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[groff] 01/02: contrib: Migrate diagnostics away from `quotes'.


From: G. Branden Robinson
Subject: [groff] 01/02: contrib: Migrate diagnostics away from `quotes'.
Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2017 06:22:39 -0500 (EST)

gbranden pushed a commit to branch master
in repository groff.

commit 0c1dd1396fe295cd68a97c6b9c5025c77d7869af
Author: G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
Date:   Fri Nov 10 05:53:09 2017 -0500

    contrib: Migrate diagnostics away from `quotes'.
    
    Signed-off-by: G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
---
 ChangeLog                          |  4 ++
 contrib/chem/chem.pl               | 28 ++++++-------
 contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.sh         | 56 ++++++++++++-------------
 contrib/gdiffmk/tests/baseline.7   |  2 +-
 contrib/gdiffmk/tests/runtests.sh  |  2 +-
 contrib/glilypond/args.pl          | 38 ++++++++---------
 contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl     | 72 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl        | 30 +++++++-------
 contrib/glilypond/subs.pl          | 84 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 contrib/gperl/gperl.pl             | 10 ++---
 contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl         | 10 ++---
 contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl            |  2 +-
 contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl       | 42 +++++++++----------
 contrib/groffer/man.pl             |  6 +--
 contrib/groffer/roff2.pl           | 14 +++----
 contrib/groffer/subs.pl            |  6 +--
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff | 10 ++---
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in  |  2 +-
 contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in  |  2 +-
 contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u        |  6 +--
 contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u         | 44 ++++++++++----------
 contrib/mom/om.tmac-u              |  2 +-
 22 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 234 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 7017dff..68f6d99 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2017-11-10  G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
+
+       contrib: Migrate diagnostics away from `quotes'.
+
 2017-11-09  G. Branden Robinson <address@hidden>
 
        src: Migrate diagnostics away from `these quotes'.
diff --git a/contrib/chem/chem.pl b/contrib/chem/chem.pl
index 1a8b3cc..1fa55ed 100755
--- a/contrib/chem/chem.pl
+++ b/contrib/chem/chem.pl
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ my $Line = '';
     if ($line =~ /^[\.']\s*cstart\s*$/) {
       # line: `.cstart'
       if ($is_chem) {
-       &error("additional `.cstart'; chem is already active.");
+       &error("additional '.cstart'; chem is already active.");
        return 1;
       }
       unless ($is_pic) {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ my $Line = '';
       # line: `begin chem'
       if ($is_pic) {
        if ($is_chem) {
-         &error("additional `begin chem'; chem is already active.");
+         &error("additional 'begin chem'; chem is already active.");
          return 1;
        }
        $is_chem = 'begin chem';
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ my $Line = '';
     if ($line =~ /^[\.']\s*cend\s*/) {
       # line `.cend'
       if ($is_chem) {
-       &error("you end chem with `.cend', but started it with `begin chem'.")
+       &error("you end chem with '.cend', but started it with 'begin chem'.")
          if $is_chem eq 'begin chem';
        if ($is_pic eq 'by chem') {
          &print_pe();
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ my $Line = '';
     if ($line =~ /^\s*end\s*$/) {
       # line: `end'
       if ($is_chem) {
-       &error("you end chem with `end', but started it with `.cstart'.")
+       &error("you end chem with 'end', but started it with '.cstart'.")
          if $is_chem eq '.cstart';
        if ($is_pic eq 'by chem') {
          &print_pe();
@@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ my $Line = '';
 
     if ($Words[0] eq 'textht') {
       if ($#Words == 0) {
-       &error("`textht' needs a single argument.");
+       &error("'textht' needs a single argument.");
        return 0;
       }
-      &error("only the last argument is taken for `textht', " .
+      &error("only the last argument is taken for 'textht', " .
             "all others are ignored.")
        unless $#Words <= 1 or ($#Words == 2 && $Words[1] =~ /^=/);
       $Params{'textht'} = $Words[$#Words];
@@ -433,10 +433,10 @@ my $Line = '';
 ### main_line()
     if ($Words[0] eq 'cwid') { # character width
       if ($#Words == 0) {
-       &error("`cwid' needs a single argument.");
+       &error("'cwid' needs a single argument.");
        return 0;
       }
-      &error("only the last argument is taken for `cwid', " .
+      &error("only the last argument is taken for 'cwid', " .
             "all others are ignored.")
        unless $#Words <= 1 or ($#Words == 2 && $Words[1] =~ /^=/);
       $Params{'cwid'} = $Words[$#Words];
@@ -444,10 +444,10 @@ my $Line = '';
     }
     if ($Words[0] eq 'db') {   # bond length
       if ($#Words == 0) {
-       &error("`db' needs a single argument.");
+       &error("'db' needs a single argument.");
        return 0;
       }
-      &error("only the last argument is taken for `db', " .
+      &error("only the last argument is taken for 'db', " .
             "all others are ignored.")
        unless $#Words <= 1 or ($#Words == 2 && $Words[1] =~ /^=/);
       $Params{'db'} = $Words[$#Words];
@@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ my $Line = '';
     if ($Words[0] eq 'size') { # size for all parts of the whole diagram
       my $size;
       if ($#Words == 0) {
-       &error("`size' needs a single argument.");
+       &error("'size' needs a single argument.");
        return 0;
       }
-      &error("only the last argument is taken for `size', " .
+      &error("only the last argument is taken for 'size', " .
             "all others are ignored.")
        unless $#Words <= 1 or ($#Words == 2 && $Words[1] =~ /^=/);
       if ($Words[$#Words] <= 4) {
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ my $Line = '';
     return 1 unless $line;
 #    print STDERR "# $Line\n";
 #    &error('This is not a chem command.  To include a command for pic, ' .
-#         "add `pic' as the first word to the command.");
+#           "add 'pic' as the first word to the command.");
     print $line, "\n";
     $Last_Type = $Types{'OTHER'};
     1;
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ sub bond {
   $moiety = '';
   for ($i = 1; $i <= $#Words; $i++) {
     if ($Words[$i] eq ';') {
-      &error("a colon `;' must be followed by a space and a single word.")
+      &error("a colon ';' must be followed by a space and a single word.")
        if $i != $#Words - 1;
       $moiety = $Words[$i + 1] if $#Words > $i;
       $#Words = $i - 1;
diff --git a/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.sh b/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.sh
index a11c917..c606c94 100644
--- a/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.sh
+++ b/contrib/gdiffmk/gdiffmk.sh
@@ -31,31 +31,31 @@ Usage () {
 
 Usage:  ${CMD} [ OPTIONS ] FILE1 FILE2 [ OUTPUT ]
 Place difference marks into the new version of a groff/nroff/troff document.
-FILE1 and FILE2 are compared, using \`diff', and FILE2 is output with
-groff \`.mc' requests added to indicate how it is different from FILE1.
+FILE1 and FILE2 are compared, using 'diff', and FILE2 is output with
+groff '.mc' requests added to indicate how it is different from FILE1.
 
