[bug #52295] Cosmology library integrals crash for high z

[Boud Roukema]

Follow-up Comment #2, bug#52295 (group gnuastro):

On three different machines, as of around Tue Jan 23 13:40 UTC 2024 or so 

dig git.alteholz.dev

gives me nothing. Is the site down?

Redshifts up to about z=1100 are in principle useful for anything to the last
scattering surface of the CMB; z=200 is higher than the epoch of reionisation.
Stellar mass primordial black hole mergers from prior to the population III
epoch would be rather speculative. Whether we'll detect any individual objects
about z=20 in the coming decades is highly speculative. But up to z=1100 is
certainly within our observational sphere, it's useful to observational cosmic
topology, and excluding the possibility of astronomical objects existing
because "we know that they shouldn't" is unwise, given the history of
astronomy. :) Bottom line: up to z=1100 is physically meaningful, yes. Beyond
that the Universe is electromagnetically opaque, but it couldn't hurt to go
slightly further (depending on the Omega_{*0} parameters). 

Version 0.21.75-4aca of gnuastro/CosmicCalculator matches Version 0.3.12 of
cosmdist for the radial proper distance. https://codeberg.org/boud/cosmdist is
well-tested code that started nearly 20 years ago (2004-11-13
https://codeberg.org/boud/cosmdist/src/branch/main/ChangeLog). In principle I
accepted to integrate it into gnuastro, but it rather seems complementary and
I don't have the time to do that. Two particular missing features:
* astcosmiccal doesn't accept FLRW radial comoving distance or FLRW
cosmological time as an input parameter, while cosmdist does;
* astcosmiccal does not accept input from stdin, while cosmdist does.

Going from a model distance or age to a redshift requires the inverse
functions. Accepting values from stdin makes cosmdist like a typical command
line tool for putting in pipes and doing rapid conversions. Anyway, that's
just an aside to the bug listed here.


$ ./bin/cosmiccal/astcosmiccal --version
CosmicCalculator (GNU Astronomy Utilities) 0.21.75-4aca
Copyright (C) 2015-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU General public license version 3 or later.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written/developed by Mohammad Akhlaghi

$ for z in 0.01 0.1 1 10 20 100; do ./bin/cosmiccal/astcosmiccal --quiet
--properdistance --oradiation=0.0 --omatter=0.3 --olambda=0.7 --H0=70
--redshift=$z; done |& grep "^[0-9]"
42.730926
418.454488
3303.828806
9440.249626
10742.296524
12598.733839


z=200 gives

gsl: qng.c:189: ERROR: failed to reach tolerance with highest-order rule
Default GSL error handler invoked.
Aborted

so the bug is reproducible.


$ ./cosmdist --version
cosmdist 0.3.12
Written by Boud Roukema.

Copyright (C) 2004-2021 Boud Roukema
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License.  This program has absolutely no warranty.

$ for z in 0.01 0.1 1 10 20 100 200 1000 1200 2000; do echo $z | ./cosmdist -r
0 ; done
42.73  
418.45  
3303.83
9440.25
10742.30
12598.73
13051.76
13660.53
13703.56
13805.21




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