\version "2.12.2"

% override default bar types to allow arbitrarily placed bar lines
#(define my-bar-glyph-alist
  '(
    ;; regular bar
    ("|" . ("|" . ()))
    ;; repetitions
    ("|:" . ("|" . "|:"))
    (":|" . (":|" . ()))
    (":|:" . (":|" . "|:"))
    ;; double lines
    ("||" . ("||" . ()))
    ;; double lines combined with repetitions
    ("||:" . ("||" . "|:"))
    (":||" . (":|" . "||"))
    ))

#(define (my-bar-line::calc-glyph-name grob)
  (let* (
          (index-cell (lambda (cell dir)
                        (if (equal? dir 1)
                            (cdr cell)
                            (car cell))))
          (glyph (ly:grob-property grob 'glyph))
          (dir (ly:item-break-dir grob))
          (result (assoc glyph  my-bar-glyph-alist))
          (glyph-name (if (= dir CENTER)
                        glyph
                        (if (and result (string? (index-cell (cdr result) dir)))
                            (index-cell (cdr result) dir)
                            #f)))
        )
  glyph-name
  ))


\new Score
{
        \new Staff
        {
            \override Staff.BarLine #'glyph-name = #my-bar-line::calc-glyph-name

            \bar "|:" g'1 \bar ":||" \break
            g'1 \bar "||" \break
        }
}