-  FILE1   Previous version of the groff file.  \`-' means standard input.
-  FILE2   Current version of the groff file.   \`-' means standard input.
+  FILE1   Previous version of the groff file.  '-' means standard input.
+  FILE2   Current version of the groff file.   '-' means standard input.
           Either FILE1 or FILE2 can be standard input, but not both.
-  OUTPUT  Copy of FILE2 with \`.mc' commands added.
-          \`-' means standard output (the default).
+  OUTPUT  Copy of FILE2 with '.mc' commands added.
+          '-' means standard output (the default).
           If the shell's 'test' does not support option -ef, OUTPUT
           can only be the standard output.
 
 OPTIONS:
-  -a ADDMARK     Mark for added groff source lines.    Default: \`+'.
-  -c CHANGEMARK  Mark for changed groff source lines.  Default: \`|'.
-  -d DELETEMARK  Mark for deleted groff source lines.  Default: \`*'.
+  -a ADDMARK     Mark for added groff source lines.    Default: '+'.
+  -c CHANGEMARK  Mark for changed groff source lines.  Default: '|'.
+  -d DELETEMARK  Mark for deleted groff source lines.  Default: '*'.
 
   -D             Show the deleted portions from changed and deleted text.
-                  Default delimiting marks:  \`[[' .... \`]]'.
-  -B             By default, the deleted texts marked by the \`-D' option end
-                  with an added troff \`.br' command.  This option prevents
-                  the added \`.br'.
-  -M MARK1 MARK2 Change the delimiting marks for the \`-D' option.
+                  Default delimiting marks:  '[[' .... ']]'.
+  -B             By default, the deleted texts marked by the '-D' option end
+                  with an added troff '.br' command.  This option prevents
+                  the added '.br'.
+  -M MARK1 MARK2 Change the delimiting marks for the '-D' option.
 
   -x DIFFCMD     Use a different diff(1) command;
-                  one that accepts the \`-Dname' option, such as GNU diff.
+                  one that accepts the '-Dname' option, such as GNU diff.
   -s SEDCMD      Use a different sed(1) command;
                   such as GNU sed.
   --version      Print version information on the standard output and exit.
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ FileRead () {
 
        if test ! -f "$2"
        then
-               Exit $1 "File \`$2' not found."
+               Exit $1 "File '$2' not found."
        fi
        if test ! -r "$2"
        then
-               Exit $1 "File \`$2' not readable."
+               Exit $1 "File '$2' not readable."
        fi
 }
 
@@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ FileCreate () {
        then
                if test ! -f "$2"
                then
-                       Exit $1 "File \`$2' not created; " \
-                         "Cannot write directory \``dirname "$2"`'."
+                       Exit $1 "File '$2' not created; " \
+                         "Cannot write directory '`dirname "$2"`'."
                fi
-               Exit $1 "File \`$2' not writeable."
+               Exit $1 "File '$2' not writeable."
        fi
 }
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ WouldClobber () {
                then
                        Exit 3 \
                        "The $2 and OUTPUT arguments both point to the same 
file," \
-                       "\`$1', and it would be overwritten."
+                       "'$1', and it would be overwritten."
                fi
        fi
 }
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ RequiresArgument () {
 
        if test $# -lt 2
        then
-               Exit 255 "Option \`$1' requires a value."
+               Exit 255 "Option '$1' requires a value."
        fi
 
        echo "$2"
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ do
                        shift
                if [ $# -lt 2 ]
                then
-                       Usage "Option \`-M' is missing the MARK2 value."
+                       Usage "Option '-M' is missing the MARK2 value."
                fi
                MARK2="$2"
                shift
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ do
                break
                ;;
        -*)
-               BADOPTION="${CMD}:  invalid option \`$1'"
+               BADOPTION="${CMD}:  invalid option '$1'"
                ;;
        *)
                break
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ do
 done
 
 ${DIFFCMD} -Dx /dev/null /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1  ||
-       Usage "The \`${DIFFCMD}' program does not accept"       \
-               "the required \`-Dname' option.
-Use GNU diff instead.  See the \`-x DIFFCMD' option.  You can also
+       Usage "The '${DIFFCMD}' program does not accept"        \
+               "the required '-Dname' option.
+Use GNU diff instead.  See the '-x DIFFCMD' option.  You can also
 install GNU diff as gdiff on your system"
 
 if test -n "${BADOPTION}"
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ fi
 
 if test "1$1" = "1-"  -a  "2$2" = "2-"
 then
-       Usage "Both FILE1 and FILE2 are \`-'."
+       Usage "Both FILE1 and FILE2 are '-'."
 fi
 
 FILE1="$1"
diff --git a/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/baseline.7 b/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/baseline.7
index 9d2c8dc..df23363 100644
--- a/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/baseline.7
+++ b/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/baseline.7
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 gdiffmk:  The FILE2 and OUTPUT arguments both point to the same file,
-gdiffmk:  `tmp_file.7', and it would be overwritten.
+gdiffmk:  'tmp_file.7', and it would be overwritten.
diff --git a/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/runtests.sh 
b/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/runtests.sh
index c565364..7825b71 100755
--- a/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/runtests.sh
+++ b/contrib/gdiffmk/tests/runtests.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ case "$#-$1" in
        ;;
 * )
        echo >&2 "$0 [ clean | run ]
-Run a few simple tests on \`${command}'."'
+Run a few simple tests on '${command}'."'
 
 clean  Remove the result? and tmp_file? files.
 run    Run the tests.
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/args.pl b/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
index 794e7ad..be947e8 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/args.pl
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ my $split_short = sub {
        my $c = shift @chars;
 
        unless ( exists $short_opts{$c} ) {
-        $stderr->print( "Unknown short option `-$c'." );
+        $stderr->print( "Unknown short option '-$c'." );
         next CHARS;
        }
 
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ my $split_long = sub {
     } # end of if %opts_with_arg
 
     # not with and without option, so is not permitted
-    $stderr->print( "`" . $transopt .
-                   "' is unknown long option from `" . $from_arg . "'" );
+    $stderr->print( "'" . $transopt .
+                   "' is unknown long option from '" . $from_arg . "'" );
     return TRUE; # use `next SPLIT' afterwards
   } # end of for N
   return FALSE; # do nothing
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ sub run_first {
   }                            # end of foreach SPLIT
 
                                # all args are considered
-  $stderr->print( "Option `$has_arg' needs an argument." )
+  $stderr->print( "Option '$has_arg' needs an argument." )
     if ( $has_arg );
 
 
@@ -365,8 +365,8 @@ sub install_verbose {
       }
     }
     # verbose output is now active (into STDERR)
-    $v->print( "Option `-v' means `--verbose'." );
-    $v->print( "Version information is printed by option `--version'." );
+    $v->print( "Option '-v' means '--verbose'." );
+    $v->print( "Version information is printed by option '--version'." );
     $v->print( "#" x 72 );
 
   } else { # `--verbose' was not used
@@ -389,11 +389,11 @@ sub install_verbose {
   $v->print( 'The command-line options are:' );
 
   $s = "  options:";
-  $s .= " `" . $_ . "'" for ( @ARGV );
+  $s .= " '" . $_ . "'" for ( @ARGV );
   $v->print( $s );
 
