]Grace notes # [85]Aligning to cadenzas # [86]Time administration + [87]1.3 Expressive marks o [88]1.3.1 Expressive marks attached to notes # [89]Articulations and ornamentations # [90]Dynamics # [91]New dynamic marks o [92]1.3.2 Expressive marks as curves # [93]Slurs # [94]Phrasing slurs # [95]Breath marks # [96]Falls and doits o [97]1.3.3 Expressive marks as lines # [98]Glissando # [99]Arpeggio # [100]Trills + [101]1.4 Repeats o [102]1.4.1 Long repeats # [103]Written-out repeats # [104]Simple repeats # [105]Alternative endings # [106]Other variation in repeated sections # [107]In-staff segno # [108]Manual repeat marks o [109]1.4.2 Short repeats # [110]Percent repeats # [111]Tremolo repeats + [112]1.5 Simultaneous notes o [113]1.5.1 Single voice # [114]Chorded notes # [115]Chord repetition # [116]Simultaneous expressions # [117]Clusters o [118]1.5.2 Multiple voices # [119]Single-staff polyphony # [120]Voice styles # [121]Collision resolution # [122]Merging rests # [123]Automatic part combining # [124]Writing music in parallel + [125]1.6 Staff notation o [126]1.6.1 Displaying staves # [127]Instantiating new staves # [128]Grouping staves # [129]Nested staff groups # [130]Separating systems o [131]1.6.2 Modifying single staves # [132]Staff symbol # [133]Ossia staves # [134]Hiding staves o [135]1.6.3 Writing parts # [136]Instrument names # [137]Quoting other voices # [138]Formatting cue notes # [139]Compressing empty measures + [140]1.7 Editorial annotations o [141]1.7.1 Inside the staff # [142]Selecting notation font size # [143]Fingering instructions # [144]Gliding fingers # [145]Hidden notes # [146]Coloring objects # [147]Parentheses # [148]Stems o [149]1.7.2 Outside the staff # [150]Note names # [151]Balloon help # [152]Grid lines # [153]Analysis brackets + [154]1.8 Text o [155]1.8.1 Writing text # [156]Text objects overview # [157]Text scripts # [158]Text spanners # [159]Section labels # [160]Text marks # [161]Separate text o [162]1.8.2 Formatting text # [163]Text markup introduction # [164]Selecting font and font size # [165]Text alignment # [166]Graphic notation inside markup # [167]Music notation inside markup # [168]Multi-page markup o [169]1.8.3 Fonts # [170]Finding fonts # [171]Font families # [172]Font features # [173]Single entry fonts # [174]Entire document fonts # [175]Music fonts * [176]2. Specialist notation + [177]2.1 Vocal music o [178]2.1.1 Common notation for vocal music # [179]References for vocal music # [180]Entering lyrics # [181]Aligning lyrics to a melody # [182]Automatic syllable durations # [183]Manual syllable durations # [184]Multiple syllables to one note # [185]Multiple notes to one syllable # [186]Extenders and hyphens # [187]Gradual changes of vowel o [188]2.1.2 Techniques specific to lyrics # [189]Working with lyrics and variables # [190]Placing lyrics vertically # [191]Placing syllables horizontally # [192]Lyrics and repeats # [193]Divisi lyrics # [194]Polyphony with shared lyrics o [195]2.1.3 Stanzas # [196]Adding stanza numbers # [197]Adding dynamics marks to stanzas # [198]Adding singers’ names to stanzas # [199]Stanzas with different rhythms # [200]Printing stanzas at the end # [201]Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns o [202]2.1.4 Songs # [203]References for songs # [204]Lead sheets o [205]2.1.5 Choral # [206]References for choral # [207]Score layouts for choral o [208]2.1.6 Opera and stage musicals # [209]References for opera and stage musicals # [210]Character names # [211]Musical cues # [212]Spoken music # [213]Dialogue over music o [214]2.1.7 Chants psalms and hymns # [215]References for chants and psalms # [216]Setting