Re: "COMMAND 2>&1 > PATH" doesn't work

[Eduardo A . Bustamante López]

On Sun, Dec 30, 2018 at 10:10:42PM +0100, Dušan Kreheľ wrote:
> Hello.
> 
> If I try in bash this command ex. "rmdir somethingA > somethingA.out
> 2>&1" work right. But, if I try "rmdir somethingB 2>&1 >
> somethingB.out" that work wrong.
> 
> That work's wrong in Bash version 4.4.23(1) and too in 5.0.0(1)-rc1:

Why do you expect these two to behave in the same way? They are clearly
distinct operations.


 COMMAND >FILE 2>&1

is not the same as:

 COMMAND 2>&1 >FILE

The order of redirections matter, they are processed left-to-right. Let's look
at these examples in more detail.


Example 1.

 COMMAND >FILE 2>&1

Let's break it down into tokens and see what happens at each step.

a) COMMAND

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> terminal
file descriptor 2 -> terminal

This is the "normal" state in an interactive shell, the three standard file
descriptors (input: 0, output: 1, and error: 2) are pointing to the terminal
device.

b) >FILE

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> FILE
file descriptor 2 -> terminal

The `>FILE' redirection is processed, causing file descriptor 1 (standard
output) to be directed to the file named `FILE'.

c) 2>&1

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> FILE
file descriptor 2 -> FILE

The `2>&1' redirection is processed, causing file descriptor 2 (the `2>' bit) to
be directed to "wherever-fd1-points-to" (i.e. the `&1' bit). FD1 currently
points to `FILE', so FD2 is updated to point to `FILE' too.


VS

Example 2.

 COMMAND 2>&1 FILE 

a) COMMAND

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> terminal
file descriptor 2 -> terminal

same as example 1.

b) 2>&1

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> terminal
file descriptor 2 -> terminal * no change

The `2>&1' redirection is processed, causing file descriptor 2 to be directed to
"wherever-fd1-points-to". FD1 currently points to the terminal. FD2 points to
the terminal too, so it stays the same.

c) >FILE

file descriptor 0 -> terminal
file descriptor 1 -> FILE
file descriptor 2 -> terminal

The `>FILE' redirection is processed, causing file descriptor 1 (standard
output) to be directed to the file named `FILE'.



So, this is not a bug. It's the expected behavior of redirections. If you want
to read more about it, I recommend:

- https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/055
- 
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_07