"No fonts match" error in Carbon Emacs, OS X 10.4.1

[Darin Franklin]

I am unable to get Carbon Emacs to run on OS X 10.4.1.  I get this  
error when I try to start it:

$ /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs
No fonts match `-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman'

I'm using the Carbon build of GNU Emacs 22.0.50.1 on OS X 10.4.1. I  
have the 2005-05-19 build from http://bluebeard.org/software/ 
emacs_osx/, but have also tried other builds.

I tried bypassing the init files, but that didn't help.
$ /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --no-init-file
No fonts match `-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman'

I tried --debug-init, but that doesn't produce any extra output.
$ /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --debug-init
No fonts match `-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman'

I tried using this as my ~/.emacs file, but I get the same error.
  (set-default-font "-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-14-*-*-*-*-*-macroman-1")
  (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-14-*- 
*-*-*-*-macroman-1"))

I tried this as my ~/.emacs file:
  (set-default-font "fontset-mac")
  (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "fontset-mac"))

I tried specifying the font name on the command line.
$ /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --font "-*-monaco-*-*- 
*-*-14-*-*-*-*-*-macroman-1"
No fonts match `-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman'

I tried using a bogus font name, but Emacs just ignores it.
$ /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --font "foobar"
No fonts match `-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman'

I read the PROBLEMS file at /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/ 
Resources/etc/PROBLEMS. It suggests to check the following files:
  ~/.Xdefaults
  ~/Emacs
  /usr/X11R6/lib/app-defaults/Emacs
  /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/Emacs.
I have none of those, but I doubt they are relevant anyway, since  
this is Carbon and not X11.

If the Carbon build does not use X11, where does it locate the  
fonts?  Why does it want this particular font name?  How do I force  
it to use a different font on startup?

I see that the name is hardcoded, so maybe that answers my second  
question.
$ strings /Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs | grep monaco
-*-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman

xfontsel shows that "-*-monaco-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-macroman-1" is a  
valid font name.  Note that the encoding is "macroman", not "mac- 
roman".  Could that be the problem?

Thanks for any suggestions you can provide.

Darin Franklin