Hi,
About pararelism, from what I could see, duplicity processes your files as
a stream, a long sequence of files. Encryption is also sequential by design
(that's why GnuPG, what duplicity uses, does not use threads).
Maybe paralelization could be introduced in a few select points of
duplicity. But the part that is mostly CPU-bound is the encryption and
encrypting a file will use 1 core.
Since the entire volume is encrypted and not the files in it, you could
test the difference between between backing up 250MB (10 volumes, by
default) with encryption and backing up the same files without encryption
and then encrypting all the volumes with multiple GnuPG processes (using
"parallel" or something).
It's an interesting comparison. It's not obvious if it be faster and how
changing the volume size affects the result.