   $s = "  file names:";
-  $s .= " `" . $_ . "'\n" for ( @files );
+  $s .= " '" . $_ . "'\n" for ( @files );
   $v->print( $s );
 } # end install_verbose()
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ sub run_second {
 
       if ( $has_arg ) {
        unless ( exists $opts_with_arg{$has_arg} ) {
-         $stderr->print( "`\%opts_with_args' does not have key `" .
+         $stderr->print( "'\%opts_with_args' does not have key '" .
                            $has_arg . "'." );
          next ARGS;
        }
@@ -436,14 +436,14 @@ sub run_second {
       }
 
       # not a suitable option
-      $stderr->print( "Wrong option `" . $arg . "'." );
+      $stderr->print( "Wrong option '" . $arg . "'." );
       next ARGS;
 
     } # end of for ARGS:
 
 
     if ( $has_arg ) { # after last argument
-      die "Option `$has_arg' needs an argument.";
+      die "Option '$has_arg' needs an argument.";
     }
 
   }; # end of second run
@@ -459,32 +459,32 @@ sub handle_args {
 
     my ( $file, $dir );
     ( $file, $dir ) = File::Basename::fileparse($out_path)
-      or die "Could not handle output file path `" . $out_path . "': " .
-       "directory name `" . $dir . "' and file name `" . $file . "'.";
+      or die "Could not handle output file path '" . $out_path . "': " .
+       "directory name '" . $dir . "' and file name '" . $file . "'.";
 
-    die "Could not find output directory for `" . $Args->{'output'} . "'"
+    die "Could not find output directory for '" . $Args->{'output'} . "'"
       unless ( $dir );
-    die "Could not find output file: `" . $Args->{'output'} .
+    die "Could not find output file: '" . $Args->{'output'} .
       "'" unless ( $file );
 
     if ( -d $dir ) {
-      die "Could not write to output directory `" . $dir . "'."
+      die "Could not write to output directory '" . $dir . "'."
        unless ( -w $dir );
     } else {
       $dir = &make_dir($dir);
-      die "Could not create output directory in: `" . $out_path . "'."
+      die "Could not create output directory in: '" . $out_path . "'."
        unless ( $dir );
     }
 
     # now $dir is a writable directory
 
     if ( -e $out_path ) {
-      die "Could not write to output file `" . $out_path . "'."
+      die "Could not write to output file '" . $out_path . "'."
        unless ( -w $out_path );
     }
 
     $out = new FH_FILE( $out_path );
-    $v->print( "Output goes to file `" . $out_path . "'." );
+    $v->print( "Output goes to file '" . $out_path . "'." );
   } else { # `--output' was not set
     $out = new FH_STDOUT();
   }
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
index 1c78cfc..0a6eb3e 100755
--- a/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl
@@ -28,31 +28,31 @@ our $Legalese;
 
 ### This constant `LICENSE' is the license for this file `GPL' >= 2
   use constant LICENSE => q*
-glilypond - integrate `lilypond' into `groff' files
+glilypond - integrate 'lilypond' into 'groff' files
 
-Source file position: `<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl'
-Installed position: `<prefix>/bin/glilypond'
+Source file position: '<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/glilypond.pl'
+Installed position: '<prefix>/bin/glilypond'
 
 Copyright (C) 2013-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>
 
 Last update: 10 Sep 2015
 
-This file is part of `GNU groff'.
+This file is part of 'GNU groff'.
 
-  `GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the terms of the `GNU General Public License' as published by the
-`Free Software Foundation', either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+  'GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the 'GNU General Public License' as published by the
+'Free Software Foundation', either version 2 of the License, or (at your
 option) any later version.
 
-  `GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  'GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the `GNU
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 'GNU
 General Public License' for more details.
 
-  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License`
-along with `groff', see the files `COPYING' and `LICENSE' in the top
-directory of the `groff' source package.  If not, see
+  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License'
+along with 'groff', see the files 'COPYING' and 'LICENSE' in the top
+directory of the 'groff' source package.  If not, see
 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *;
 
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ our $Temp =
 
     $dir = &path2abs($dir);
     $dir = &make_dir($dir) or
-      die "The directory `$dir' cannot be used temporarily: $!";
+      die "The directory '$dir' cannot be used temporarily: $!";
 
 
     # now `$dir' is a writable directory
 
     opendir( my $dh, $dir ) or
-      die "Could not open temporary directory `$dir': $!";
+      die "Could not open temporary directory '$dir': $!";
     my $file_name;
     my $found = FALSE;
     my $prefix = $Args->{'prefix'};
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ our $Temp =
 
   } # end temporary directory
 
-  $v->print( "Temporary directory: `" . $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "'\n" );
-  $v->print( "file_prefix: `" . $Args->{'prefix'} . "'" );
+  $v->print( "Temporary directory: '" . $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "'\n" );
+  $v->print( "file_prefix: '" . $Args->{'prefix'} . "'" );
 
 
   #----------
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ our $Temp =
          $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $dir;
          $make_dir = TRUE;
        } else { # could not remove
-         $stderr->print( "Could not use EPS dir `" . $dir .
+         $stderr->print( "Could not use EPS dir '" . $dir .
                          "', use temp dir." );
        } # end of unlink
       } # end test of -d $dir
@@ -423,9 +423,9 @@ our $Temp =
 
       if ( $made ) {
        $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $dir;
-       $v->print( "Directory for useful EPS files is `" . $dir . "'." );
+       $v->print( "Directory for useful EPS files is '" . $dir . "'." );
       } else {
-       $v->print( "The EPS directory `" . $dir . "' cannot be used: $!" );
+       $v->print( "The EPS directory '" . $dir . "' cannot be used: $!" );
       }
     } else { # `--eps_dir' was not set, so take the temporary directory
       $Temp->{'eps_dir'} = $Args->{'temp_dir'};
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ our $Temp =
     # EPS-dir not set or available, use temp dir,
     # but leave $Temp->{'}eps_dir'} empty
     $v->print( "Directory for useful EPS files is the " .
-      "temporary directory `" . $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "'." );
+      "temporary directory '" . $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "'." );
   }
 
 } # end `Temp'
@@ -470,11 +470,11 @@ our $Read =
     my $file = shift; # argument is a file name
     $file = &path2abs($file);
     unless ( $file ) {
-      die "Line `.lilypond include' without argument";
+      die "Line '.lilypond include' without argument";
       return '';
     }
     unless ( -f $file && -r $file ) {
-      die "Argument `$file' in `.lilypond include' is not a readable file";
+      die "Argument '$file' in '.lilypond include' is not a readable file";
     }
 
     return $file;
@@ -503,21 +503,21 @@ our $Read =
     (
 
      'start' => sub {
-       $v->print( "\nline: `.lilypond start'" );
-       die "Line `.lilypond stop' expected." if ( $lilypond_mode );
+       $v->print( "\nline: '.lilypond start'" );
+       die "Line '.lilypond stop' expected." if ( $lilypond_mode );
 
        $lilypond_mode = TRUE;
        &$increase_ly_number;
 
-       $v->print( "ly-file: `" . $path_ly . "'" );
+       $v->print( "ly-file: '" . $path_ly . "'" );
 
        $ly = new FH_FILE($path_ly);
      },
 
 
      'end' => sub {
-       $v->print( "line: `.lilypond end'\n" );
-       die "Expected line `.lilypond start'." unless ( $lilypond_mode );
+       $v->print( "line: '.lilypond end'\n" );
+       die "Expected line '.lilypond start'." unless ( $lilypond_mode );
 
