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Re: gethostname max len
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From: |
Nelson H. F. Beebe |
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Subject: |
Re: gethostname max len |
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Date: |
Fri, 26 Mar 2004 07:47:42 -0700 (MST) |
Discussions on this list earlier this week debated how to handle the
return from gethostname(), which might produce a string of
platform-dependent size.
One correspondent suggested using PATH_MAX.
This is, I believe, unwise, for at least these reasons:
(1) There has been great historic variability in the name of the
parameter that holds the size of the longest possible path; see
below.
(2) The ISO Standard C name for that parameter is not PATH_MAX, but
this one (from section 7.19.1 of the 1999 Standard):
>> ...
>> FILENAME_MAX
>>
>> which expands to an integer constant expression that is the size
>> needed for an array of char large enough to hold the longest file
>> name string that the implementation
>> ...
(3) More seriously, that limit is not O/S or compiler dependent, but
rather, filesystem dependent. A Unix system might support
4096-character paths in its own filesystem, then mount a PC DOS
system with 8+3 limits on filenames, and a 128-character limit on
the path.
The proper way to handle this is via the POSIX (IEEE Std 1003.1-2001)
pathconf() and fpathconf() library calls:
#include <unistd.h> /* POSIX header file */
long int n;
n = pathconf("/path/to/file", _PC_PATH_MAX);
n = fpathconf(fileno(stdin), _PC_PATH_MAX);
Only if these routines, their header file, and the symbol
_PC_PATH_MAX, are not available (as determined by GNU autoconf),
should code fall back to using FILENAME_MAX, and then further caution
must be applied, because HP-UX 10 and 11 define this in <stdio.h> with
the value 14, far below the value of 1024 that their filesystems
support.
The following tests show that the return values from the POSIX
functions also need to be checked carefully:
% cat pathconf.c
/***********************************************************************
[26-Mar-2004]
***********************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void
show_fpathconf(int fd)
{
printf("fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor %d\t:\t%7ld\n", fd,
(long)fpathconf(fd, _PC_PATH_MAX));
}
void
show_pathconf(const char *s)
{
printf("pathconf(): maximum path in %-15s\t:\t%7ld\n", s, (long)pathconf(s,
_PC_PATH_MAX));
}
int
main(void)
{
printf("FILENAME_MAX\t\t\t\t\t:\t%7d\n", FILENAME_MAX);
show_pathconf("/");
show_pathconf("/tmp");
show_pathconf("/var/tmp");
show_pathconf("./");
show_fpathconf(fileno(stdin));
show_fpathconf(fileno(stdout));
show_fpathconf(fileno(stderr));
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
The following experiments illustrate some of the variations to be
found; return values of -1 mean that the value is indeterminate (so
the caller must be prepared to handle a dynamically-sized string):
On HP-UX 11.11 PA-RISC 8700:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 14
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : -1
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : -1
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : -1
On FreeBSD 5.1 Alpha:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : -1
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : 1024
On GNU/Linux IA-64:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 4096
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 4096
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 4096
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 4096
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : 4096
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : 4096
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : 4096
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : 4096
On SGI IRIX MIPS and Solaris 9 SPARC:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 1024
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : 1024
On Compaq/DEC Alpha OSF/1 4.0 and 5.1:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 255
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : -1
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : -1
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : -1
On IBM RS/6000 AIX 4.2:
cc pathconf.c && ./a.out
FILENAME_MAX : 255
pathconf(): maximum path in / : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in /var/tmp : 1023
pathconf(): maximum path in ./ : 1024
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 0 : 1023
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 1 : 1023
fpathconf(): maximum path for file descriptor 2 : 1023
Here is a snippet from my own code that notes the historical
variation:
-------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
Name Definition System
-------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
FNMAX <stdio.h> PCC-20
MAXPATH <dir.h> Turbo C 2.0, C and C++ 3.0, and TopSpeed C
_MAX_PATH <stdlib.h> Microsoft C 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and TopSpeed C
MAX_PATHLEN <sys/param.h> Sun OS (4.2BSD), 4.3BSD, Gould UTX/32,
HPUX, KCC-20, AIX (RT, RS, PS/2, 370),
HP/Apollo DomainOS, DEC Alpha (OSF/1)
PATH_MAX <stdio.h> SYS V (Silicon Graphics)
PATH_MAX <limits.h> POSIX, DEC Alpha (OSF/1)
FILENAME_MAX <stdio.h> Intel RMX, NeXT Mach, Turbo C/C++ 3.0,
Standard C
-------- ------------- ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Nelson H. F. Beebe Tel: +1 801 581 5254 -
- University of Utah FAX: +1 801 581 4148 -
- Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB Internet e-mail: address@hidden -
- 155 S 1400 E RM 233 address@hidden address@hidden -
- Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe -
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