Metronome Markings

[Aaron Dalton]

Try as I might, I cannot get a tempo marking to appear at the beginning 
of my piece.  I use versions 2.2.2 and 2.2.5.  I am referring to section 
3.7.4 of the documentation.  No matter where I put the "\tempo 4 = 144" 
line, I cannot get it to appear on the score.  Below is an excerpt of my 
score.  The ***** are places I have tried to put the \tempo command to 
no avail.  Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

Cheers!
Aaron

upper = \notes \relative f'' {
        ***** f1
}

lower = \notes \relative f' {
        ***** f1
}

\score {
        \notes {
                *****
                \new PianoStaff <<
                        \new Staff {
                                \clef treble
                                \time 4/4
                                \key f \major
                                *****
                                \upper
                        }
                        \new Staff {
                                \clef bass
                                \time 4/4
                                \key f \major
                                *****
                                \lower
                        }
                >>
        }
  \paper { ***** }
  \midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
}