        $lilypond_mode = FALSE;
        $ly->close();
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ our $Read =
        if ( exists $eps_subs{ $Args->{'eps_func'} } ) {
         $eps_subs{ $Args->{'eps_func'} }->();
        } else {
-        die "Wrong argument for \$eps_subs: `" . $Args->{'eps_func'} . "'";
+        die "Wrong argument for \$eps_subs: '" . $Args->{'eps_func'} . "'";
        }
      }, # end `.lilypond include'
 
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ our $Read =
        next;
       } else {
        # not a suitable argument of `.lilypond'
-       $stderr->print( "Unknown command: `$arg1' `$arg2':  `$line'" );
+       $stderr->print( "Unknown command: '$arg1' '$arg2':  '$line'" );
       }
 
       next LILYPOND;
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ END {
 
   if ( $Args->{'keep_all'} ) {
     # With --keep_all, no temporary files are removed.
-    $v->print( "keep_all: `TRUE'" );
+    $v->print( "keep_all: 'TRUE'" );
     $v->print( "No temporary files will be deleted:" );
 
     opendir my $dh_temp, $Temp->{'temp_dir'} or
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ END {
   } else { # keep_all is not set
     # Remove all temporary files except the eps files.
 
-    $v->print( "keep_all: `FALSE'" );
+    $v->print( "keep_all: 'FALSE'" );
     $v->print( "All temporary files except *.eps will be deleted" );
 
 
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ END {
       if ( &is_subdir( $Temp->{'eps_dir'}, $Temp->{'temp_dir'} ) ) {
        $v->print( "EPS dir is subdir of temp dir, so keep both." );
       } else { # remove temp dir
-       $v->print( "Try to remove temporary directory `" .
+       $v->print( "Try to remove temporary directory '" .
          $Temp->{'temp_dir'} ."':" );
        if ( File::Path::remove_tree($Temp->{'temp_dir'}) ) {
          # remove succeeds
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ END {
               _
             /x ) { # this includes `PREFIX_temp*'
          my $file = File::Spec->catfile( $Temp->{'temp_dir'},  $_ );
-         $v->print( "Remove `" . $file . "'" );
-         unlink $file or $stderr->print( "Could not remove `$file': $!" );
+         $v->print( "Remove '" . $file . "'" );
+         unlink $file or $stderr->print( "Could not remove '$file': $!" );
          next;
        } # end if prefix
        next;
@@ -723,11 +723,11 @@ END {
 
   if ( $Temp->{'eps_dir'} ) {
     # EPS files in $Temp->{'eps_dir'} are always kept
-    $v->print( "As EPS directrory is set as `" .
+    $v->print( "As EPS directrory is set as '" .
       $Temp->{'eps_dir'} . "', no EPS files there will be deleted." );
 
     opendir my $dh_temp, $Temp->{'eps_dir'} or
-      die "Cannot open `" . $Temp->{'eps_dir'} . ": $!";
+      die "Cannot open '" . $Temp->{'eps_dir'} . ": $!";
     for ( sort readdir $dh_temp ) {
       next if ( /         # omit files starting with a dot
                  ^
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl b/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl
index f6b7214..83b9825 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl
@@ -3,29 +3,29 @@ my $License = q*
 # Legalese
 ########################################################################
 
-Source file position: `<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl'
-Installed position: `<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond/oop_fh.pl'
+Source file position: '<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/oop_fh.pl'
+Installed position: '<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond/oop_fh.pl'
 
 Copyright (C) 2013-2013  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>
 
-This file is part of `glilypond', which is part of `GNU groff'.
+This file is part of 'glilypond', which is part of 'GNU groff'.
 
-glilypond - integrate `lilypond' into `groff' files
+glilypond - integrate 'lilypond' into 'groff' files
 
-  `GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the terms of the `GNU General Public License' as published by the
-`Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+  'GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the 'GNU General Public License' as published by the
+'Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
 option) any later version.
 
-  `GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  'GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the `GNU
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 'GNU
 General Public License' for more details.
 
-  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License`
-along with `groff', see the files `COPYING' and `LICENSE' in the top
-directory of the `groff' source package.  If not, see
+  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License'
+along with 'groff', see the files 'COPYING' and 'LICENSE' in the top
+directory of the 'groff' source package.  If not, see
 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *;
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ use integer;
       die "$file is a directory" if ( -d $file );
     }
     open $self->{'fh'}, ">", $self->{'file'}
-      or die "could not open file `$file' for writing: $!";
+      or die "could not open file '$file' for writing: $!";
     $self->{'opened'} = main::TRUE;
   }
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ use integer;
 
   sub new {
     my ( $pkg, $file ) = @_;
-    die "File `$file' cannot be read." unless ( -f $file && -r $file );
+    die "File '$file' cannot be read." unless ( -f $file && -r $file );
     bless {
           'fh' => undef,
           'file' => $file,
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ use integer;
       die "$file is a directory" if ( -d $file );
     }
     open $self->{'fh'}, "<", $self->{'file'}
-      or die "could not read file `$file': $!";
+      or die "could not read file '$file': $!";
     $self->{'opened'} = main::TRUE;
   }
 
diff --git a/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl b/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
index 67e2c4f..8555208 100644
--- a/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl
@@ -3,31 +3,31 @@ my $License = q*
 # Legalese
 ########################################################################
 
-Subroutines for `glilypond'.
+Subroutines for 'glilypond'.
 
-Source file position: `<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl'
-Installed position: `<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond/subs.pl'
+Source file position: '<groff-source>/contrib/glilypond/subs.pl'
+Installed position: '<prefix>/lib/groff/glilypond/subs.pl'
 
 Copyright (C) 2013-2015  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Bernd Warken <address@hidden>
 
 Last update: 10 Sep 2015
 
-This file is part of `glilypond', which is part of `GNU groff'.
+This file is part of 'glilypond', which is part of 'GNU groff'.
 
-  `GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the terms of the `GNU General Public License' as published by the
-`Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+  'GNU groff' is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the 'GNU General Public License' as published by the
+'Free Software Foundation', either version 3 of the License, or (at your
 option) any later version.
 
-  `GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  'GNU groff' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the `GNU
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 'GNU
 General Public License' for more details.
 