a chant # [217]Pointing a psalm # [218]Partial measures in hymn tunes o [219]2.1.8 Ancient vocal music + [220]2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments o [221]2.2.1 Common notation for keyboards # [222]References for keyboards # [223]Changing staff manually # [224]Changing staff automatically # [225]Staff-change lines o [226]2.2.2 Piano # [227]Piano pedals o [228]2.2.3 Accordion # [229]Discant symbols o [230]2.2.4 Harp # [231]References for harps # [232]Harp pedals + [233]2.3 Unfretted string instruments o [234]2.3.1 Common notation for unfretted strings # [235]References for unfretted strings # [236]Bowing indications # [237]Harmonics # [238]Snap (Bartók) pizzicato + [239]2.4 Fretted string instruments o [240]2.4.1 Common notation for fretted strings # [241]References for fretted strings # [242]String number indications # [243]Default tablatures # [244]Custom tablatures # [245]Fret diagram markups # [246]Predefined fret diagrams # [247]Automatic fret diagrams # [248]Right-hand fingerings o [249]2.4.2 Guitar # [250]Indicating position and barring # [251]Indicating harmonics and dampened notes # [252]Indicating power chords o [253]2.4.3 Banjo # [254]Banjo tablatures o [255]2.4.4 Lute # [256]Lute tablatures + [257]2.5 Percussion o [258]2.5.1 Common notation for percussion # [259]References for percussion # [260]Basic percussion notation # [261]Drum rolls # [262]Pitched percussion # [263]Percussion staves # [264]Custom percussion staves # [265]Ghost notes + [266]2.6 Wind instruments o [267]2.6.1 Common notation for wind instruments # [268]References for wind instruments # [269]Fingerings o [270]2.6.2 Bagpipes # [271]Bagpipe definitions # [272]Bagpipe example o [273]2.6.3 Woodwinds # [274]2.6.3.1 Woodwind diagrams + [275]2.7 Chord notation o [276]2.7.1 Chord mode # [277]Chord mode overview # [278]Common chords # [279]Extended and altered chords # [280]Chord inversions and specific voicings o [281]2.7.2 Displaying chords # [282]Printing chord names # [283]Customizing chord names o [284]2.7.3 Figured bass # [285]Introduction to figured bass # [286]Entering figured bass # [287]Displaying figured bass + [288]2.8 Contemporary music o [289]2.8.1 Pitch and harmony in contemporary music # [290]References for pitch and harmony in contemporary music # [291]Microtonal notation # [292]Contemporary key signatures and harmony o [293]2.8.2 Contemporary approaches to rhythm # [294]References for contemporary approaches to rhythm # [295]Tuplets in contemporary music # [296]Contemporary time signatures # [297]Extended polymetric notation # [298]Beams in contemporary music # [299]Bar lines in contemporary music o [300]2.8.3 Graphical notation o [301]2.8.4 Contemporary scoring techniques o [302]2.8.5 New instrumental techniques o [303]2.8.6 Further reading and scores of interest # [304]Books and articles on contemporary musical notation # [305]Scores and musical examples + [306]2.9 Ancient notation o [307]2.9.1 Overview of the supported styles o [308]2.9.2 Ancient notation—common features # [309]Pre-defined contexts # [310]Ligatures # [311]Custodes o [312]2.9.3 Typesetting mensural music # [313]Mensural contexts # [314]Mensural clefs # [315]Mensural time signatures # [316]Mensural note heads # [317]Mensural flags # [318]Mensural rests # [319]Mensural accidentals and key signatures # [320]Annotational accidentals (musica ficta) # [321]White mensural ligatures o [322]2.9.4 Typesetting Gregorian chant # [323]Gregorian chant contexts # [324]Gregorian clefs # [325]Gregorian accidentals and key signatures # [326]Divisiones # [327]Gregorian articulation signs # [328]Augmentum dots (morae) # [329]Gregorian square neume ligatures o [330]2.9.5 Typesetting Kievan square notation # [331]Kievan contexts # [332]Kievan clefs # [333]Kievan notes # [334]Kievan accidentals # [335]Kievan bar line # [336]Kievan melismata o [337]2.9.6 Working with ancient music—scenarios and solutions # [338]Incipits # [339]Mensurstriche layout # [340]Transcribing Gregorian chant # [341]Ancient and modern from one source + [342]2.10 World music o [343]2.10.1 Common notation for non-Western music # [344]Extending notation and tuning systems o [345]2.10.2 Arabic music # [346]References for Arabic music # [347]Arabic note names # [348]Arabic key signatures # [349]Arabic time signatures # [350]Arabic music example # [351]Further reading for Arabic music o [352]2.10.3 Turkish classical music # [353]References for Turkish classical music # [354]Turkish note names # [355]Turkish key signatures # [356]Further reading for Turkish music o [357]2.10.4 Persian classical music # [358]Persian music notation # [359]Persian tunings # [360]Persian key signatures # [361]Further reading on Persian music * [362]3. General input and output + [363]3.1 Input structure o [364]3.1.1 Structure of a score o [365]3.1.2 Multiple scores in a book o [366]3.1.3 Multiple output files from one input file o [367]3.1.4 Output file names o [368]3.1.5 File structure + [369]3.2 Titles and headers o [370]3.2.1 Creating titles headers and footers # [371]Titles explained # [372]Default layout of bookpart and score titles # [373]Default layout of headers and footers o [374]3.2.2 Custom titles headers and footers # [375]Custom text formatting for titles # [376]Custom layout for titles # [377]Custom layout for headers and footers o [378]3.2.3 Creating output file metadata o [379]3.2.4 Creating footnotes # [380]Footnotes in music expressions # [381]Footnotes in stand-alone text o [382]3.2.5 Reference to page numbers o [383]3.2.6 Table of contents + [384]3.3 Working with input files o [385]3.3.1 Including LilyPond files o [386]3.3.2 Different editions from one source # [387]Using variables # [388]Using tags # [389]Using global settings o [390]3.3.3 Special characters # [391]Text encoding # [392]Unicode # [393]ASCII aliases + [394]3.4 Controlling output o [395]3.4.1 Extracting fragments of music o [396]3.4.2 Skipping corrected music o [397]3.4.3 Alternative output formats # [398]SVG Output o [399]3.4.4 Replacing the notation font + [400]3.5 Creating MIDI output o [401]3.5.1 Supported notation for MIDI o [402]3.5.2 Unsupported notation for MIDI o [403]3.5.3 The MIDI block o [404]3.5.4 Controlling MIDI dynamics # [405]Dynamic marks in MIDI # [406]Setting MIDI volume # [407]Setting MIDI block properties o [408]3.5.5 Using MIDI instruments o [409]3.5.6 Using repeats with MIDI o [410]3.5.7 MIDI channel mapping o [411]3.5.8 Context properties for MIDI effects o [412]3.5.9 Enhancing MIDI output # [413]The ‘articulate’ script # [414]The ‘swing’ script + [415]3.6 Extracting musical information o [416]3.6.1 Displaying LilyPond notation o [417]3.6.2 Displaying scheme music expressions o [418]3.6.3 Saving music events to a file * [419]4. Spacing issues + [420]4.1 Page layout o [421]4.1.1 The \paper block o [422]4.1.2 Paper size and automatic scaling # [423]Setting the paper size # [424]Automatic scaling to paper size o [425]4.1.3 Fixed vertical spacing \paper variables o [426]4.1.4 Flexible vertical spacing \paper variables # [427]Structure of flexible vertical spacing alists # [428]List of flexible vertical spacing \paper variables o [429]4.1.5 Horizontal spacing \paper variables # [430]\paper variables for widths and margins # [431]\paper