Re: [PATCH v5 03/18] pci: isolated address space for PCI bus

[Jag Raman]

> On Feb 10, 2022, at 6:17 PM, Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> 
> wrote:
> 
> On Thu, 10 Feb 2022 22:23:01 +0000
> Jag Raman <jag.raman@oracle.com> wrote:
> 
>>> On Feb 10, 2022, at 3:02 AM, Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>> On Thu, Feb 10, 2022 at 12:08:27AM +0000, Jag Raman wrote:  
>>>> 
>>>> Thanks for the explanation, Alex. Thanks to everyone else in the thread who
>>>> helped to clarify this problem.
>>>> 
>>>> We have implemented the memory isolation based on the discussion in the
>>>> thread. We will send the patches out shortly.
>>>> 
>>>> Devices such as “name" and “e1000” worked fine. But I’d like to note that
>>>> the LSI device (TYPE_LSI53C895A) had some problems - it doesn’t seem
>>>> to be IOMMU aware. In LSI’s case, the kernel driver is asking the device to
>>>> read instructions from the CPU VA (lsi_execute_script() -> read_dword()),
>>>> which is forbidden when IOMMU is enabled. Specifically, the driver is 
>>>> asking
>>>> the device to access other BAR regions by using the BAR address programmed
>>>> in the PCI config space. This happens even without vfio-user patches. For 
>>>> example,
>>>> we could enable IOMMU using “-device intel-iommu” QEMU option and also
>>>> adding the following to the kernel command-line: “intel_iommu=on 
>>>> iommu=nopt”.
>>>> In this case, we could see an IOMMU fault.  
>>> 
>>> So, device accessing its own BAR is different. Basically, these
>>> transactions never go on the bus at all, never mind get to the IOMMU.  
>> 
>> Hi Michael,
>> 
>> In LSI case, I did notice that it went to the IOMMU. The device is reading 
>> the BAR
>> address as if it was a DMA address.
>> 
>>> I think it's just used as a handle to address internal device memory.
>>> This kind of trick is not universal, but not terribly unusual.
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> Unfortunately, we started off our project with the LSI device. So that 
>>>> lead to all the
>>>> confusion about what is expected at the server end in-terms of
>>>> vectoring/address-translation. It gave an impression as if the request was 
>>>> still on
>>>> the CPU side of the PCI root complex, but the actual problem was with the
>>>> device driver itself.
>>>> 
>>>> I’m wondering how to deal with this problem. Would it be OK if we mapped 
>>>> the
>>>> device’s BAR into the IOVA, at the same CPU VA programmed in the BAR 
>>>> registers?
>>>> This would help devices such as LSI to circumvent this problem. One problem
>>>> with this approach is that it has the potential to collide with another 
>>>> legitimate
>>>> IOVA address. Kindly share your thought on this.
>>>> 
>>>> Thank you!  
>>> 
>>> I am not 100% sure what do you plan to do but it sounds fine since even
>>> if it collides, with traditional PCI device must never initiate cycles  
>> 
>> OK sounds good, I’ll create a mapping of the device BARs in the IOVA.
> 
> I don't think this is correct.  Look for instance at ACPI _TRA support
> where a system can specify a translation offset such that, for example,
> a CPU access to a device is required to add the provided offset to the
> bus address of the device.  A system using this could have multiple
> root bridges, where each is given the same, overlapping MMIO aperture.
> From the processor perspective, each MMIO range is unique and possibly
> none of those devices have a zero _TRA, there could be system memory at
> the equivalent flat memory address.
> 
> So if the transaction actually hits this bus, which I think is what
> making use of the device AddressSpace implies, I don't think it can
> assume that it's simply reflected back at itself.  Conventional PCI and
> PCI Express may be software compatible, but there's a reason we don't
> see IOMMUs that provide both translation and isolation in conventional
> topologies.
> 
> Is this more a bug in the LSI device emulation model?  For instance in
> vfio-pci, if I want to access an offset into a BAR from within QEMU, I
> don't care what address is programmed into that BAR, I perform an
> access relative to the vfio file descriptor region representing that
> BAR space.  I'd expect that any viable device emulation model does the
> same, an access to device memory uses an offset from an internal
> resource, irrespective of the BAR address.
> 
> It would seem strange if the driver is actually programming the device
> to DMA to itself and if that's actually happening, I'd wonder if this

It does look like the driver is actually programming the device to DMA to 
itself.

The driver first programs the DSP (DMA Scripts Pointer) register with the BAR
address. It does so by performing a series of MMIO writes (lsi_mmio_write())
to offsets 0x2C - 0x2F. Immediately after programming this register, the device
fetches some instructions located at the programmed address.

Thank you!
--
Jag

> driver is actually compatible with an IOMMU on bare metal.
> 
>>> within their own BAR range, and PCIe is software-compatible with PCI. So
>>> devices won't be able to access this IOVA even if it was programmed in
>>> the IOMMU.
>>> 
>>> As was mentioned elsewhere on this thread, devices accessing each
>>> other's BAR is a different matter.
>>> 
>>> I do not remember which rules apply to multiple functions of a
>>> multi-function device though. I think in a traditional PCI
>>> they will never go out on the bus, but with e.g. SRIOV they
>>> would probably do go out? Alex, any idea?
> 
> This falls under implementation specific behavior in the spec, IIRC.
> This is actually why IOMMU grouping requires ACS support on
> multi-function devices to clarify the behavior of p2p between functions
> in the same slot.  Thanks,
> 
> Alex
>