-  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License`
-along with `groff', see the files `COPYING' and `LICENSE' in the top
-directory of the `groff' source package.  If not, see
+  You should have received a copy of the 'GNU General Public License'
+along with 'groff', see the files 'COPYING' and 'LICENSE' in the top
+directory of the 'groff' source package.  If not, see
 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *;
 
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ sub create_ly2eps {                # `--ly2eps' default
   &run_lilypond("$opts");
 
   Cwd::chdir $Temp->{'cwd'} or
-      die "Could not change to former directory `" .
+      die "Could not change to former directory '" .
        $Temp->{'cwd'} . "': $!";
 
   my $eps_dir = $Temp->{'eps_dir'};
   my $dir = $Temp->{'temp_dir'};
   opendir( my $dh, $dir ) or
-    die "could not open temporary directory `$dir': $!";
+    die "could not open temporary directory '$dir': $!";
 
   my $re = qr<
               ^
@@ -113,25 +113,25 @@ sub create_pdf2eps {                     # `--pdf2eps'
 
   # pdf2ps in temp dir
   my $temp_file = &next_temp_file;
-  $v->print( "\n##### run of `pdf2ps'" );
+  $v->print( "\n##### run of 'pdf2ps'" );
   # `$ pdf2ps file.pdf file.ps'
   my $output = `pdf2ps $file_pdf $file_ps 2> $temp_file`;
   die 'Program pdf2ps does not work.' if ( $? );
   &shell_handling($output, $temp_file);
-  $v->print( "##### end run of `pdf2ps'\n" );
+  $v->print( "##### end run of 'pdf2ps'\n" );
 
   # ps2eps in temp dir
   $temp_file = &next_temp_file;
-  $v->print( "\n##### run of `ps2eps'" );
+  $v->print( "\n##### run of 'ps2eps'" );
   # `$ ps2eps file.ps'
   $output = `ps2eps $file_ps 2> $temp_file`;
   die 'Program ps2eps does not work.' if ( $? );
   &shell_handling($output, $temp_file);
-  $v->print( "##### end run of `ps2eps'\n" );
+  $v->print( "##### end run of 'ps2eps'\n" );
 
   # change back to former dir
   Cwd::chdir $Temp->{'cwd'} or
-      die "Could not change to former directory `" .
+      die "Could not change to former directory '" .
        $Temp->{'cwd'} . "': $!";
 
   # handling of .eps file
@@ -211,13 +211,13 @@ sub make_dir {                    # make directory or 
check if it exists
     next DIRPARTS if ( -d $dir_grow );
 
     if ( -e $dir_grow ) {  # exists, but not a dir, so must be removed
-      die "Couldn't create dir `$dir_arg', it is blocked by `$dir_grow'."
+      die "Couldn't create dir '$dir_arg', it is blocked by '$dir_grow'."
        unless ( -w $dir_grow );
 
       # now it's writable, but not a dir, so it can be removed
       unlink ( $dir_grow ) or
-       die "Couldn't remove `$dir_grow', " .
-         "so I cannot create dir `$dir_arg': $!";
+       die "Couldn't remove '$dir_grow', " .
+         "so I cannot create dir '$dir_arg': $!";
     }
 
     # $dir_grow does no longer exist, so the former dir must be writable
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ sub make_dir {                      # make directory or 
check if it exists
     pop @dir_grow;
     $dir_grow = File::Spec->catdir(@dir_grow);
 
-    die "`$dir_grow' is not writable, " .
-      "so directory `$dir_arg' can't be createdd."
+    die "'$dir_grow' is not writable, " .
+      "so directory '$dir_arg' can't be createdd."
        unless ( -w $dir_grow );
 
     # former directory is writable, so `$dir_arg' can be created
@@ -237,12 +237,12 @@ sub make_dir {                    # make directory or 
check if it exists
                            verbose => $Args->{'verbose'},
                           }
                         )      #  `mkdir -P'
-       or die "Could not create directory `$dir_arg': $!";
+       or die "Could not create directory '$dir_arg': $!";
 
     last DIRPARTS;
   }
 
-  die "`$dir_arg' is not a writable directory"
+  die "'$dir_arg' is not a writable directory"
     unless ( -d $dir_arg && -w $dir_arg );
 
   return $dir_arg;
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ sub next_temp_file {
   my $temp_basename = $Args->{'prefix'} . '_temp_' . $number;
   my $temp_file = File::Spec->catfile( $Temp->{'temp_dir'} ,
                                       $temp_basename );
-  $v->print( "next temporary file: `$temp_file'" );
+  $v->print( "next temporary file: '$temp_file'" );
   return $temp_file;
 }                              # end sub next_temp_file()
 
@@ -341,16 +341,16 @@ sub run_lilypond {
 
   # change to temp dir
   Cwd::chdir $Temp->{'temp_dir'} or
-      die "Could not change to temporary directory `" .
+      die "Could not change to temporary directory '" .
        $Temp->{'temp_dir'} . "': $!";
 
-  $v->print( "\n##### run of `lilypond " . $opts . "'" );
+  $v->print( "\n##### run of 'lilypond " . $opts . "'" );
   $output = `lilypond $opts 2>$temp_file`;
-  die "Program lilypond does not work, see `$temp_file': $?"
+  die "Program lilypond does not work, see '$temp_file': $?"
     if ( $? );
   chomp $output;
   &shell_handling($output, $temp_file);
-  $v->print( "##### end run of `lilypond'\n" );
+  $v->print( "##### end run of 'lilypond'\n" );
 
   # stay in temp dir
 } # end sub run_lilypond()
@@ -401,12 +401,12 @@ sub usage {                       # for `--help'
   my $usage = EMPTYSTRING;
   $usage = '###### usage:' . "\n" if ( $Args->{'verbose'} );
   $usage .= qq*Options for $p:
-Read a `roff' file or standard input and transform `lilypond' parts
-(everything between `.lilypond start' and `.lilypond end') into
-`EPS'-files that can be read by groff using `.PSPIC'.
+Read a 'roff' file or standard input and transform 'lilypond' parts
+(everything between '.lilypond start' and '.lilypond end') into
+'EPS'-files that can be read by groff using '.PSPIC'.
 
-There is also a command `.lilypond include <file_name>' that can
-include a complete `lilypond' file into the `groff' document.
+There is also a command '.lilypond include <file_name>' that can
+include a complete 'lilypond' file into the 'groff' document.
 
 
 # Breaking options:
@@ -418,10 +418,10 @@ $p --license               # the license is GPL >= 3
 # Normal options:
 $p [options] [--] [filename ...]
 
-There are 2 options for influencing the way how the `EPS' files for the
-`roff' display are generated:
---ly2eps           `lilypond' generates `EPS' files directly (default)
---pdf2eps          `lilypond' generates a `PDF' file that is transformed
+There are 2 options for influencing the way how the 'EPS' files for the
+'roff' display are generated:
+--ly2eps           'lilypond' generates 'EPS' files directly (default)
+--pdf2eps          'lilypond' generates a 'PDF' file that is transformed
 
 -k|--keep_all      do not delete any temporary files
 -v|--verbose       print much information to STDERR
@@ -454,8 +454,8 @@ sub version { # for `--version'
 
   my $output = EMPTYSTRING;
   $output = "###### version:\n" if ( $Args->{'verbose'} );
-  $output .= "`" . $Globals->{'prog'} . "' version `" .
-    $Legalese->{'version'} . "' is part of `GNU groff'" . $end;
+  $output .= "'" . $Globals->{'prog'} . "' version '" .
+    $Legalese->{'version'} . "' is part of 'GNU groff'" . $end;
 