variables for two-sided mode # [432]\paper variables for shifts and indents o [433]4.1.6 Other \paper variables # [434]\paper variables for line breaking # [435]\paper variables for page breaking # [436]\paper variables for page numbering # [437]\paper variables concerning headers and markups # [438]\paper variables for debugging + [439]4.2 Score layout o [440]4.2.1 The \layout block o [441]4.2.2 Setting the staff size + [442]4.3 Breaks o [443]4.3.1 Line breaking o [444]4.3.2 Page breaking # [445]Manual page breaking # [446]Optimal page breaking # [447]Minimal page breaking # [448]One-page page breaking # [449]One-line page breaking # [450]One-line-auto-height page breaking # [451]Optimal page turning + [452]4.4 Vertical spacing o [453]4.4.1 Flexible vertical spacing within systems # [454]Within-system spacing properties # [455]Spacing of ungrouped staves # [456]Spacing of grouped staves # [457]Spacing of non-staff lines o [458]4.4.2 Explicit staff and system positioning o [459]4.4.3 Vertical collision avoidance + [460]4.5 Horizontal spacing o [461]4.5.1 Horizontal spacing overview o [462]4.5.2 New spacing section o [463]4.5.3 Changing horizontal spacing # [464]Uniform stretching of tuplets # [465]Strict note spacing o [466]4.5.4 Line width o [467]4.5.5 Proportional notation + [468]4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages o [469]4.6.1 Displaying spacing o [470]4.6.2 Changing spacing * [471]5. Changing defaults + [472]5.1 Interpretation contexts o [473]5.1.1 Contexts explained # [474]Output definitions – blueprints for contexts # [475]Score – the master of all contexts # [476]Top-level contexts – staff containers # [477]Intermediate-level contexts – staves # [478]Bottom-level contexts – voices o [479]5.1.2 Creating and referencing contexts o [480]5.1.3 Keeping contexts alive o [481]5.1.4 Modifying context plug-ins o [482]5.1.5 Changing context default settings # [483]Changing all contexts of the same type # [484]Changing just one specific context # [485]Order of precedence o [486]5.1.6 Defining new contexts o [487]5.1.7 Context layout order + [488]5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference o [489]5.2.1 Navigating the program reference o [490]5.2.2 Layout interfaces o [491]5.2.3 Determining the grob property o [492]5.2.4 Naming conventions + [493]5.3 Modifying properties o [494]5.3.1 Overview of modifying properties o [495]5.3.2 The \set command o [496]5.3.3 The \override command o [497]5.3.4 The \tweak command o [498]5.3.5 \set vs. \override o [499]5.3.6 The \offset command o [500]5.3.7 Modifying alists + [501]5.4 Useful concepts and properties o [502]5.4.1 Input modes o [503]5.4.2 Direction and placement # [504]Articulation direction indicators # [505]The direction property o [506]5.4.3 Distances and measurements o [507]5.4.4 Dimensions o [508]5.4.5 Staff symbol properties o [509]5.4.6 Spanners # [510]Using the spanner-interface # [511]Using the line-spanner-interface o [512]5.4.7 Visibility of objects # [513]Removing the stencil # [514]Making objects transparent # [515]Painting objects white # [516]Using break-visibility # [517]Special considerations o [518]5.4.8 Line styles o [519]5.4.9 Rotating objects # [520]Rotating layout objects # [521]Rotating markup + [522]5.5 Advanced tweaks o [523]5.5.1 Aligning objects # [524]Setting X-offset and Y-offset directly # [525]Using the side-position-interface # [526]Using the self-alignment-interface # [527]Using the break-alignable-interface o [528]5.5.2 Vertical grouping of grobs o [529]5.5.3 Modifying stencils o [530]5.5.4 Modifying shapes # [531]Modifying ties and slurs o [532]5.5.5 Modifying broken