   $stdout->print($output);
 } # end sub version()
diff --git a/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl b/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
index 4571f64..14b5590 100755
--- a/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
+++ b/contrib/gperl/gperl.pl
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ if ($before_make) {
 
 foreach (@ARGV) {
   if ( /^(-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)$/ ) {
-    print q(Usage for the `gperl' program:);
+    print q(Usage for the 'gperl' program:);
     print 'gperl [-] [--] [filespec...] normal file name arguments';
     print 'gperl [-h|--help]        gives usage information';
     print 'gperl [-v|--version]     displays the version number';
-    print q(This program is a `groff' preprocessor that handles Perl ) .
-      q(parts in `roff' files.);
+    print q(This program is a 'groff' preprocessor that handles Perl ) .
+      q(parts in 'roff' files.);
     exit;
   } elsif ( /^(-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--vers|--versi|--versio|--version)$/ ) {
-    print q(`gperl' version ) . $version;
+    print q('gperl' version ) . $version;
     exit;
   }
 }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ foreach (<>) {
     # Everything else means an ending command.
     if ( $perl_mode ) {
       # `.Perl' was started twice, ignore
-      print STDERR q(`.Perl' starter was run several times);
+      print STDERR q('.Perl' starter was run several times);
       next;
     } else {   # new Perl start
       $perl_mode = 1;
diff --git a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
index ea874d6..14cbb45 100755
--- a/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
+++ b/contrib/gpinyin/gpinyin.pl
@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@ require 'subs.pl';
 
 foreach (@ARGV) {
   if ( /^(-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)$/ ) {
-    print q(Usage for the `gpinyin' program:);
+    print q(Usage for the 'gpinyin' program:);
     print 'gpinyin [-] [--] [filespec...] normal file name arguments';
     print 'gpinyin [-h|--help]            gives usage information';
     print 'gpinyin [-v|--version]         displays the version number';
-    print q(This program is a `groff' preprocessor that handles ) .
-      q(pinyin parts in `roff' files.);
+    print q(This program is a 'groff' preprocessor that handles ) .
+      q(pinyin parts in 'roff' files.);
     exit;
   } elsif (/^(-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--vers|--versi|--versio|--version)$/) {
-    print q(`gpinyin' version ) . $version;
+    print q('gpinyin' version ) . $version;
     exit;
   }
 }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ foreach (<>) {      # get line from input
   if ( $line =~ /^[.']\s*pinyin\s+(start|begin)$/ ) {
     if ( $pinyin_mode ) {
       # `.pinyin' was started twice, ignore
-      &err( q[`.pinyin' starter was run several times] );
+      &err( q['.pinyin' starter was run several times] );
     } else {   # new pinyin start
       $pinyin_mode = 1;
     }
diff --git a/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl b/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
index 08e919f..c5916fd 100755
--- a/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/gpinyin/subs.pl
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ sub handle_syll {
   }
 
 #  unless ( $vowel =~ /^[aeiouAEIOU]$/ ) {
-#    print STDERR q(The argument `) . $vowel . q(' is not a vowel!);
+#    print STDERR q(The argument ') . $vowel . q(' is not a vowel!);
 #    return {};
 #  }
 
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl b/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
index c07adb6..99d3a04 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/main_subs.pl
@@ -348,14 +348,14 @@ sub main_config_params {  # handle configuration files
          next;
        }
        if ( $line =~ /^--[ =]/ ) {
-         warn "No option name in `$line' in configuration " .
+         warn "No option name in '$line' in configuration " .
            "file $f.\n";
          next;
        }
        push @Starting_Conf, $line;
        # -- or -
        if ($line =~ /^--?$/) {
-         warn "`$line' is not allowed in configuration files.\n";
+         warn "'$line' is not allowed in configuration files.\n";
          next; }
 ### main_config_params()
        if ($line =~ /^--/) {           # line is long option
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
          } $name =~ s/[\'\"]//g;
          unless (exists $Opts_Cmdline_Long{$name}) {
            # option does not exist
-           warn "Option `$name' does not exist.\n";
+           warn "Option '$name' does not exist.\n";
            next LINE;
          }
          # option exists
@@ -377,13 +377,13 @@ sub main_config_params {  # handle configuration files
            if (defined $arg) {
              push @conf_args, $name, $arg;
              next LINE;
-           } else { warn "Option `$name' needs an argument in " .
+           } else { warn "Option '$name' needs an argument in " .
                       "configuration file $f\n";
                     next LINE;
                   }
          } else { # option has no arg
            if (defined $arg) {
-             warn "Option `$name' may not have an argument " .
+             warn "Option '$name' may not have an argument " .
                "in configuration file $f\n";
              next LINE;
            } else {
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
            my $opt = "-$1";
            next if ($opt =~ /\'\"/);
            if ($opt =~ /- /) {
-             warn "Option `$conf_args[$#conf_args]' does not " .
+             warn "Option '$conf_args[$#conf_args]' does not " .
                "have an argument.\n";
              next LINE;
            }
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
                next;
              }
            } else { # short option does not exist
-             warn "Wrong short option `-$opt' from " .
+             warn "Wrong short option '-$opt' from " .
                "configuration.  Rest of line ignored.\n";
              next LINE;
            }
@@ -470,11 +470,11 @@ sub main_config_params {  # handle configuration files
       }
 
       if ($elt =~ /^--[ =]/) { # no option name
-       warn "No option name in `$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
+       warn "No option name in '$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
        next ELT;
       }
       if ($elt =~ /^---/) { # wrong with three minus
-       warn "Wrong option `$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
+       warn "Wrong option '$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
        next ELT;
       }
 
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
          my $n0 = $1;
          if ( $Opts_Cmdline_Long_Str =~
               /\s(${match}[^-\s]*)\s.*\s(${match}[^-\s]*) / ) {
-           warn "Option name `--$abbrev' is not unique: " .
+           warn "Option name '--$abbrev' is not unique: " .
              "--$1 --$2 \n";
            next ELT;
          }
@@ -514,14 +514,14 @@ sub main_config_params {  # handle configuration files
          my $n0 = $1;
          if ( $Opts_Cmdline_Long_Str =~
               /\s(${match}[^\s]*)\s.*\s(${match}[^\s]*)\s/ ) {
-           warn "Option name `--$abbrev' is not unique: " .
+           warn "Option name '--$abbrev' is not unique: " .
              "--$1 --$2 \n";
            next ELT;
          }
          $name = $n0;
          $opt = "--$n0";
        } else {
-         warn "Option `--$abbrev' does not exist.\n";
+         warn "Option '--$abbrev' does not exist.\n";
          next ELT;
        }
 ### main_config_params()
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
          } else { # $arg not defined, argument at next element
            if (($i == $n1) || ($i > $n)) {
              warn "No argument left for option " .
-               "`$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
+               "'$elt' at $s[$j].\n";
              next ELT; }
            # add argument as next element
            push @argv, "--$name", $argv0[$i];
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
          }             # if (defined $arg)
        } else {        # option has no arg
          if (defined $arg) {
-           warn "Option `$abbrev' may not have an argument " .
+           warn "Option '$abbrev' may not have an argument " .
              "at $s[$j].\n";
            next ELT;
          } else {
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
              } else { # argument at next element
                if (($i == $n1) || ($i > $n)) {
                  warn "No argument left for option " .
-                   "`$opt' at $s[$j].\n";
+                   "'$opt' at $s[$j].\n";
                  next ELT; }
 ### main_config_params()
                # add argument as next element
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ sub main_config_params {    # handle configuration files
              push @argv, $opt; next;
            }
          } else { # short option does not exist
-           warn "Wrong short option `$opt' at $s[$j].\n";
+           warn "Wrong short option '$opt' at $s[$j].\n";
            next ELT;
          }             # if (exists $Opts_Cmdline_Short{$opt})
        }               # while ($cluster)
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
               delete $Opt{'MODE'};
             }
           } else {
-            warn "Unknown mode in `$arg' for --mode\n";
+            warn "Unknown mode in '$arg' for --mode\n";
           }
         },
 ### main_parse_params()
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
             if ($Man{'AUTO_SEC_CHARS'} =~ /$c/) {
               $s .= $c;
             } else {
-              warn "main_parse_params(): not a man section `$c';";
+              warn "main_parse_params(): not a man section '$c';";
             }
           }
           $Opt{'SECTIONS'} = $s; },
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ sub main_parse_params {
   }
 
   if ( $Opt{'WHATIS'} ) {
-    die "main_parse_params(): cannot handle both `whatis' and `apropos';"
+    die "main_parse_params(): cannot handle both 'whatis' and 'apropos';"
       if $Opt{'APROPOS'};
     $Man{'ALL'} = 1;
     delete $Opt{'APROPOS_SECTIONS'};
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ sub _get_prog_args {
     my %prog = &where_is_prog($opt);
     my $prog_ref = \%prog;
     unless (%prog) {
-      warn "_get_prog_args(): `$opt' is not an existing program;";
+      warn "_get_prog_args(): '$opt' is not an existing program;";
       return 0;
     }
 
@@ -1985,7 +1985,7 @@ sub main_display {
     };
 
     /^.*$/ and do {
-      die "main_display(): unknown mode `$Display{'MODE'}';";
+      die "main_display(): unknown mode '$Display{'MODE'}';";
     };
 
   }                            # SWITCH
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/man.pl b/contrib/groffer/man.pl
index 87ca64f..4410d2a 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/man.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/man.pl
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ sub is_man {
   my $n = @_;
   die "is_man(): one argument is needed, you used $n;"
     unless $n == 1;
-  die "is_man(): the argument is not a hash reference `$_[0]';"
+  die "is_man(): the argument is not a hash reference '$_[0]';"
     if ref($_[0]) ne 'HASH';
   die 'is_man(): temporary directory is not set;' unless $main::tmpdir;
   die 'is_man(): man_setup() must be run first;' unless $main::Man{'IS_SETUP'};
@@ -207,11 +207,11 @@ sub man_get {
   my $n = @_;
   die "man_get(): one argument is needed, you used $n;"
     unless $n == 1;
-  die "man_get(): the argument is not a hash reference `$_[0]';"
+  die "man_get(): the argument is not a hash reference '$_[0]';"
     if ref($_[0]) ne 'HASH';
   die "man_get(): is_man() must be run first on the argument;"
     unless $main::Manspec;
-  die "man_get(): wrong hash reference `$_[0]', no 'name' key;"
+  die "man_get(): wrong hash reference '$_[0]', no 'name' key;"
     unless exists $_[0]->{'name'};
 
   my ($name, $sec, $ext, $f, $path);
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl b/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
index 0a35d9e..ac504be 100755
--- a/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/roff2.pl
@@ -197,12 +197,12 @@ usage: $Name [option]... [--] [filespec]...
 -h | --help     print usage information
 -v | --version  print version information
 
-All other options are arbitrary options of `groffer'; the options
+All other options are arbitrary options of 'groffer'; the options
 override the behavior of this program.
 
-filespec's are the same as in `groffer': either the names of existing,
-readable files or `-' for standard input or a search pattern for man
-pages.  No `filespec' assumes standard input automatically.
+filespec's are the same as in 'groffer': either the names of existing,
+readable files or '-' for standard input or a search pattern for man
+pages.  No 'filespec' assumes standard input automatically.
 EOF
 }
 
@@ -213,10 +213,10 @@ usage: $Name [option]... [--] [filespec]...
 -h | --help     print usage information
 -v | --version  print version information
 
-No other options are allowed because `groffer' is not available.
+No other options are allowed because 'groffer' is not available.
 
-The only `filespec's allowed are the names of existing, readable files
-or `-' for standard input.  No `filespec' assumes standard input
+The only 'filespec's allowed are the names of existing, readable files
+or '-' for standard input.  No 'filespec' assumes standard input
 automatically.
 EOF
 }
diff --git a/contrib/groffer/subs.pl b/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
index 9d612ad..73e35f4 100644
--- a/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
+++ b/contrib/groffer/subs.pl
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ sub cat_z {
     unless $n == 1;
 
   my $file = $_[0];
-  die "cat_z(): `$file' is not a readable file;" unless -f $file && -r $file;
+  die "cat_z(): '$file' is not a readable file;" unless -f $file && -r $file;
   return () if -z $file;
 
   my @res;
@@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ on-the-fly with all formats that gzip can handle.
   "name.n"     man page "name" in section "n"
   "n name"     man page "name" in section "n"
   "name"       man page "name" in first section found
-where `section' is a single character out of [1-9on], optionally followed
-by some more letters that are called the `extension'.
+where 'section' is a single character out of [1-9on], optionally followed
+by some more letters that are called the 'extension'.
 