spanners # [533]Using \alterBroken o [534]5.5.6 Unpure-pure containers + [535]5.6 Using music functions o [536]5.6.1 Substitution function syntax o [537]5.6.2 Substitution function examples * [538]A. Notation manual tables + [539]A.1 Chord name chart + [540]A.2 Common chord modifiers + [541]A.3 Predefined string tunings + [542]A.4 Predefined fretboard diagrams o [543]Diagrams for Guitar o [544]Diagrams for Ukulele o [545]Diagrams for Mandolin + [546]A.5 Predefined paper sizes + [547]A.6 MIDI instruments + [548]A.7 List of colors + [549]A.8 The Emmentaler font o [550]Clef glyphs o [551]Time Signature glyphs o [552]Number glyphs o [553]Accidental glyphs o [554]Default Notehead glyphs o [555]Special Notehead glyphs o [556]Shape-note Notehead glyphs o [557]Rest glyphs o [558]Flag glyphs o [559]Dot glyphs o [560]Dynamic glyphs o [561]Script glyphs o [562]Arrowhead glyphs o [563]Bracket-tip glyphs o [564]Pedal glyphs o [565]Accordion glyphs o [566]Tie glyphs o [567]Vaticana glyphs o [568]Medicaea glyphs o [569]Hufnagel glyphs o [570]Mensural glyphs o [571]Neomensural glyphs o [572]Petrucci glyphs o [573]Solesmes glyphs o [574]Kievan Notation glyphs + [575]A.9 Note head styles + [576]A.10 Accidental glyph sets + [577]A.11 Clef styles o [578]Standard clefs o [579]Percussion staff clef o [580]Tab staff clefs o [581]Ancient music clefs # [582]Gregorian # [583]Mensural # [584]Kievan + [585]A.12 Text markup commands o [586]A.12.1 Font o [587]A.12.2 Align o [588]A.12.3 Graphic o [589]A.12.4 Music o [590]A.12.5 Conditionals o [591]A.12.6 Instrument Specific Markup o [592]A.12.7 Accordion Registers o [593]A.12.8 Other + [594]A.13 Text markup list commands + [595]A.14 List of special characters + [596]A.15 List of articulations o [597]Articulation scripts o [598]Ornament scripts o [599]Fermata scripts o [600]Instrument-specific scripts o [601]Repeat sign scripts o [602]Ancient scripts + [603]A.16 Percussion notes + [604]A.17 Default values for outside-staff-priority + [605]A.18 Technical glossary o [606]alist o [607]callback o [608]closure o [609]glyph o [610]grob o [611]immutable o [612]interface o [613]lexer o [614]mutable o [615]output-def o [616]parser o [617]parser variable o [618]prob o [619]smob o [620]stencil + [621]A.19 Available music functions + [622]A.20 Context modification identifiers + [623]A.21 Predefined type predicates o [624]R5RS primary predicates o [625]R5RS secondary predicates o [626]Guile predicates o [627]LilyPond scheme predicates o [628]LilyPond exported predicates * [629]B. Cheat sheet * [630]C. GNU Free Documentation License * [631]D. LilyPond command index * [632]E. LilyPond index ____________________ References 1. file:///tmp/index.html#index 2. file:///tmp/lilypond-command-index.html#lilypond-command-index 3. file:///tmp/index_toc.html#SEC_Contents 4. file:///tmp/index_abt.html#SEC_About 5. file:///tmp/notation-manual-tables.html#notation-manual-tables 6. file:///tmp/lilypond-index.html#lilypond-index 7. file:///tmp/predefined-paper-sizes.html#predefined-paper-sizes 8. file:///tmp/notation-manual-tables.html 9. file:///tmp/index.html 10. file:///tmp/index_toc.html#SEC_Contents 11. file:///tmp/lilypond-command-index.html 12. file:///tmp/cheat-sheet.html 13. file:///tmp/predefined-paper-sizes.html 14. file:///tmp/notation-manual-tables.html 15. file:///tmp/list-of-colors.html 16. file:///tmp/notation-manual-tables.html 17. file:///tmp/index.html 18. file:///tmp/index_toc.html#SEC_Contents 19. file:///tmp/lilypond-command-index.html 20. file:///tmp/cheat-sheet.html 21. file:///tmp/predefined-paper-sizes.html 22. 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