 -h --help         print this usage message.
 -T --device=name  pass to groff using output device "name".
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
index 3407e66..d726bc7 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/common.roff
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .de d2x
 .  if !\B\\$1 \{\
 .    tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid or missing first argument
-.    tm1 "     usage: `.d2x decimal_number [base [string_name]]'
+.    tm1 "     usage: '.d2x decimal_number [base [string_name]]'
 .    return
 .  \}
 .
@@ -157,10 +157,10 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .  ie !"\\$2"" \{\
 .    ie !\B\\$2 \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid base `\\$2'
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid base '\\$2'
 .    el \
 .      ie ((\\$2 < 1) : (\\$2 > 16)) \
-.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid base `\\$2'
+.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid base '\\$2'
 .      el \
 .        nr b# \\$2
 .  \}\}
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .  if !"\\$3"" \{\
 .    ie !\A\\$3 \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid string name `\\$3'
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: invalid string name '\\$3'
 .    el \
 .      ds \\$3 \\*[hex#]\"
 .  \}
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .de random-seed
 .  if !(\\n[.$] == 2) \{\
 .    tm1 "random-seed: Invalid number of arguments.
-.    tm1 "             usage: `.random-seed seed1 seed2'
+.    tm1 "             usage: '.random-seed seed1 seed2'
 .    return
 .  \}
 .
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
index 6945a93..7f3fe55 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_n.in
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    if \\n[t*cptn] \
 .      bp
 .
-.    tm listing font `\\*[*$1]'...
+.    tm listing font '\\*[*$1]'...
 .
 .    TBL border=.1n bc=red cpd=0 csp=.1n bgc=
 .      CPTN groff font \\*[*$1] \
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in 
b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
index 8ed6eab..96a18dc 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/examples/fonts_x.in
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    if \\n[t*cptn] \
 .      bp
 .
-.    tm listing font `\\*[*$1]'...
+.    tm listing font '\\*[*$1]'...
 .
 .    TBL border=.1n bc=red cpd=0 csp=.1n bgc=
 .      CPTN groff font \\*[*$1] \
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u b/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
index 03fe301..41e9f55 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/hdmisc.tmac-u
@@ -312,14 +312,14 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .  if !"\\*[t*kept]"" \{\
 .    tm1 "hdtbl: Not all tables have been printed.
-.    tm1 "       Add `.bp' at the end of your document.
+.    tm1 "       Add '.bp' at the end of your document.
 .  \}
 .  if !"\\*[t*held]"" \{\
 .    tm1 "hdtbl: There are held tables which haven't been printed.
-.    tm1 "       Add `.t*free' at the end of your document.
+.    tm1 "       Add '.t*free' at the end of your document.
 .  \}
 .  if \\n[t*#] \
-.    tm hdtbl: Missing `.ETB' macro; last .TBL in \\*[t*FN] at line \\*[t*LN].
+.    tm hdtbl: Missing '.ETB' macro; last .TBL in \\*[t*FN] at line \\*[t*LN].
 ..
 .
 .\" EOF
diff --git a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
index 822ca6c..7700c33 100644
--- a/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/hdtbl/hdtbl.tmac-u
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \B\\*[cols] \
 .      nr t*cols\\n[t*#] \\*[cols]
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid number of columns value `\\*[cols]'.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid number of columns value '\\*[cols]'.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*getarg cpd \\*[args]                 \"   cell padding
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \B\\*[cpd] \
 .      nr t*cpd\\n[t*#] \\*[cpd]
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell padding value `\\*[cpd]'.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell padding value '\\*[cpd]'.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*getarg csp \\*[args]                 \"   cell spacing
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \B\\*[csp] \
 .      nr t*csp\\n[t*#] \\*[csp]
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell spacing value `\\*[csp]'.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell spacing value '\\*[csp]'.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*getarg border \\*[args]              \"   border thickness
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      ie \B\\*[border] \
 .        nr t*b\\n[t*#] \\*[border]
 .      el \
-.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid border thickness value `\\*[border]'.
+.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid border thickness value '\\*[border]'.
 .  \}\}
 .
 .  t*getarg bc \\*[args]                  \"   border color
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      ie "\\*[bc]"=" \
 .        ds t*bc\\n[t*#] =\"
 .      el \
-.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid border color `\\*[bc]'.
+.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid border color '\\*[bc]'.
 .  \}\}
 .  ie "\\*[bc]"=" \
 .    ds t*bc\\n[t*#]
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
                             - ((2 * \\n[cscp\\n[t*#]]) \
                                 + (3 * \\n[b/2\\n[t*#]])))
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid height value `\\*[height]'.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid height value '\\*[height]'.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*cl \\*[width]                      \"     get cell widths and offsets
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      ie "\\*[tal]"r" \
 .        nr in\\n[t*#] (\\n[.l] - \\n[ll\\n[t*#]] + \\n[.i])
 .      el \{\
-.        tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid horizontal table alignment `\\*[tal]':
-.        tm1 " must be `l', `c' or `r'.
+.        tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid horizontal table alignment '\\*[tal]':
+.        tm1 " must be 'l', 'c' or 'r'.
 .  \}\}\}
 .
 .  nr t*r#\\n[t*#] 0                   \"      initialize row index
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .
 .  if "\\$0"CPTN" \
 .    if \\n[t*r#\\n[t*#]] \{\
-.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid placement of `.CPTN';
-.      tm1 " must be called immediately after `.TBL'.
+.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid placement of '.CPTN';
+.      tm1 " must be called immediately after '.TBL'.
 .      return
 .    \}
 .
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \B\\*[height] \
 .      nr t*height\\*[#t#r] \\*[height]
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid table row height `\\*[height]'.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid table row height '\\*[height]'.
 .  \}
 .
 .  \"  If there is a TR with height `height', the total height of the table
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      nr *rsp*\\*[*#trc*] (\\n[rowspan] - 1)
 .    \}
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid value of `rowspan' keyword.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid value of 'rowspan' keyword.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*getarg colspan \\*[args]
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \B\\*[colspan] \
 .      nr colspan (\\*[colspan] >? 1)
 .    el \
-.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid value of `colspan' keyword.
+.      tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid value of 'colspan' keyword.
 .  \}
 .
 .  t*args \\*[#trc] \\*[#t#r]           \"  look for common arguments
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .de t*free
 .  if "\\$0"CPTN" \
 .    if \\n[t*r#\\n[t*#]] \{\
-.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid placement of `.t*free' within a table;
+.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid placement of '.t*free' within a table;
 .      tm1 " it must be called outside of any table.
 .      return
 .    \}
@@ -749,13 +749,13 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .        ie \B\\*[**] \
 .          nr $\\n[*] (\\*[**] * \\n[.l] / 100)
 .        el \
-.          tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid relative cell width `\\*[**]%'.
+.          tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid relative cell width '\\*[**]%'.
 .      \}
 .      el \{\
 .        ie \B\\$[\\n[*]] \
 .          nr $\\n[*] \\$[\\n[*]]
 .        el \
-.          tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell width `\\$[\\n[*]]'.
+.          tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid cell width '\\$[\\n[*]]'.
 .    \}\}
 .
 .    nr ll\\n[t*#] +\\n[$\\n[*]]
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      ie "\\*[bgc]"=" \
 .        ds t*bgc\\$1 =\"
 .      el \
-.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid background color `\\*[bgc]'.
+.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid background color '\\*[bgc]'.
 .  \}\}
 .  if "\\*[args]"" \
 .    return
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .      ie "\\*[fgc]"=" \
 .        ds t*fgc\\$1 =\"
 .      el \
-.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid foreground color `\\*[fgc]'.
+.        tm \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid foreground color '\\*[fgc]'.
 .  \}\}
 .  if "\\*[args]"" \
 .    return
@@ -937,8 +937,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \\n[t*index] \
 .      ds t*hal\\$1 \\*[hal]\"
 .    el \{\
-.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid horizontal alignment `\\*[hal]':
-.      tm1 " must be `b', `c', `l' or `r'.
+.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid horizontal alignment '\\*[hal]':
+.      tm1 " must be 'b', 'c', 'l' or 'r'.
 .  \}\}
 .  if "\\*[args]"" \
 .    return
@@ -949,8 +949,8 @@ along with this program.  If not, see 
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 .    ie \\n[t*index] \
 .      ds t*val\\$1 \\*[val]\"
 .    el \{\
-.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid vertical alignment `\\*[val]':
-.      tm1 " must be `t', `m' or `b'.
+.      tmc \\n[.F]:\\n[.c]: Invalid vertical alignment '\\*[val]':
+.      tm1 " must be 't', 'm' or 'b'.
 .  \}\}
 .  if "\\*[args]"" \
 .    return
diff --git a/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u b/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
index de8a325..c79ddce 100644
--- a/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
+++ b/contrib/mom/om.tmac-u
@@ -21069,7 +21069,7 @@ does not fit on page \\n[pgnum]\\*[col-num].
 .\}
 .ie d ref*spec!\\n[ref*type] .ref*build \\*[ref*spec!\\n[ref*type]]
 .el \{\
-.   @error unknown reference type `\\n[ref*type]'
+.   @error unknown reference type '\\n[ref*type]'
 .   ref*build \\*[ref*spec!0]
 .\}
 .if !\\n[.hy]=0 \{\



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